BETEL LEAVES (PIPER BETEL) AS AN

ANTIFUNGAL WATER SOLUTION

A R E LLA N O , H A N N A H M H A E T.

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INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The 2021 World Wa te r De ve lopme nt R e port, publis he d by UNESC O, s ta te s tha t fre s hwa te r us e ha s
grown by a round 1% pe r ye a r s inc e the 1980s a nd ha s expa nde d s ix-fold ove r the pa s t 100 ye a rs . Wa t e r
qua li ty i s ha ving s e rious proble ms as a re s ult of ris ing wa te r us e . The e nvi ronme nt ha s be e n de gra de d
a nd pol lute d a s a res ult of indus tria liz a tion, a gric ultura l production, a nd urba n life . This ha s a
ne ga ti ve impa ct on the vita l wa ter bodies (rive rs a nd oc ea ns ), whic h in turn ha s a ne ga tive i mpa c t on
huma n he a lth a nd long-term s oc ia l deve lopme nt. Pipe r be tle c onta ins nume rous phytoc he mi c a l s
de pe ndi ng on its bota nic al origin a nd the s olve nt us e d for e xtra c tion. A pre li mina ry phytoc he mic a l
a nalys i s of be te l le a ve s from Ma la ys ia s howe d tha t a lka loids , ta nnins , glyc os ide s , re duc ing s uga rs , a nd
s a ponins we re found in the wa ter e xtra c t of be te l le a ve s . M ore ove r, a s tudy de te rmine d the tota l
c onte nt of phe nol, fla vonoid, a nd ta nnin with a ntifunga l and a ntiba c te ria l e ffe c ts (PubM e d C e ntra l,
2021).
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
G e n e ra l O b je c t iv e s :
Th is a im s to te s t t h e p o te n tia l a n d e ffe c tiv e n e s s o f B e te l Le a v e s (Pip e r b e tle
L. ) Ex tra c t a s a n A n ti fu n g a l Wa te r Pu rifie r So lu tio n .
Sp e c ific O b je c ti v e s
1 . Is b e te l le a v e s m o re e ff e c tiv e in in h ib itin g th e g ro w th o f fu n g i in c o n ta m in a te d
w a te r s o u rc e s c o m p a r e d t o c o m m e rc ia l w a te r so lu tio n ?
2 . Is th e B e te l l e a v e s s o lu ti o n e ffe c tiv e in p u rify in g w a te r in te rm s o f:
a . p re se n c e o f f u n g i
b . tre a tm e n t tim e /n o . o f d a y s
3 . Is th e re a sig n if ic a n t d i ff e r e n c e b e tw e e n th e tre a tm e n t in te rm s o f:
a . p re se n c e o f f u n g i
b . tre a tm e n t tim e /n o . o f d a y s
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Th is stu d y i s s i g n i fi c a n t fo r s t u d e n t s a n d y o u n g p e o p l e b e c a u s e
it en a b l e t h e m t o a c q u i re n e w, i n -d e p t h k n o w l e d g e ,
co mp reh en s i o n , a n d a n a l y s i s o f t h e w o rl d a ro u n d t h e m. Wh e n w e
p ro p erly a n d t h o ro u g h l y a n a l y z e a n y s u b j e c t , w e a re a b l e t o
ac q u ire n e w a b i l i t i e s a n d v i e w p o i n t s , w h i c h l e a d s t o t h e
d ev elo p me n t o f n e w k n o w l e d g e a n d fru i t fu l o u t c o me s .
Fu rth ermo re , t h i s re s e a rc h w i l l s u p p o rt y o u n g p e o p l e ’s
c re a t i v i t y a n d i n n o v a t i o n .
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

T h is stu d y e n t it le d “ Be te l L e a v e s ( Pip e r b e tl e ) E x t r a c t a s a n
An tifu n g a l Wa t e r Pu r if ie r So lu tio n ” wa s c o n d u c te d in N a g u i li a n
Na tio n a l H ig h Sc h o o l A n n e x Ca m p u s. T h e m a te r ia ls w e r e g a th e r e d a t
Or tiz , Na g u il ia n , L a U n io n .

T h is stu d y h a s t wo p h a se s: Ph a se o n e , th e p r o d u c t io n o f b e t e l
le a v e s e x t r a c t a s w a te r p u rif ie r so lu tio n , a n d Ph a se t w o , t h e t e sti n g
o f th e e ff e c t iv e n e ss o f b e te l le a v e s a s w a te r p u r if ie r so lu t io n .
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Re c e nt re se a rc h i ndi ca t e s t ha t t he a nt i bac t e ri a l qua li t i e s of bet e l l e a f e xt ra c t m a ke i t
pot e nt i a l l y use ful as a na t ura l wa t e r puri fi e r. When use d a s a wa t e r puri fi e r i n sol ut i on
form , be t e l l e af e xtrac t ha s powe rful a nt i funga l a c ti vi t i e s. Re duc e d funga l
c ont a m i na t i on wa s se e n i n t he t re a t ed wa t e r, si gni fi ca nt l y ra i si ng i t s ove ra l l qua l i t y. A
sol ut i on c ont a i ni ng t he e xt ra ct a nd an a ppl ic a t i on t o di sc ha rge i t i nt o t he wa t e r sourc e
i s how be t e l le a f e xt ra c t i s use d to puri fy wa t e r. Be t e l le a ve s ha ve a num be r of l i t t l e -
known a dva nt a ge s t ha t a re fre que nt ly disre ga rde d i n t he ma gni fi c e nt a rra y of fol i a ge .
T hough ra re l y c onnec t e d t o uses suc h a s wa t e r fi l tra t i on, t he se l e a ve s—whi c h
ori gi na t e from a vi ne i n t he Pi pe ra c e ae fa mi l y—ha ve l ong be e n va l ue d for t he i r
t he ra pe ut i c qua l i t i es i n ma ny c ul t ure s. Thi s i s an a rea t ha t warra nt s furt he r
i nve st i ga t i on. To be gin wi t h, be t e l le a ve s are a powe rful a nt i oxi da nt sourc e . T hi s
c ha ra c t e ri st i c c a n be use d to effe c t i ve ly fi lt e r wat e r by sc a ve ngi ng a ny fre e ra di c a l s
t ha t m a y be pre se nt .(PubMe d Ce nt ra l , 2021).
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The use of plant parts in purifying water has been used in different
studies around the w orld and this made the researchers look for plants that can
purify water. Fiber, protein, and other antimicrobial properties of plants are
some of the properties needed to purify water. The purpose of this s tudy is to
test the effectiveness of the plant Betel leaves in purifying water.

RESEARCH DESIGN
T he study, Betel L eav es ( P iper betle) E x tr act as an A ntif u ngal Water P ur if ier
S olution, is an exper im ental typ e of r esear ch. T he exp er im ental type of r esear ch
design w as u sed to m ake an eff ective f or m ulation of Betel leaves to pur if y water.
T his study has tw o p hases: P hase o ne, the p r o ductio n of b etel leaves extr act as w ater
pur if ier solution, and P hase tw o, the testin g of the eff ectiv eness of betel leaves as
w ater pur ifier solutio n. T her e ar e 3 tr eatm ents: Tr eatm ent 1, 2. 5 ml extr act,
Tr eatment 2, 5 m l extr act, an d Tr eatm ent 3, 10 m l extr act.
FLOWCHART OF THE PROCEDURE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
. Res u l t . Bas e i n t h e c h a rt (Ta b l e 1 ) a b o v e , Tr ea t m e n t 3 p er fo rm e d
s i g n i fi ca n t l y b e t t e r t h a n a l l o t h er t re a t m e n t s . T 3 al s o s h o wed t h e l ea s t
re a c t i v i t y a n d p ro d u c ed t h e l o n g e s t -l a s t i n g p o s i t i v e e ff e ct s . Th e s e fi n d i n g s
s u g g e s t t h at T1 ' s me c h a n i s ms o f ac t i o n effe c t i v e l y t a rg et t h e p o l l u t an t s o f
c o n c ern o r p ro mo t e t h e wa t e r i t s e l f. Tre a t m e n t 3 s h o we d p e rf o rm a n c e m o re
i n l i n e wi t h T1 t h an T2 , e v e n i f Tre at m en t 1 d i d n o t r ea c h t h e s am e d e g re e
o f e ffi c a cy as t re a t me n t 2 . In s h o rt , T3 i s t h e m o s t effe c t i v e t re a t m e n t .
Di s cu s s i o n . Th ere are t wo p o s i t i v e i m p a ct s :

Imp ro v ed Wa t e r Qu a l i t y : Be t e l l e av e s n a t u ra l a d s o rp t i v e q u a l i t i e s a p p e a r t o
a i d i n t h e e ffe ct i v e re mo v a l o f fu n g i i n wa t e r. Th i s p h en o m e n o n i s m o s t
l i k e l y ca u s ed b y t h e p h y s i ca l a d s o rp t i o n o f o rg a n i c m o l e c u l e s o n t o t h e
s u rfa c e o f Bet e l l ea v e s , wh i ch res u l t s i n a c o n s i d e ra b l e re d u c t i o n i n t h e i r
c o n c en t ra t i o n i n t re at ed wa t e r.

Co s t -Effe ct i v e n es s an d Fe as i b i l i t y : Be t e l Le av es , a n e as i l y a v a i l a b l e a n d
n a t u ra l l y o cc u rri n g p l a n t m at e ri al , o ff er s a p o t e n t i al l y c o s t -e ffe c t i v e
a l t e rn a t i v e t o t ra d i t i o n al wa t e r s o l u t i o n t re a t m e n t p ro c e d u re s . Th e b r o ad
a v a i l a b i l i t y an d l o w co s t o f Be t e l , a s co m p a re d t o s o m e c o m m e rc i a l l y
p ro d u ce d t rea t me n t c h e mi c a l s , may h a v e a c o n s i d er ab l e i m p ac t o n t h e
e co n o mi c s u s t a i n a b i l i t y o f t h i s t ec h n i q u e.
CONCLUSION
T his wo r k contr ibutes to a m or e su stainable f utur e in w astew ater management by
opening the do or f or the po ten tially f r u itf ul use of Betel L eaves E xtr act as an
A ntif ungal Water S olu tion tr eatm ent techn ology. P ar ticular ly, Tr eatment 3
demonstr ated no table eff icacy in low er ing f ungu s contam in ation. T his indicates that
betelhas natur al abilities to f ind an d destr oy d anger ous m icr oorganisms in w ater. I n
addition, com p ar ed to Tr eatm ent 1, Tr eatm ent 2 sh ow n po sitive per f or mance that
w as closer to T 3 . T h is ind icates th at f u tu r e r esear cher s may be able to impr ove the
tr eatment' s ov er all eff icacy.

By using mo r e betel leaves in w ater f ilter in g, the am ou nt of ar tif icial chemicals

lef t behind af ter pr ocessing m ight be gr eatly d ecr eased, low er ing the envir onmental
impact of the pr ocess. A dd itionally, this innovation m ay be especially impor tant in
under developed places w h er e typ ical w ater tr eatm ent in f r astr uctur e is either
unavailable or too expensive to co nstr u ct an d oper ate and access to clean w ater is
scar ce.
PHOTODOCUMENTATION
THANK YOU
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