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    Binomial Distribution Y With Examples

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    The document discusses the binomial distribution, defining it as a probability experiment with a fixed number of trials, two possible outcomes per trial (success or failure), and a constant probability of success from trial to trial. It provides the binomial probability formula and examples of calculating probabilities for binomial experiments.

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    Binomial Distribution Y With Examples

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    emmanonsoagaehi4u
    5 views12 pages
    The document discusses the binomial distribution, defining it as a probability experiment with a fixed number of trials, two possible outcomes per trial (success or failure), and a constant probability of success from trial to trial. It provides the binomial probability formula and examples of calculating probabilities for binomial experiments.

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    Intro to Stats

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    15. Binomial Distribution Y With Examples

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    The document discusses the binomial distribution, defining it as a probability experiment with a fixed number of trials, two possible outcomes per trial (success or failure), and a constant probability of success from trial to trial. It provides the binomial probability formula and examples of calculating probabilities for binomial experiments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views12 pages

    Binomial Distribution Y With Examples

    Uploaded by

    emmanonsoagaehi4u
    The document discusses the binomial distribution, defining it as a probability experiment with a fixed number of trials, two possible outcomes per trial (success or failure), and a constant probability of success from trial to trial. It provides the binomial probability formula and examples of calculating probabilities for binomial experiments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    The Binomial Distribution

    Prof. Paola Di Muro


    Brandon University
    Recall
    Discrete Random Variables Continuous Random
    Variables
    “generic” Binomial Normal distribution
    Probability
    Distribution
    distribution

    • Many probability problems have only two


    outcomes, success or failure. When you toss a coin,
    you can only get H or T. A soccer play-off game can
    only result in a win or a loss. A multiple choice
    question will be answered correctly or incorrectly,
    and a medical treatment can only be effective or
    non-effective.
    Definition
    • A binomial experiment is a probability experiment that
    satisfies the following conditions
    • There are a fixed number n of trials;
    • Each trial can only have two possible outcomes, success (S)
    or failure (F);
    • The probability of success P(S) = p remains the same from
    trial to trial (the trials are INDEPENDENT);
    • The probability of failure P(F) = 1 – p = q

    • The binomial random variable X is the number of successes


    in n trials. The set of values that X can assume is {0, 1, 2, …,
    n}
    • Note: the choice of “success” is arbitrary.
    Binomial Probability Formula
    • Given the binomial random variable X, the
    probability of x successes in n trials is
    • P(x) = nCx (p)x* (1-p)n-x where p = P(S)
    n = number of trials
    • nCx represents the number of events resulting in x
    successes,
    • (p)x* (1-p)n-x is the probability of x
    successes and (n-x) failures.
    • Recall: nCx = In general, there is
    symmetry, and = nCn-x = nCx
    Example
    • If the probability is 40% that a divorcee will remarry within three years,
    find the probability that, of 10 randomly selected divorcees
    • (a) exactly 2 of them will remarry within three years
    • Solution: X = number of divorcees that will remarry within three years
    Example continued
    • (b) at least 3 of them will remarry within three years
    Another example
    • A survey concludes that 5 out of 8 university students own a
    laptop. If 7 students are randomly selected, find the
    probability that more than 5 own a laptop?
    • Solution: X =
    • n= p= 1 –p =
    • P(more than 5) =
    MEAN, VARIANCE and ST. DEV. for a BINOMIAL R.V.

    • For a binomial RV these formulas have a particular


    nice form.
    • Let X be the number of heads in 3 tosses. X is
    discrete, and its probability distribution is:
    X P(X)
    0 1/8
    1 3/8
    2 3/8
    3 1/8

    • Let’s calculate the mean or expected value of X using


    the formula for discrete RVs
    • μ = E(X) = Σ [X * P(X)] =
    Expected value formula for binomial RVs
    • We can calculate the mean or expected value of a binomial random
    variable using the formula:
    • μ = E(X) = (n) (p).
    • In the above example, X = the number of Heads when tossing 3 coins is
    also binomial with n = p= 1-p = so
    μ = E(X) =
    • (note:
    we get exactly the same answer as before)
    • Similarly, instead of using the “generic” formulas, we can calculate the
    variance σ2 and the standard deviation σ of a binomial RV using the
    following formulas:
    • σ2 = n p (1 – p) and σ =
    • Using our example: σ2 =
    Translating words into symbols
    Phrase Math symbol
    At least 2 ≥
    More than 2 >
    Greater than 2
    Fewer than 2 <
    Less than 2
    No more than 2 ≤
    At most 2
    Exactly 2 =
    Example
    • A multiple choice exam consists of 12 questions. Each question has 4
    possible answers. James has not been to class for the last month and
    decides to answer randomly.

    • (a) How many questions should he expect to answer correctly?

    • (b) What will the standard deviation be?

    • (c) What is the probability that he will guess at most 9 correct answers?
    Example continued
    • (d) what is the probability of answering at least 10 questions incorrectly?
    • Solution: Method 1 Let X = number of questions answered incorrectly.
    1

    • n = 12 p = 1–p=

    • Method 2. Keep X = number of questions answered correctly (as in a, b, c)


    • At least 10 incorrect means P( ) + P( ) + P( ) incorrect
    • In terms of correct answers  P( ) + P( ) + P( ) correct

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