Sociolgy PPT 1

Welcome
Socialization
Presented by -
Srija Chatterjee
A society is a group of people involved in persistent social
interaction, or a large social groups sharing the same
geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
According to MacIver & Page,--

Society is a system. of usages and procedures, authority &
mutual aid, of many groupings and divisions, of controls of
human behavior and of liberties. This ever changing complex
system which is called society is a web of social relationship.
Every society is faced with the necessity of making a

responsible member out of each child born into it. The child
must learn the expectations of the society so that his
behaviour can be relied upon. He must acquire the group
norms. The society must socialize each member so that his
behaviour will be meaningful in terms of the group norms. In
the process of socialization the individual learns the reciprocal
responses of the society.
Socialization is a processes with the help of which a living
organism is changed into a social being. It is a process through
which the younger generation learns the adult role which it has
to play subsequently. It is a continuous process in the life of an
individual and it continues from generation to generation.
Socialization stands for the development of the human brain,

body, attitude, behaviour and so forth. Socialization is known
as the process of inducting the individual into the social world.
The term socialization refers to the process of interaction
through which the growing individual learns the habits,
attitudes, values and beliefs of the social group into which he
has been born.
According to Horton and Hunt,

Socialization is the process whereby one internalises the
norms of his groups, so that a distinct ‘self emerges, unique to
this individual.
Types of Socialization:
1. Primary Socialization:
Primary socialization refers to socialization of the infant in the primary or
earliest years of his life. It is a process by which the infant learns language
and cognitive skills, internalizes norms and values. The infant learns the
ways of a given grouping and is molded into an effective social participant
of that group.
The norms of society become part of the personality of the individual. The
child does not have a sense of wrong and right. By direct and indirect
observation and experience, he gradually learns the norms relating to
wrong and right things. The primary socialization takes place in the family.
2. Secondary Socialization:
The process can be seen at work outside the immediate family, in the ‘peer
group’. The growing child learns very important lessons in social conduct
from his peers. He also learns lessons in the school. Hence, socialization
continues beyond and outside the family environment. Secondary
socialization generally refers to the social training received by the child in
institutional or formal settings and continues throughout the rest of his
life.
3. Adult Socialization:
In the adult socialization, actors enter roles (for example, becoming
an employee, a husband or wife) for which primary and secondary
socialization may not have prepared them fully. Adult socialization
teaches people to take on new duties. The aim of adult socialization is
to bring change in the views of the individual. Adult socialization is
more likely to change overt behaviour, whereas child socialization
moulds basic values.
4. Anticipatory Socialization:
Anticipatory socialization refers to a process by which men learn the
culture of a group with the anticipation of joining that group. As a
person learns the proper beliefs, values and norms of a status or
group to which he aspires, he is learning how to act in his new role.
5. Re-socialization:
Re-Socialization refers to the process of discarding former behaviour
patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one’s life.
Such re-socialisation takes place mostly when a social role is radically
changed. It involves abandonment of one way of life for another which
is not only different from the former but incompatible with it. For
example, when a criminal is rehabilitated, he has to change his role
radically.
Agencies of Socialization:
1. Family:
The family plays an outstanding role in the socialisation process. In all societies
other agencies besides the family contribute to socialisation such as educational
institutions, the peer group etc. But family plays the most important role in the
formation of personality. By the time other agencies contribute to this process
family has already left an imprint on the personality of the child. The parents
use both reward and punishment to imbibe what is socially required from a
child.
The family has informal control over its members. Family being a mini society
acts as a transmission belt between the individual and society. It trains the
younger generation in such a way that it can take the adult roles in proper
manner. As family is primary and intimate group, it uses informal methods of
social control to check the undesirable behaviour on the part of its members.
The process of socialisation remains a process because of the interplay between
individual life cycle and family life cycle.
2. Peer Group:
Peer Group means a group in which the members share some common
characteristics such as age or sex etc. It is made up of the contemporaries of
the child, his associates in school, in playground and in street. The growing
child learns some very important lessons from his peer group. Since
members of the peer group are at the same stage of socialisation, they
freely and spontaneously interact with each other.
The members of peer groups have other sources of information about the
culture and thus the acquisition of culture goes on. They view the world
through the same eyes and share the same subjective attitudes. In order to
be accepted by his peer group, the child must exhibit the characteristic
attitudes, the likes and dislikes.
3. Religion:
Religion play a very important role in socialization. Religion
instills the fear of hell in the individual so that he should
refrain from bad and undesirable activities. Religion not only
makes people religious but socializes them into the secular
order.
4. Educational Institutions:
Parents and peer groups are not the only agencies of the socialisation in
modern societies. Every civilised society therefore has developed a set of
formalised agencies of education (schools, colleges and universities)
which have a great bearing on the socialization process. It is in the
educational institutions that the culture is formally transmitted and
acquired in which the science and the art of one generation is passed on to
the next.
The educational institutions not only help the growing child in learning
language and other subjects but also instill the concept of time, discipline,
team work, cooperation and competition. Through the means of reward
and punishment the desired behaviour pattern is reinforced whereas
undesirable behaviour pattern meets with disapproval, ridicule and
punishment.
5. Mass Media:
The mass media of communication, particularly television, play an
important role in the process of socialization. The mass media of
communication transmit information and messages which influence the
personality of an individual to a great extent.
In addition to this, communication media has an important effect in

encouraging individuals to support the existing norms and values or oppose
or change them. They are the instrument of social power. They influence us
with their messages. The words are always written by someone and these
people too – authors and editors and advertisers – join the teachers, the
peers and the parents in the socialization process.
To conclude, environment stimuli often determine the growth of human

personality. A proper environment may greatly determine whether the
social or the self-centered forces will become supreme. Individual’s social
environment facilitates socialization. If his mental and physical capacities
are not good, he may not be able to make proper use of environment.
However, the family plays perhaps the important part in the process of
socialization.
Importance of Socialization:
The process of socialization is important from the point of view of society as well as from the
point of view of individual. Every society is faced with the necessity of making a responsible
member out of each child born into it. The child must learn the expectations of the society
so that his behaviour can be relied upon.
He must acquire the group norms in order to take the behaviour of others into account.
Socialization means transmission of culture, the process by which men learn the rules and
practices of social groups to which belongs. It is through it that a society maintain its social
system, transmits its culture from generation to generation.
From the point of view of the individual, socialization is the process by which the individual
learns social behaviour, develops his self. Socialization plays a unique role in personality
development of the individual.
The child has no self. The self emerges through the process of socialization. The self, the
core of personality, develops out of the child’s interaction with others.
In the socialization process the individual learns the culture as well as skills, ranging from
language to manual dexterity which will enable him to become a participating member of
human society.
Socialization teaches skills. Only by acquiring needed skills individual fit into a society. In
simple societies, traditional practices are handed down from generation to generation and
are usually learned by imitation and practice in the course of everyday life.
Conclusions:
 We are taught the rules of our society throughout our life.
 We share cultural values with people around us.
 Socialization gives us a social identity.
 We may or may not be experiencing mind control- but if we

are, we are probably not aware of it.
Thank You

Sociolgy PPT 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sociolgy PPT 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sociolgy PPT 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Welcome

According to MacIver & Page,--

Every society is faced with the necessity of making a

Socialization stands for the development of the human brain,

According to Horton and Hunt,

In addition to this, communication media has an important effect in

To conclude, environment stimuli often determine the growth of human

 We share cultural values with people around us.

 Socialization gives us a social identity.

 We may or may not be experiencing mind control- but if we

You might also like