Chapter 8
Chapter 8
Chapter 8
Types of Motion
Distance Displacement
It is the actual length of the path It is the shortest distance between the
covered by a moving object initial and final positions of the moving
object
It is a scalar quantity It is a vector quantity
Example 1
• But the displacement when the bus moves from A to B and then from
B to A is zero.
Example 2
• When a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time then the
body is said to have uniform motion.
Time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(second)
Distance 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(meter)
• When a body moves unequal distances in equal intervals of time or
vice-versa, then the body is said to describe non-uniform motion.
Time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(second)
Distance 0 10 15 20 30 60 65 75
(meter)
Speed
Instantaneous Speed
• The speed of a moving body at any particular instant of time is called
instantaneous speed.
Average Speed
• It is defined as the ratio of the total distance travelled by the object to
the total time taken for the journey. This is called the average speed.
• Average Speed is calculated when speed of the object changes from
time to time during the whole journey.
Velocity
• Velocity is defined as the distance covered by a moving object in a
particular direction in unit time.
Acceleration
• Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a moving
body with time.
• Let an object moving with an initial velocity 'u' attain a final velocity
'v' in time 't', then acceleration 'a' produced in the object is
• Acceleration is a vector quantity.
Different Types of Acceleration
• Positive Acceleration –
• Negative Acceleration –
Equations of Motion
v = u + at
• Derivation of the Second Equation of Motion –
From equations (1) and (2)
v2 – u2 = 2aS