Bandhara Irrigation

Bandhara
Irrigation
CONTENTS
• What is Bandhara Irrigation ?

• Types of Bandhara Irrigation
• Site selection Criteria for Bandhara Irrigation
• Component parts of Bandhara Irrigation
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
What is Bandhara Irrigation ?
• It is a minor irrigation scheme in which direct irrigation is practiced.

• It is a masonry diversion weir of small height generally 1.2 to 4.5
m constructed across the river or stream to raise the water level to feed
the near by canals.
• It is the cheapest & most economical type of irrigation.
• It has been largely practiced in Pune, Nasik, Dhule & Jalgaon districts.
• It provides supplementary irrigation for Kharif &Rabi crops during the
deficiency of rains.
• The irrigating capacity of each bandhara may vary from 500 – 2000
hectors.
Types of Bandhara Irrigation
• Solid Bandhara Irrigation

• Open Bandhara Irrigation
Solid Bandhara Irrigation
• This type of bandhara is constructed to raise the level of water on the upstream
side. Where sufficient openings are kept so that there is no afflux will be
generated.
• Masonry piers are constructed with grooves at regular intervals of 2m.
• Needles are placed in grooves which are provided in piers, which are made of
either masonry, stone, or concrete.
• The height of solid bandhara may vary from 2.5m to 3.5m with shutters
provided on top of that, and without shutters it may vary from 1.5m to 2.5m.
• Flood water can not be controlled in this bandhara.
• This will act as a solid wear and help to store water after the monsoon mainly.
Solid Bandhara Irrigation
Open Bandhara Irrigation
• This type of bandhara is constructed to raise the level on the upstream side and is mostly
constructed in the Kolhapur district and water can be diverted through a canal on both sides
of the bank.
• It will act as a fully open weir and it comprises several piers with holes or groves in that
where needles can be added.
• Needles are added across the piers to gain a required height of the weir.
• We can change the height of the weir as we needed by adding or removing the needles.
• During floods, needles are removed to avoid the flood situation.
• The size of needles is 15cm high, 5cm thick, 2m in length.
• These needles should be changed after every 5 years.
Open Bandhara Irrigation
Site selection Criteria for Bandhara Irrigation
• Site should be nearer to the area to be irrigated.
• It should be below the junction of more than one stream so a good supply of water will be always there.
• River or stream on which the bandhara will construct should be perennial so a fixed water supply is there.
• Construction of bandhara especially solid needs to have a good foundation.
• It should be upstream of steep slop so the water will easily flow down.
• Site should have a direct approach straight to the river so the canal can be constructed on both side banks.
• Cost of bandhara has to be very economical.
• Site should be in surrounding of the area which needs to be irrigated let's say any natural within 5km.
• Deep excavation should be avoided for the canal on the sides of the banks.
• Less cultivated area can be submerged on the upstream side.
• Canal taking off from bandhara should not obstruct any natural drainage across their path.
Component parts of Bandhara Irrigation
Scour Hole:
• These are the holes of diameter 20 to 50 cm at a height of 30 to 50 cm above river bed across
the solid wall.
• The main purpose of this holes are heavy & coarse silt passes through these holes to the
downstream side. These holes are closed after rainy season is over.
The Screen Wall & Outlet:
• It is the wall constructed on upstream side of bandhara at an angle of 90° to 120º with outlet
located in this wall with a steel gate which can be operated from the top of wall.
• The sill of opening is kept 0.3 m below FSL.
Component parts of Bandhara Irrigation
The Flood Bank:
• These are earth embankment.
• These flood bank protect the fields on outside of bandhara from drowning under the back
water created by bandhara.
Off taking Canal:
• The canal starts from the outlet in the screen wall.
• The side wall on the right side of this canal is colled lining of wall & has its top above the
downstream H.F. L. so that downstream flood water may not enter the canal.
Advantages
• It is a very economical irrigation system.
• Area surrounding where irrigation is needed is compact so
irrigation done will be very effective with this weir.
• Surrounding area is very near to the weir so the canal is of short
length so transition loss of water is less and it also affects the
intensive irrigation.
• Small catchment area covered in weir so wastage of will be
utilized fully.
• Sometimes no more construction is needed big stone or simple
wall also work as bandhara to store the water on the upstream side.
Disadvantages
• Because of compact irrigation areas sometimes more
water is available which is not used so it will remain
unutilized.
• Water supply will be not fixed if its source is from a
non-perennial river.
• More than one bandhara is a construction stream than
people on the downstream side are adversely affected.

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Bandhara

• What is Bandhara Irrigation ?

• It is a minor irrigation scheme in which direct irrigation is practiced.

• Solid Bandhara Irrigation

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