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    Digestion Lec Autosaved

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    Noor Farhan

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    Digestion Lec Autosaved

    Uploaded by

    Noor Farhan
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    Digestion-Lec-Autosaved

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    3 views16 pages

    Digestion Lec Autosaved

    Uploaded by

    Noor Farhan

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Physiology of Digestion and

    Absorption
    By
    Dr. Govand Sh Tawfeeq
    Physiology II
    1st Lecture
    Sat. 3/2/2024
    Overview of the Digestive System
    The Digestive System Consists of :
    a) Long hollow muscular tube or canal or tract called
    gastrointestinal tract or (GIT):
    ◦ it is about 5 meters long
    b) Accessory glands: include:
    ◦ Salivary glands
    ◦ Liver and gall bladder
    ◦ Pancreas
    Overview of the Digestive System

    • Oral cavity or mouth


    • Pharynx
    • Esophagus
    • Stomach
    • Small intestine
    • Large intestine
    • Rectum
    • Anus
    Main Functions of Digestive Tract
    • 4 major activities of GI tract
    1. Motility
    • Propel ingested food from mouth toward rectum
    2. Secretion of juices e.g. saliva
    • Aid in digestion and absorption
    3. Digestion
    • Food broken down into absorbable molecules
    4. Absorption
    • Nutrients, electrolytes, and water are absorbed or
    transported from lumen of GIT to blood stream
    Motor Functions (Motility) of GIT
    Motility of the GIT
    1. Motility in the mouth
    2 types :
    a) Chewing or Mastication:
    • It is reflex in nature
    Significance:
    1. Breaks the food into small pieces to be easily swallowed
    2. Expose food to salivary amylase enzyme, which begins digestion of
    starch
    3. Help digestion of all types of food especially cellulose containing
    food e.g. vegetables
    Motility of the GIT

    b) Swallowing:
    Definition:
    Swallowing is the transport of food
    from mouth to stomach
    Steps:
    It consists of 3 phases or steps :
    1) Buccal Phase: food is pushed
    back into pharynx from mouth
    b) Motility of the GIT
    Swallowing:
    2) Pharyngeal
    Phase: food pass
    through pharynx to
    esophagus
    b) Motility of the GIT
    Swallowing
    :
    3) Oesophageal
    Phase: food pass
    through
    esophagus to
    stomach by
    peristaltic
    movements
    Motility of GIT
    2. Motility of Esophagus

    • The esophagus is 25 cm.


    • It is guarded by 2 sphincters :
    1. Upper esophageal sphincter
    prevents air from entering the GIT
    2. Lower esophageal sphincter
    prevents gastric contents from re-
    entering the esophagus from the
    stomach.
    Motility of GIT
    3. Motility of Stomach
    • The stomach consists of fundus, body and
    pylorus
    • Proximal area (fundus and body) has a thin
    wall and contracts weakly and infrequently →
    holds large volumes of food (to store food)
    because of receptive relaxation
    • Distal area (pylorus) has thick wall with strong
    and frequent peristaltic contractions that mix
    and propel food into the duodenum.
    • Also, distal area is responsible for gastric
    emptying into duodenum
    Motility of GIT
    3. Motility of stomach

    Gastric peristalsis
    Thank You

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