Chap 1 IMF Part2

GENERAL CHEMISTRY
2
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS
MERLYN GONZALES
Chapter 1: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Objectives:
1. Explain the relationship of viscosity, surface tension, and capillarity with intermolecular forces.
2. Explain evaporation, vapor pressure, and boiling point using kinetic molecular theory and
intermolecular forces.
3. Describe some properties of water and relate these properties to hydrogen bonding.
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Capillary
action
Heat of Viscosity
Vaporization
LIQUIDS DUE TO
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES EXHIBIT
Surface
Vapor
tension
pressure
Boiling
point
 What factors determine the physical properties of liquids?

How Many Drops can you put on a Five-peso coin?
Objective
To demonstrate surface tension as a property of liquids
Materials
5-peso coin detergent solution (10 mL water + one drop of
water dishwashing liquid)
two droppers
Procedure
1. Lay a five-peso coin on a table.
2. Fill a pipette or a dropper with water and count the number of drops you can put on the coin
before it spills over the edge.
3. Fill another dropper with the detergent solution and repeat the process.
Questions for Analysis

4. What did you observe when you dropped water onto the coin?
5. What did you observe when you dropped detergent solution onto the coin?
Conclusion:________________________________________________________________
Intermolecular Forces
and Properties of
Liquids
 Surface Tension
 It is the measure of the elastic force in the

Intermolecular Forces surface of a liquid.
and Properties of
Liquids
 It is the amount of energy required to stretch or
increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area.
 It is manifested as some sort of skin on the

surface of a liquid or in a drop of liquid.
and Properties of
Liquids
and Properties of
Liquids
Surface Tension
and Properties of
Liquids
Surface Tension
and Properties of
Liquids
Capillary Action
 Capillary action is the tendency of a liquid to rise
Intermolecular Forces in narrow tubes or be drawn into small openings

such as those between grains of a rock.
and Properties of
Liquids
 Capillary action, also known as capillarity, is a
result of intermolecular attraction between the
liquid and solid materials.
Capillary Action
and Properties of
Liquids
Capillary Action
and Properties of
Liquids
Capillary Action
Intermolecular Forces  Two types of forces are involved in capillary action:
and Properties of
Liquids  Cohesion is the intermolecular attraction
between like molecules (the liquid molecules).
 Adhesion is an attraction between unlike molecules

(such as those in water and in the particles that
make up the glass tube).
 These forces also define the shape of the surface of

a liquid in a cylindrical container (the meniscus!)
Capillary Action
 When the cohesive forces between the liquid

Intermolecular Forces molecules are greater than the adhesive forces
and Properties of between the liquid and the walls of the
Liquids container, the surface of the liquid is convex.
 When the cohesive forces between the liquid

molecules are lesser than the adhesive forces
between the liquid and the walls of the
container, the surface of the liquid is concave.
Capillary Action
and Properties of
Liquids
Viscosity
and Properties of
Liquids
Viscosity
and Properties of
Liquids
Viscosity
and Properties of
Liquids
Vapor Pressure
and Properties of
Liquids
Vapor Pressure
and Properties of
Liquids
Boiling Point
and Properties of
Liquids
Boiling Point
 The liquid molecules then transform to gas

Intermolecular Forces and are seen as bubbles that rises to the
and Properties of surface of the liquids and escape to the
Liquids atmosphere.
 Then temperature at which a liquid boils

under 1 atmospheric pressure (1atm) is
referred to as its normal boiling point.
Boiling Point
and Properties of
Liquids
Heat of Vaporization
and Properties of
Liquids
and Properties of
Liquids
and Properties of
Liquids
Structure and Properties of Water
and Properties of
Liquids
Unique Properties of Water
and Properties of
Liquids
4. Solid water is less dense, and in fact floats on

liquid water.
and Properties of
 Unlike all other liquids, the molecules in solid
water are actually farther apart than they are in
Liquids liquid water.
 When solid water forms, the hydrogen bonds
result in a very open structure with unoccupied
spaces, causing the solid to occupy a larger
volume than the liquid.
 This makes ice less dense than liquid water,
causing ice to float on water.
and Properties of
Liquids
and Properties of
Liquids

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY

 What factors determine the physical properties of liquids?

Questions for Analysis

 It is the measure of the elastic force in the

 It is manifested as some sort of skin on the

 Capillary action is the tendency of a liquid to rise

Intermolecular Forces in narrow tubes or be drawn into small openings

 Adhesion is an attraction between unlike molecules

 These forces also define the shape of the surface of

 When the cohesive forces between the liquid

 When the cohesive forces between the liquid

 The liquid molecules then transform to gas

 Then temperature at which a liquid boils

4. Solid water is less dense, and in fact floats on

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