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    Cartilage & Bone - Structure& Types

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    Dr. SUVA NATH

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    Cartilage & Bone - Structure& Types

    Uploaded by

    Dr. SUVA NATH
    7 views34 pages

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    Cartilage & Bone_Structure& Types

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    7 views34 pages

    Cartilage & Bone - Structure& Types

    Uploaded by

    Dr. SUVA NATH

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Histology of

    Cartilage & Bone

    Dr. Suva Nath


    BHMS, MSc(Medical Physiology), MHA, PhD(Medicine)

    Consultant Physician & Faculty of Medical Sciences


    CARTILAGE
     Modified connective tissue
     Forms skeletal basis of some parts of body
     Matrix is firm giving it the characteristic consistency
     Resists compression
     Avascular (nutrients diffuse through matrix)
     Perichondrium is rich in blood vessels
    PERICHONDRIUM
     Dense irregularly arranged
    Fibrous
    fibrous tissue layer
     Ensheaths the cartilage Cellular
    layer
     Composed of cells & matrix
     Matrix consists of fibres &
    ground substance
     Houses the blood vessels that
    nourish chondrocytes
     Present in most of the hyaline
    & elastic cartilage
     Absent in fibrocartilage
    CHONDROBLAST
     Mesenchymal
    (embryologically)
     Progenitor of chondrocytes
     Lines border between
    perichondrium and matrix
     Produce the intercellular
    matrix and collagen fibres
     Cells which become
    imprisoned within this matrix
    become chondrocytes.
    CHONDROCYTE
     Mature cartilage cell
     Reside in a space called the lacuna
     Isogenous cell group
     Basophilic
     Clear areas = Golgi and lipid
    droplets
    CHONDROCYTE
     Chondrocytes completely fill their
    lacunae
     RER and euchromatic nuclei
     Synthetically active, secrete matrix
     Synthesize type II collagen,
    proteoglycans and chondronectin. N
    RER

    Cartilage matrix
    MATRIX
     Provides the rigidity, elasticity, &
    resilience
     FIBERS
     Collagenous and elastic

     GROUND SUBSTANCE
     Glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin
    sulfates & keratan sulfate)
     Proteoglycans
     Water

     Basophilic
     Territorial matrix
     Interterritorial matrix
    CARTILAGE GROWTH
     Interstitial
     Newly formed cartilage grows
    by multiplication of cells
    throughout its substance.

     Appositional
     Addition of new cartilage over
    the surface of existing cartilage.
    TYPES OF CARTILAGE

     HYALINE

     ELASTIC

     FIBROUS
    CARTILAGE: LOCATIONS
    HYALINE CARTILAGE
     Sites: Tracheal rings, nasal septum,
    larynx, costal cartilage & articular
    surfaces of joints

     Cartilage cells: Present singly or in


    groups of 2 or 4 cells inside lacunae

     Cartilage Matrix: Collagen type II

     Ground substance: Homogenous,


    clearly basophilic

     Functions: supportive
    ELASTIC CARTILAGE
     Sites: Auricle, ext. auditory meatus,
    auditory tube, epiglottis, apices of arytenoid
    cartilage

     Cartilage cells: larger, more


    numerous, packed more closely
     Cartilage Matrix: elastic fibres,
    collagen type II
     Ground substance: Rich in
    elastic fibres
     Functions: supportive with resilience
     Elastic fibers stain with orcein.
    FIBROCARTILAGE
     Sites: intervertebral discs, arytenoid
    cartilage (except apices), pubic symphysis,
    manubriosternal joint, articular disc of TM
    joint.
     Cartilage cells: fewer, smaller, scattered
    singly or in rows

     Cartilage Matrix: collagen type I


    & II
     Ground substance: acidophilic
     Functions: supportive with tensile
    strength

    Intervertebral disc
    CLINICAL
    APPLICATION
    Osteoarthritis

    Pseudoachondroplasia
    BONE
     Modified connective tissue
     Highly vascular mineralized connective tissue consisting
    of cells and dense intercellular organic matrix
    impregnated with inorganic salts.
     Provide support & protection to the vital organs
     Forms skeletal framework
    COMPOSITION
     Cells:
    a.Osteogenic cells
    b.Osteoblasts
    c. Osteocytes
    d.Osteoclasts

    • Fibers: collagen type I

    • Ground Substance: Proteoglycans & glycoproteins


    The matrix
    of bone is a
    mixture of
    organic
    (collagen)
    and
    inorganic
    (calcium
    phosphate)

    90% of bone
    is matrix,
    with the
    remaining
    10% made of
    osteocytes.
    Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
    Lamellar arrangement
    · Lamellae
    · Rings around the
    central canal
    · Sites of lacunae

    · Lacunae
    · Cavities containing
    bone cells
    (osteocytes)
    · Arranged in
    concentric rings
    Lamellar arrangement
    · Canaliculi
    · Tiny canals
    · Radiate from
    the central
    canal to
    lacunae
    · Form a
    transport
    system
    COMPACT BONE

     The morphofunctional
    unit of the bone is
    osteon, or Haversian
    system.

     Lamellar pattern of
    compact bone:
    i. Haversian system
    ii.Interstitial lamellae
    iii.Circumferential lamellae
    T.S. through compact bone

    ‘Haversian
    Systems’
    Dark spots are called ‘lacunae’ and
    would contain osteocytes in living
    bone

    Central canal
    containing an
    artery, vein,
    lymph vessel
    and nerves
    What happens when excessive bending
    force compresses the bone…!
    c
    o
    m
    p
    r force
    e
    s
    s
    i
    o
    n
    CLINICAL APPLICATION

     Scurvy
     Rickets
     Osteomalacia
     Osteoporosis
     Osteogenesis imperfecta

     Pseudoachondroplasia
    SAVE YOUR BONES
    TAKE HOME MESSAGE

     Aerobic exercises
     Low impact, weight bearing exercises
     Resistance exercises
    REFERENCES
    1. diFiore’s Atlas of Histology with functional Correlations, 12 th Edition.

    2. Essentials of Anatomy for Dentistry Students,1st Edition.

    3. Textbook of Histology, 3rd Edition.


    MCQ
    • Fibrous cartilage is present in:

    1. Auricle
    2. Nose
    3. Tracheal rings
    4. Intervertebral discs
    Label the following

    B
    C

    Don’t confuse this picture with the Liver Lobule!


    MCQ
    • Elastic cartilage is present in:

    1. Apices of arytenoid cartilage


    2. Epiphysis
    3. Tracheal rings
    4. Temporomandibular joints
    MCQ
    • Hyaline cartilage is present in:

    1. Tracheal rings
    2. External auditory meatus
    3. Semilunar cartilages of knee joint
    4. Intervertebral discs
    MCQ
     The blood vessels and nerves go inside the compact bone through:

    1. Haversian canal
    2. Volkman’s canal
    3. Canaliculi
    4. Interstitial lamellae

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