BSMT English III

Russel Jazon Mananita

Review
Directions: Identify whether the given sentence is
passive or active and change the voice accordingly.
• A story was not written by her.
• He wrote a letter.
• They knew it.
• She sang a song.
• His friends were loved very much by him.
• My grandmother told a story.
• The work was finished by her before lunchtime.
• My grandfather built this house in 1960.
• The puzzle was solved by Maya quickly.
• Peige won the first prize.
 Unit 17
Personal
Injuries
DIRECTIONS:
Read the words. Match the body part
with the type of protective clothing.
 overalls
Feet
Safety
ears goggles
Ear
defenders
head
Safety
boots
eyes
Hard hat
hands

Whole Safety
body gloves
Preventing Personal
Injuries
There are 5 common kinds of
injury on vessels:

Seafarers sometimes break their arms and

legs when they slip or fall. These
accidents happen when they don’t wear
safety boots or when decks are wet and
oily. Seafarers also fall when ladders are
not secure. To prevent broken arms and
legs, it is important to wear safety boots.
There are 5 common kinds of
injury on vessels:

Seafarers sometimes strain their backs

when they lift heavy objects. Back strain
usually happens when seafarers lift objects
alone or when they don’t use lifting
equipment properly. To prevent back strain,
it is important to lift properly.
There are 5 common kinds of
injury on vessels:

Seafarers sometimes suffer from burns

when there is fire, explosion or chemical
spill. They need to be careful when they
smoke or when they work with chemicals.
To prevent burns, it is important to obey
“No smoking” signs and to handle
chemical cargos safely.
There are 5 common kinds of
injury on vessels:

Seafarers sometimes suffer from cuts. They

often cut their fingers when they are
careless with sharp machinery. To prevent
cuts, it is important to use safety guards
and to wear gloves.
There are 5 common kinds of
injury on vessels:

Seafarers sometimes injure their eyes when

they work with machinery. Dust, sparks,
and chemicals are very dangerous when
they enter the eye. To prevent eye injuries,
it is important to wear protective goggles.
 Exercise
Directions: Complete the
information in the table below
Injury Cause Prevention

Sharp Machinery 1. ___________________

Cuts 2. ___________________
Injury Cause Prevention

1. _____________ 1. _________________
Burns 2. _____________
2. Handle chemical
3. _____________ cargos safely.
 Injury Cause Prevention

1. Lifting heavy objects

2. Not using lifting ___________________
Back strain
equipment
 Injury Cause Prevention

1. ________________ ___________________
Eye injuries
2. ________________
3. ________________
 Injury Cause Prevention

1. Not wearing safety

boots ___________________
broken arms
and legs 2. ________________
Read these sentences from the dialogues.
• I strained my back because I lifted a steel plate
• I cut my finger half an hour ago and it is still bleeding.
• The hoist broke but I didn’t repair it.
• Were you alone or was someone there?
• It was hot so I took off my gloves.
Conjunctions
 Let’s Review . . .
The conjunction is the seventh of the eight parts of speech. Just
for the record, here are all eight:
• Noun
• Pronoun
• Adjective
• Verb
• Adverb
• Preposition
• Conjunction
•
First, let's start with a basic definition:
Conjunctions are words that join words,
groups of words, phrases, and clauses.
There are three main types:
coordinating conjunctions
subordinating conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunction

There are only seven Coordinating

Conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(fanboys). Each coordinator performs a
different function.
 Coordinating Conjunction

• There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use

FANBOYS to remember

for and nor but

or yet so
 Remember, when using a coordinating
conjunction to join two independent clauses
(complete thoughts) you must insert a comma
before the conjunction.
“For”

For is used to show that the second clause is

the reason for the premise established by the
first clause.
Ex: I ordered a pizza, for I was hungry.
“And”

And is used to show that both clauses are

complementary.
Ex:
I cut my finger half an hour ago, and it is
still bleeding.
“Nor”

Nor shows that both clauses are non-options.

Ex: I do not want popcorn nor pizza.
“But”

But shows that second clause is a negation of

the first.
Ex: The hoist broke, but I didn’t
repair it.
“But”

I want to buy the new jacket, but it is too

expensive.
In this example, there are two independent clauses:
1: “I want to buy a new jacket.”
(complete thought)
2: “It is too expensive.” (complete thought)
“Or”

Or gives two options.

Ex: Were you alone or was someone
there?
“Yet”

Yet shows that the second clause is a surprise

outcome given the premise of the first clause.
Ex: I practice hard, yet I forget some
of the steps
“So”

So shows that second clause is a result of the

first clause’s premise.
Ex: It was hot, so I took off my gloves.
Game Time!
I did my best to pass my English exam
______ I failed.
I did my best to pass my English exam
yet I failed.
I will get my car serviced ____ there is
something wrong with the brakes.
I will get my car serviced for/because
there is something wrong with the
brakes.
The suspect went to the airport ______
tried to use a license that had his
brother's
The suspect went to the airport and tried
to use a license that had his brother's
Nobody expected Sam to get the job
_____ did I.
Nobody expected Sam to get the job nor
did I.
We can go to a Chinese restaurant ____ a
Mexican, I don’t really mind.
We can go to a Chinese restaurant or a
Mexican, I don’t really mind.
It was raining heavily _____we decided
to stay at home.
It was raining heavily so we decided to
stay at home.
Everybody was eager to participate the
charity walk _____the manager.
Everybody was eager to participate the
charity walk but the manager.
I got a seat in the front row ____ I was
really interested in the lecture topic.
I got a seat in the front row for I was
really interested in the lecture topic.
My brother _____ I will retire soon and
go sailing around the world.
My brother and I will retire soon and go
sailing around the world.
 He can speak English ______Spanish
fluently, _____ his French is not so good.
 He can speak English and Spanish
fluently, but his French is not so good.
I normally like to run, ____ today I am
walking.
I normally like to run, but today I am
walking.
I am smarter than my brother, ____ he
still got a higher grade on the test.
I am smarter than my brother, yet he still
got a higher grade on the test.
I don’t make good grades, ___ do I try
very hard in school.
I don’t make good grades, nor do I try
very hard in school.
It is raining outside today, ___ I think I
will wear my raincoat.
It is raining outside today, so I think I
will wear my raincoat.
He is always crying, ___ he is very sad.
He is always crying, for he is very sad.
I took my math course three times, ___ I
finally passed.
I took my math course three times, and I
finally passed.
Subordinating Conjunctions

A subordinating conjunction
-Connects a dependent clause (a clause that cannot be
written as a separate sentence) with an independent
clause.
A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that
links a dependent clause to an independent clause.
This word or phrase indicates that a clause has
informative value to add to the sentence’s main idea,
signaling a cause-and-effect relationship or a shift in
time and place between the two clauses.
Semantic Categories of Subordinating
Conjunctions

As demonstrated, conjunctions can bring

different layers of meaning to writing by building
relationships between clauses. There are six main
classes of conjunctions, categorized by meaning: time,
concession, comparison, cause, condition, and place.
Time

Time-related conjunctions establish a period

when the main clause will be or was performed. These
include after, as soon as, as long as, before, once, still,
until, when, whenever, and while.
Example:
• When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
Time

Examples:
• I will do the dishes after everyone has gone home
• Once Batman learned that Robin had not been
wearing his seatbelt, he took away his keys to the
Batmobile.
• Robin looked regretfully at the Batmobile
whenever he passed it in the Batcave.
Concession

Concession conjunctions help to redefine the

main clause by providing additional context
regarding conditions of delivery. Concession
conjunctions highlight an action that took place in
spite of an obstacle or hindrance and they include
although, as though, and even though.
Concession
Example:
• Eliza wrote the Higgins report even though it was
assigned to Colonel Pickering.
• Certainly this could happen, although the odds
are remote.
Comparison

Similarly, comparison conjunctions—which include

just as, though, whereas, in contrast to, and while
—help to establish correlations by providing
context for comparison.
Comparison

Example:
• Ellen vlogged about the results of the political
meeting, in contrast to her arch-enemy who
merely blogged.
• Watson listened quietly while Holmes explained
his theory
Cause

Cause conjunctions illuminate the reason(s) that

the activities of a main clause were performed and
are commonly engineered using as, because, in
order that, since, and so that. "Grant dreamed
about cheese because he had eaten so much of it the
night before."
Cause

Examples:
Since Robin refused to wear his seat belt, Batman has
banned him from the Batmobile.
The subordinating conjunction that is simplest to
explain is because. Because is a conjunction with just
one purpose: to show a cause-and-effect relationship
between a subordinate clause and a main clause. On its
own, a clause beginning with because is incomplete.
Ex: Because he wouldn’t wear a seat belt.
We have the sense that there is something missing here. Let’s add an
independent clause so this statement has something to lean on.
Ex: Robin wasn’t allowed in the Batmobile any longer.
Now we will combine the two in a complex sentence.

Robin wasn’t allowed in the Batmobile any longer because

he wouldn’t wear a seatbelt.
In this sentence, “Robin wasn’t allowed in the
Batmobile any longer” is an independent clause. It
could stand on its own as a complete sentence. A clause
that shows a causal relationship such as “because he
wouldn’t wear a seatbelt” (answering the question
“Why?” or “For what purpose?” is often referred to as
a clause of purpose.
Other subordinating conjunctions that can show
cause-and-effect relationships and function in the same
way are as, since, though, due to, provided that,
because of, unless, and so/so that.
Condition

Condition conjunctions introduce rules under which a

main clause performs. These are indicated by even if,
if, in case, provided that, and unless. Often,
subordinate clauses come first in conditional sentences
but they are still dependent on the main clause and
cannot exist outside of it.
Condition
Examples:
• If he's going to be there, I'm not going to the party.
• We'll be there at about 7.30, provided that there's
a suitable train.
• They won’t come unless you invite them.
Place

Place conjunctions, which determine where

activities might occur, include where, wherever,
and whereas. "I will place my conjunction in the
sentence wherever I please."
Place
Examples:

• I will place my conjunction in the sentence wherever

I please.
• All of my sisters are doctors, whereas I am a
teacher.
Correlative Conjunctions

• Correlative conjunctions connect words, phrases,

and clauses, which are sentences.
• Correlative conjunctions connect things of equal
value.
(This means that they will connect a verb with
another verb or a sentence with another sentence.
 Correlative Conjunctions
• Correlative Conjunctions are not single words.
They work in pairs.
• There are five pairs of correlative conjunctions:

both….and whether….or neither….nor

not only….but also either….or

 Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire

State Building.
 Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

I don’t want neither pickles nor tomato on

my hamburger.
 Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

I don’t know whether to play baseball or to

play basketball this year.
 Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

Either the student or the teacher can answer

the question.
 Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

Not only do I play the flute, but I also play

the clarinet.
 THANK YOU
EVERYONE! 