PRAYER

Father God,
As we start this new day for new learning, we ask for
Your guidance.
Lead us all the way.
May You let us see through Your eyes, listen through
Your ears, and speak with Your Mouth.
Be with us as we explore the world.
Give us the heart to love and be kind to one another.
Please watch over all our teachers, children, and
families.
In Jesus’ name. Amen
 Review

• How do you define anecdote?

• What are the purposes of an anecdote?
• What lesson does the anecdote in
“Home of the Ashfall” convey?
 Match &
Guess:
We are all familiar with
the English alphabet,
now let’s give it a twist by
using the pictures each
letter represents or
match the corresponding
letters to form words.
1. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1. CHARACTER
2. __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2. SETTING
3. __ __ __ __
3. PLOT
4. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
4. CONFLICT
5. __ __ __ __ __
5. THEME
6. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6. POINT OF VIEW
GOOD JOB!
 21st Century Literature
from the Philippines
and the World

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Elements of a Short Story
Objectives:
At the end of the 60-minute session, students should be
able to:
• Demonstrate understanding of a short story;
• Analyze a short story by identifying its basic elements;
and
• Appreciate the use of multimedia in sharing the lessons
learned from a short story.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
1. Character
a character in a short story is a person, in
some stories an animal, who takes part in the
action of the story or other literary work.
it is said that the heart of the story are the
characters.
the two most important characters in a short
story are the protagonist and the antagonist.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
a. Protagonist
main character or most important of all the
characters.
it is the character who learns something or
undergoes some changes throughout the
course of the story.
some stories depict the protagonist as the
hero of the story.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
b. Antagonist
the character that challenges the main
character.
the antagonist may be a person, the nature,
the society, or any intangible matter that
contends with or creates a problem for the
protagonist.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
2. Setting
The place (locale) and time (period) when the story
happens.
real place and real time or it may also be based on
the author’s imagination.
Most authors use descriptive words to describe the
landscape, scenery, buildings, season, or weather to
provide a strong sense of setting which will help the
reader visualize the story and connect to the story’s
plot.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
3. Plot
the actual story. It is what the story is all about.
the series of events and characters’ actions
that lead to the highest point of interest in a
short story.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
Different parts of a story’s structure:
a. Exposition – beginning of the story. This is where the author
introduces the characters, identifies where the story is
happening, and establishes the main conflict.

b. Rising Action – this event occurs as you begin to move

throughout the story. This is where conflicts start to build.

c. Climax – the most exciting part of a short story. This is the

part in the story when important decisions are made or
important things are discovered.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
d. Falling Action – this point occurs after the climax as
the problems in the story start to work themselves out.
The excitement becomes less and less as the conflict is
resolved.

e. Resolution – this is the solution to the problem in a

story. The solution may not be what you hoped for but as
long as it fits the story in tone and theme, the conflict has
been resolved.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
4. Conflict – Every story needs to have a problem and
this problem is called conflict. Without conflict, the story
will not go anywhere and will not be very interesting to the
readers.

Four Types of Conflict:

• man versus man;
• man versus nature;
• man versus himself; and
• man versus society.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT
STORY
5. Theme - This is the central idea in a short story and a
general truth. This is considered as the author’s message
to the readers.

6. Point of View – This is the way the story is told or

narrated. It is also known as the vantage point that a
writer uses to narrate the story.
 Types of Point of View (POV)
a. First Person – the narrator participates in and tells the
story using the pronoun ‘I’.
b. Limited Third Person – the narrator is not in the story
and narrates using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. Also, the
narrator is unable to see into the minds of the characters.
c. Omniscient Third Person – the narrator is not in the
story and tells the story using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’.
In this point of view, the narrator can tell the thoughts of
the characters as he can see into their minds.
 Guided Practice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which element refers to the time and location where

the story happens?
a. Plot
b. Setting
c. Conflict
d. Characterization
 Guided Practice
2. The phrase, “Don’t judge the book by its cover,” is an example of
a. Mood
b. Setting
c. Theme
d. Conflict

3. What do you call the most important character in a story?

a. antagonize
b. protagonist
c. antagonist
d. instigator
 Guided Practice
4. Which plot structure creates tone, presents characters and other
important details to introduce the story?
a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Climax

5. Which element of a short story is known as the vantage point used to

narrate the story?
a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Point of view
 Guided Practice
6. What do you call the character who contends with the main character
in a short story?
a. investigator
b. protagonist
c. antagonist
d. instigator

7. Which element of short story shows the author’s attitude or feelings?

a. Plot
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Tone
 Guided Practice
8. What do you call the events that happen in a short story?
a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Plot
d. Conflict

9. Which of the following is considered as the essence of fiction?

a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Conflict
d. Climax
 Guided Practice
10. What do you call the series of events when things
start to happen in the story?
a. Rising Action
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Falling Action
 Independent Activity
Directions: Read the story SINIGANG by Marie Aubrey J.
Villaceran. (5 minutes)
Study the following questions carefully and write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Where did the story happen?

2. Who were the characters in the story?
3. What do you think led to the emotional separation of Liza
from her father?
4. What was the most interesting part of the story?
5. What was the story about?
6. Who narrated the story?
 GROUP ACTIVITY
Directions: The students will be grouped according to
their respective rows (row 1, 2, and 3). This activity is
good for 10-15 minutes.

Through differentiated activities each group will create

analyzation of the short story provided by identifying its
basic element and appreciate the use of multimedia in
sharing the lessons learned from a short story.
 GROUP 1:
A. Identify the six (6) elements from the short story Sinigang and
share or submit your answer through sending it via email at
[email protected].

Setting: _______________________________________________
Characters: ____________________________________________
Plot: _________________________________________________
Conflict: ______________________________________________
Theme: _______________________________________________
Point of View: __________________________________________
 GROUP 1:
B. In this activity, you have to identify the plot structure of the story
“Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for rising action; C for climax; D for
falling action; and E for resolution. Submit your answer through
sending it via email at [email protected].

1. “Did you meet…her?” Tita Loleng asked.

2. The woman looked to me like she was in her forties—the same age
as my mother.
3. The woman, upon seeing my curious stare, had explained, “I am
Sylvia.”
4. I finally turned to him. There was only one question I needed to ask.
“Why?”
5. I wanted to scream at her to let go but I did not move away.
 GROUP 1:
6. All my muscles tensed upon hearing her name. It took all my self-
control to outwardly remain calm and simply raise an eyebrow.
7. When my dad had come out of the room, I remembered sensing it
immediately—the same way an animal instinctively perceives when it is
in danger.
8. When her weeping had subsided, she raised her head and looked at
me. “Everyone makes mistakes, Liza.” Her eyes begged for
understanding.
9. I continued to pick out tomatoes for the sinigang we were to have for
dinner. I wasn’t usually the one who assisted my aunt with the cooking.
10. “I’m sorry,” he had told me.
 GROUP 2:
Choose a part in the story, Sinigang, which
you find the most interesting. Then, produce a
three-minute video of it using the characters’
lines and depicting their feelings. Upload your
output on YouTube and share the link to us.
 GROUP 3:
Create a blog on moral values that you got
from the short story "Sinigang" and its impact
to you as a 21st century learner. Like a story
review and share it to the world by posting
your blog on Facebook.
 What have you learned?
• What are the basic elements of a short
story?

• Which among the basic element is

considered the most important? And why?

• What have you realized/learned from our

topic today?
 Evaluation
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Who is the writer of the short story “Sinigang”?

a. Marie Aubrey Villaceran c. Edith L. Tiempo
b. NVM Gonzales d. Manuel E. Arguilla

2. Where is the setting of the story?

a. farm c. cemetery
b. house d. garden
 Evaluation
3. Who is the main character in the story?
a. Sylvia c. Lem
b. Liza d. Tita Loleng

4. What point of view was used by the author in telling the story?
a. Third Person c. First Person
b. Omniscient Third Person d. Limited Third Person

5. Whose favorite dish is the “Sinigang”?

a. Liza c. Liza’s mother
b. Tita Loleng d. Liza’s father
 Evaluation
6. What type of conflict was shown in the story?
a. man versus man c. man versus himself
b. man versus nature d. man versus society

7. What element refers to the events in the story?

a. Setting c. Plot
b. Theme d. Conflict

8. What element is considered the high point in the story?

a. Setting c. Exposition
b. Theme d. Climax
 Evaluation
9. Based on the text, what does the word “Sinverguenza”
mean?
a. a person who is shameless
b. a person who is sinful
c. a person who is calm
d. a person who is reckless

10. What element is presented at the final part of the story?

a. Resolution c. Exposition
b. Theme d. Climax
 Assignment
DIRECTIONS: Reflect on the short story, “Sinigang”, by Maria
Aubrey J. Villaceran and answer the questions below. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper, to be submitted on Tuesday
next week.

1. What significant lesson have you learned from the story? How
will you apply it in your own life?
2. Why do you think some married men commit extramarital affair?
3. React on this: It is ordinary in our Filipino culture for husbands
to commit adultery and look for another woman who can satisfy
their desires simply because they are men and not saints.
 ***End***
Thank you for listening. I hope
you learned something today. See
you again next meeting :)