SANITARY

DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
 Sanitary drainage system is the flow of water through well
defined channels is known as drainage and the network of
such channels is called the drainage system.

OBJECTIVES OF REPORT

 Learn the function and flow of a sanitary system.

 To provide factual information about drainage system.
 To introduce basic principles about sanitary system.
What is sanitary drainage system?
 Sanitary drainage system means The piping that receives the
liquid discharge, from plumbing fixture other than those
fixtures(water closets) receiving fecal matter. This piping is
free of fecal flow.

Why is sanitary drainage system

important?
 Sanitary drainage system are built in a way that helps maintain a
high level of cleanliness of sanitation. Sanitation is critical for many
drainage applications especially in bathrooms, public spaces and
anything involving the food and beverages industry.
 The purpose of the sanitary drainage system is to remove effluent
discharged from plumbing fixtures and other equipment to an
approved point of disposal. A sanitary drainage system generally
consists of horizontal branches, vertical stacks, a building drain
inside the building, and a building sewer from the building wall to
the point of disposal.

 In order to efficiently design a sanitary drainage system, the designer

should use the smallest pipes possible in accordance with the
applicable code that can quickly remove soiled water from
individual fixtures without clogging the pipes, leaving solids in the
piping, generating excessive pneumatic pressures at points where the
fixture drains connect to the stack (which could reduce trap water
seals and force sewer gases back through livable areas).
 1. SOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEM

o The piping that conveys the discharge of water closets or fixtures having similar functions
(containing fecal matter), with or without the discharges from other fixtures.

 2. WASTE DRAINAGE SYTEM or SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

o The piping that receives the liquid discharge, from plumbing fixtures other than those
fixtures(water closets) receiving fecal matter. This piping is free of fecal flow.

 3. STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

o The piping system that receives clear water drainage from leaders, downspouts, surface run-
off, ground water, subsurface water, condensate water, cooling water or other similar
discharges and conveys them to the point of disposal. All sanitary wastes must be excluded.

 4. VENT SYSTEM

o the piping system that receives a flow or air to or from a drainage system or to provide a
circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage or back pressure.
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A PROPERLY
DESIGNED DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• A. The piping must be air tight, gas tight and water tight.

• B. Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be

separately trapped by an approved type water seal trap. This is to prevent
odor-laden and germ-laden to rise out of the drainage system and
contaminate the surrounding air in the room.

• C. Each plumbing fixture trap shall be provided with vent pipes. This is
to protect the drainage system against siphonage and back pressure and
to assure air circulation throughout the drainage system.
• D. A cleanout, easily accessible, shall be provided for inspection or cleaning of
the pipe run. The location of the cleanout shall be:
- At the upper end of every horizontal waste or soil pipe.

- At every change of horizontal direction of not more than 22.5 Degrees

- Within 1.5 m (5') inside the property line before the house sewer connection

- At every 15m (50') to a horizontal run of a soil or waste pipe

• E. All horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade
of not less than 2% or 2 cm per meter toward the point of disposal.

• F. All horizontal piping shall be supported and anchored at intervals not to exceed
3 meters.
• G. Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in
alignment. Stacks shall be properly supported at their bases.
 PLUMBING FIXTURE MATERIALS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE

• Water closet private installation 76 mm Dia. (3’’) 4 DFU,4”DIA.

• Water closet public installation 76 mm Dia. (3’’) 6 DFU,4”DIA.

*use 6 DFU when computing septic tank size

 MINIMUME SIZE OF VENT FOR WATER CLOSET

• The minimum size of vent for water closet is 51mm Dia.

 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE FOR WASH BASIN

• Wash basins in set 38 mm Dia. 2 DFU

• Wash basins, single 38 mm Dia. 1 DFU

 MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT FOR LAVATORY

• The minimum size of vent for lavatory is 32mm Dia.

 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE FOR URINAL

• Urinal wall mounted 51mm(2”) 6 DFU

• Urinal, stall 51mm(2”) 6 DFU

• Urinal, trap arm 51mm(2”) 3 DFU

 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER FOR FLOOR DRAINS

• The minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2

 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER FOR SHOWER BATH

• The minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2

• The minimum size of vent is 38 Dia.

 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE OF SINK

Kitchen Sink (Residential) 1 ½” Dia. 38 mm Dia. 2 DFU

51mm minimum waste pipe

Bar Sink (Commercial) 1 ½” Dia. 38 mm Dia. 2 DFU

51mm minimum waste pipe

Bar Sink (Private) 1 ½” Dia. 38 mm 1 DFU

38mm minimum waste pipe

Sink (Commercial, Industrial, Institutional) 1 ½” Dia. 38 mm 3 DFU

58mm minimum waste pipe

Sink (Clinic); Flushing Rim 3“ Dia. 76mm Dia. 6 DFU

Service sink (Slop) 2 “Dia. 51 mm Dia 3 DFU

Laundry Tub 1 ½” Dia. 38mm. Dia. 2 DFU

 MATERIALS USED FOR THE PLUMBING DRAINAGE
SYSTEM APPROVED BY THE 1999 NATIONAL PLUMBING
CODE
 EXCRETA DRAINAGE PIPING
1. Cast iron
2. Ductile iron
3. Galvanized steel
(shall not be used underground. Kept at least 152mm above ground)
4. Galvanized wrought iron
(shall not be used underground. Kept at least 152mm above ground)
5. Lead
6. Copper
7. Brass
8. Series 1000, pvc, dmv
9. Extra strength vitrified clay pipe
(shall not be used above ground. At least 300mm below finish ground level.)
10. Approved material having smooth and uniform bore.

NOTE: ABS and PVC DWV can be used in high rise buildings at the discretion
of the RMP and with the full consent of the owner .
 MATERIALS USED FOR THE PLUMBING DRAINAGE
SYSTEM APPROVED BY THE 1999 NATIONAL PLUMBING
CODE
DRAINAGE FITTING VENT STACKS VENT PIPES

1. Cast iron 1. Copper 1. Cast iron

2. Malleable 2. Cast iron 2. Ductile cast iron
3. Lead 3. Galvanized wrought iron 3. Galvanized steel
4. Brass 4. PVC 4. Galvanized wrought
5. Copper steel
6. ABS 5. Lead
7. PVC 6. Copper
8. Vitrified 7. Brass
clay 8. Schedule 40,ABS,DWV
9. Series 1000,PVC,DWV
 MATERIALS USED FOR THE PLUMBING DRAINAGE
SYSTEM APPROVED BY THE 1999 NATIONAL PLUMBING
CODE
DOWNSPOUT (HIGH RISE)
• Shall be of stronger pipes materials to resist the high
hydrostatic pressure.

ROOF DRAIN TRAPS (SEC. 1003 NPC 1999)

1. Cast iron 1. ABS
2. Copper 2. Cast brass
3. Other corrosion 3. Cast
resistant materials 4. Lead
5. PVC
Catch basins

• are generally connected to a plumbing system

that directs the water and extra debris to a
sewage facility, reservoir, or sump. You might
find catch basins in a residential area or a
commercial business because they are great
drainage solutions that protect the property
from flooding.
Clean out

• A clean out is the access point for a sewer line

and is considered a means to access the sewer
line for cleaning and unclogging. Not every
home has a clean out, but if you do have a clean
out, it is usually found within three inches of the
edge of your home or building.
Grease interceptor is a
device located between
kitchen drain lines and
sanitary sewer lines. Grease
interceptors capture the fats,
oil, and grease flowing down
kitchen drains and stop them
from flowing to the sewer.
 What is septic tank?
 A septic tank is an underground chamber made of concrete,
fiberglass, or plastic through which domestic wastewater flows
for basic sewage treatment. Settling and anaerobic digestion
processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment
efficiency is only moderate.

Purpose of septic tank

 Its job is to hold the wastewater long enough to allow solids to
settle down to the bottom forming sludge, while the oil and
grease floats to the top as scum.
 PLAN
VIEW

ELEVATION
VIEW
Parts of septic tank
Inlet pipe - is used to transport the water waste from the house and collect it
in the septic tank. It is kept here long enough so that the solid and liquid
waste is separated from each other.

Outlet pipe - removes the pre-processed wastewater from the septic tank,
slowly dispersing it back into the soil and drain field. Inside the tank, the
wastewater separates into three layers - scum, wastewater, and sludge. The top
layer (scum) is usually oil, grease, and other fatty deposits.

Leaching chambers - have two key functions: to dispose of effluent from the
septic tanks and to distribute this effluent in a manner allowing adequate natural
wastewater treatment in the soil before the effluent reaches the underlying
groundwater.
Digestion chamber
• a waterproof chamber where bacteria break down organic waste from
wastewater without oxygen through anaerobic digestion. In biogas
production, this chamber is also called a digester.

Scum
• refers to the set of substances in a septic tank which are lighter than water. It
usually consists of oil, fats, and grease. These substances float to the top,
above the water where the aerobic bacteria work to digest a majority of the
floating solid waste materials.

Manhole
• Manhole, is a container used to connect and retrieve underground lines and
installations. These lines and underground installations generally include
sewage transfer network, cableway and other urban Facilities.
Public sanitary sewer
• Public sanitary sewer system means a sanitary sewer used or intended for
use by the public for the collection and transportation of sanitary sewage
for treatment or disposal.

Why are sanitary sewers important? Sewer

Systems and Wastewater

• Community wastewater management and adequate sewer systems play

important roles in sanitation and disease prevention. Wastewater with fecal
waste (or poop) can contaminate the local environment and drinking water
supply, thereby increasing the risk of disease transmission.
 THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 To protect water resources and the greater environment, all waste from buildings and
industrial processes must be treated to meet certain standards of quality. Domestic
sewage from dwellings and DWV systems in buildings are permitted to be discharged
into the public sewers system, which provides the necessary treatment prior to this
discharge into nature.

BASIC PURPOSE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

 To destroy pathogenic micro organisms. Pathogens are disease-causing bacteria.

 To remove most suspended and dissolved biodegradable organic materials.

BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

 The measure of the strength of the sewage in relation to the total amount of organic
material it contains. Untreated domestic sanitary sewage has an average BOD of about
200mg/ liter. DENR standard is 50 mg/ liter.
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS(TSS)

 The measure of the strength of the sewage in relation to the total amount of suspended
solids. Untreated domestic sanitary sewage has an average TSS of 240 liter. Another
group of impurities that is of major significance in waste water is the compounds of
nitrogen(N) and phosphorous (P) from plant nutrients. Raw sanitary sewage contains
an averageof35mg/ liter of nitrogen and 10 mg/liter of phosphorous.

THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

The sewage treatment process may be divided into four major steps:

1. Preliminary treatment. 35% of BOD and 60% of TSS are removed.

2. Primary Treatment, which is subdivided into:
• Sedimentation and retention: raw sewage is retained for the preliminary separation
of indigestible solids and the start of aerobic action.

• Aeration: introduction of air through natural convection or mechanical blowers to

accelerate the decomposition of organic matters.

• Skimming: Removal of scum that floats on top of the partially treated sewage.

• Sludge Removal: disposal of heavy sludge at the bottom of treated sewage. In the
primary treatment, 85% of BOD and 85% TSS are removed.

3. Secondary Treatment, namely, the removal of colloidal and dissolved

organic material.

4. Tertiary Treatment, that is, the removal of dissolved nitrogen and

phosphorous and disinfection of effluent by the addition of chemicals, such as
chlorine (10 mg/liter).
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
 The design of sewage treatment plants for large buildings, building complexes and municipalities follows
precisely the same processes described above. However, modern treatment plants do require considerable
mechanized equipment and controls in order to be efficient and reliable. Sanitary Engineers or Plumbing
Engineers who specialized in the subject do the design of these treatment plants.

Following are the definitions of some commonly used terms related to the subject of sewage treatment methods
and disposal processes:

1) Digestion- That portion of the sewage treatment process in which biochemical decomposition of organic
matter takes place, resulting in the formation of simple organic and mineral substances. Also known as
aerobic(bacterial) digestion.

2) Influent- Untreated sewage flowing out of treatment system.

3) Effluent- Treated or partially treated sewage flowing out of a treatment system.

4) Sedimentation- Formation of layers of heavy particles in the influent.

5) Aerobic (bacterial) digestion- Digestion of the waste through the natural bacteria digestive action in a tank
or chamber.
6) Active Sludge- The sewage sediment, rich in destructive bacteria, which can
be used to break down fresh sewage more quickly.

7) Filtration- a means of filtering out any solid matter from the effluent.

8) Disinfection- A process to disinfect the effluent wit chemicals.

9) Percolation- the flow or trickling of a liquid downward through a filtering

medium
Sewage treatment plant
• Essentially, a sewage treatment plant operates by circulating air to
encourage the growth of bacteria to break down sewage. The goal is to
deliver much cleaner, more environmentally friendly effluent. It involves a
similar process to a typical septic tank but has some key differences.

Advantage of sewage treatment plant

• Reliable and unlikely to encounter problems with only regular
maintenance
• Can be installed even on challenging or compact sites

• Cost-effective over time, with only installation, power and maintenance to

pay for
 Disadvantage of sewage treatment plant
• The plant needs a constant supply of electricity to run.

• Will require professional maintenance annually, and in the unlikely event

of problems.

• Design and installation of the system needs to be undertaken

professionally.

Reference:
https://abtdrains.com/catch-basin-what-are-they-and-how-do-they-work/?
fbclid=IwAR0Elp6b1NfXgo11EGK1oJaymDtbTzSyCPYFIAE5oFHze34vsYe_mDKupAM
https://www.scribd.com/document/87907289/60307459-National-Plumbing-Code-of-the-Philippines?fbclid=IwAR1ge2C-O195akmNC8Tk9Hl3LQOX-
GZlto22v6jvbJxyP8ft01z5t_G2HRc
https://www.septicmaxx.com/blog/what-are-the-septic-tank-layers/?
fbclid=IwAR22J_mFf5KVAQRu2FNh323xEbIPsmQm5a4u9Tbu7iZQwinLJEzFkztihfI#:~:text=Scum%3A%20Scum%20refers%20to%20the,the
%20floating%20solid%20waste%20materials
https://pipespy.com/blog/sewer-line-problems-symptoms/?fbclid=IwAR0fuFHybfK8svZr360mXxsdZRLTS_-k7Ub2nHQwEc6uTeh1iH-PECli-Q0
 DEFINITION OF TERMS FROM NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES 1999 EDITION
HOUSE / BUILDING DRAIN

• part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing

system, which receives the discharges from the soil,
waste and other drainage pipes inside of a building
and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the
building.

HOUSE / BUILDING SEWER

• extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters

from the outside face of the foundation wall of a
building to the junction with the street sewer or to
any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage
of one building site. No house/building sewer shall
be smaller than 150mm in diameter, nor less in size
than the house/building drain.
WASTE PIPE
• conveys only wastewater or liquid waste
free of fecal matter.

SOIL PIPE
• any pipe which conveys the discharge of
water closet, urinal or fixtures having

SOIL STACK PIPE

• a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter
and waste water.
VENT PIPE
• used for ensuring the circulation of air in a
plumbing system and for relieving the
negative pressure exerted on trap seals.

VENT STACK
• the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for
providing circulation of air to and from any
part of the soil, waste of the drainage
system.

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

• a septic tank with the effluent discharging
into a subsurface disposal field, seepage pits
or of such other facilities or may be
permitted by the plumbing code.
ROOF GUTTER
• The water collector at the eaves of the
building.

DOWN SPOUT
• A vertical pipe which conveys rain water,
also known as conductor or rain water.

STORM DRAIN
• Receives storm water , clear, rain or
surface-water waste (SD)
TRAP
• A fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane
gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through
it.
 THANK YOU
Reference:
National plumbing code of the Philippines

GROUP LEADER:
- ESTEBAN, RAYMOND F.
GROUP MEMBER:
- LAHUG, ASIRI H. - PIO, ALBIE A.
- VALENZUELA, JEROME C. - IRIN, BEN-JAMAL A.
- ANDAG, ALNASUL A.