Volcanic Hazards

Game Ka Na Ba?
Identify the word being

described by the
following statements and
arrange the
jumbled letters
olcavno agmma
These are natural opening in These are molten rocks
the earth's surface where inside the earth
molten rocks smoke gases
and ashes are ejected alva
magma that has aldcera
been ejected
it is a volcanic crater
racter out of a volcano
but is formed when a
it is a funnel-shaped part of the wall of
depression at the top of a the crater collapses
volcano formed as a result of following an
explosive eruption explosive eruption
TYPES OF VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
5. Plinian
1. Phreatic or 2. Phreatomagmatic 3. Strombolian 4. Vulcanian
eruptions
hydrothermal eruptions eruptions eruptions
- a sustained
eruptions - very violent - periodic and - cannon-like
and excessively
- steam- eruptions weak-to-violent explosions
explosive
driven eruptions
eruption
eruptions
Volcanic eruptions are generally classified as wet or dry

eruptions, depending on the role of water. More
popularly, however, volcanic eruptions are characterized
according to their behavior or style of activity
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
1. Phreatic or hydrothermal
eruptions
- steam-driven eruptions caused by
the contact of water
with hot country rocks (not magma).
-are short-lived, producing only
short-lived ash columns.
-forerunner to larger eruptive
activity.
2. Phreatomagmatic
eruptions
- very violent
eruptions
generated by the
explosive contact
of water with
erupting magma.
- produce voluminous columns of very fine ash and, more importantly,

laterally projected, high-speed, and hazardous pyroclastic density currents
called base surges.
3. Strombolian eruptions
- periodic and weak-to-violent eruptions of gas-charged, fluid
lava characterized by lava fountaining and flow.
4. Vulcanian eruptions
- cannon-like explosions
produced by the
detonation of a solidified
plug of magma in the
volcanic conduit.
- occurs due to the
pressurized accumulated
gas beneath the plug of
the magma.
-are characterized by tall eruption columns that can reach up to

20 km high and the generation of pyroclastic flows and ashfall or tephra fall.
5. Plinian eruptions
- a sustained and excessively explosive
eruption of voluminous gas and pyroclastic
that produce tall eruption columns more than
40 km in height and well-pronounced
umbrella clouds.
-produce calderas but more

importantly, voluminous pyroclastic
flows that often form widespread
sheets of deposits called an ignimbrite
field.
are known to cause global climatic changes due to the injection

of large quantities of volcanic gas into the stratosphere.
But why do
volcanoes erupt
differently?
-Volcanoes erupt
violently because of its
magma property.
Magmas that are more
viscous and have a lot
of dissolved gases tend
to be more explosive or
violent.
Philippine Active Volcanoes during their Eruption
What did you notice about their respective eruption styles?
Watch a video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0u3IyeYRzmA
Volcanic hazards
-are phenomena arising from volcanic
activity that pose potential threat to
persons or property in a given area
within a given period of time.
Different Volcanic Hazards
A barangay hall was covered in ashfall during
the 2020 Taal eruption
•Showers of airborne fine- to
coarse-grained volcanic material
and other airborne products of a
volcanic eruption.
•Ashfall distribution or dispersal
is dependent on prevailing wind
direction.
•The fine ash particles, when
inhaled, can cause respiratory
problems.
•Thick heavy ash accumulations
can cause roofs to collapse.
•Ashfall is particularly hazardous
to aircraft because it can cause
Ashfall or tephra fall jet engine failure.
Lahar
Rapidly flowing thick
mixture of volcanic
material and water, usually
generated along river
channels by extreme
rainfall. Lahar deposits can
bury large areas under
volcanic debris several
meters thick.
Houses in Pampanga were buried in lahar during

the 1991 Pinatubo eruption
Debris avalanche
or volcanic
landslide
•A massive
collapse of a huge
portion of a
volcano, usually
triggered by an
earthquake or
volcanic eruption.
Tsunami or seiche
-Waves or wave
trains that are
generated by the
sudden displacement
of water during
volcanic
eruptions.
-These could also be
generated during
undersea eruptions Aftermath of 1965 Taal eruption where
or by debris seiche was observed
avalanches.
Ground subsidence and fissuring
-Ascending magma can cause the volcano
edifice to swell before and during an
eruption.
-This causes the ground to break up into
fissures, typically along weaknesses in the
rock such as fractures or faults.
-After magma has erupted, its
removal from the subsurface can cause
the ground to sink and subside and
further fissuring occurs.
-Ground subsidence and fissuring are
typically accompanied by earthquakes,
and altogether can cause infrastructural
and house or building damages, loss or
degradation of land surface and re-
routing of waterways and rivers.
Individual Performance Task
Direction: Indicate 5 benefits of volcanoes and
5 benefits of volcanic eruptions
Benefits of Volcanoes Benefits of Volcanic Eruptions
RUBRIC:
Criteria INDICATORS
Accuracy 15 POINTS 14 POINTS 13 POINTS 12 POINTS
if all answers are if at least 9-8 if at least 7-6 if at least 5-4 items
correct items are correct items are are correct
correct
Timeliness 5 POINTS 4 POINTS 3 POINTS 2 POINTS

if finished at least 1 if finished at if finished on if not finished on
hour before the least 30 minutes the allotted time.
allotted time. before the time.
allotted time.

Volcanic Hazards

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Game Ka Na Ba?

Identify the word being

Volcanic eruptions are generally classified as wet or dry

- produce voluminous columns of very fine ash and, more importantly,

-are characterized by tall eruption columns that can reach up to

-produce calderas but more

are known to cause global climatic changes due to the injection

Houses in Pampanga were buried in lahar during

Timeliness 5 POINTS 4 POINTS 3 POINTS 2 POINTS

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