Inbound 4090092832542403666

CHAPTER 3
EARLY CONTRACTS WITH

NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
(900-1400 A.D)
Presented by: GARRY SOLIS AND GRACE OCADO

• The Philippines' early contacts with its neighbors have been
historically understudied due to limited written sources.
However, recent discoveries of material evidence and new
documentary sources have shed light on this topic. Oral and
cultural evidence suggest that the Philippines had trade and
cultural exchanges with Asian and Southeast Asian
neighbors. Despite being a scattered island-group, the early
Filipinos actively participated in trade and commerce,
enriching their economic life and culture before the arrival of
Western influences.
Early Trade Routes and Contacts
– - Ancient Filipinos were expert seafarers and boat builders. Those were used to travel
far and wide to trade with nearby Southeast and East Asian neighbors.
- The Philippines had outside trade contacts, and along these, varied cultural exchanges
took place.
- Filipino historians and archeologists believe the Filipino-Chinese trade contacts began
around the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty (618-906 A.D.)
- They site as evidence the Tang stonewares that were found in the Babuyan Islands, along
the coasts of Ilocos, Pangasinan, Mindoro, Batangas, Manila, Bohol, Cebu, Jolo, Cagayan
de Oro.
Arab Trade Routes in Southeast Asian
– Arab traders relocated to the Malay Peninsula where they sought an alternative
route starting from Malacca and passing through Borneo and the Philippines to
reach Taiwan
– They continued to carry Southeast Asian goods to the Western world using this
southern route. They also carried Philippines goods on board Arab ships to the
Chinese mainland through Canton
– So keen was the competition that the Arab ships carried non- Chinese goods
amounting to 20-40% of the total cargo. This lasted up to the Javanese or
Madjapahit period (1337-1478)
Economic and Cultural Exchanges
– Between 900 and 1200 A.D., a group of people called Orang Dampuan from Southern Annam (Vietnam),
established trading posts in Sulu. A flourishing trade developed between Champa (Annamese Kingdom) and
the people of Sulu who were called Buranun. This trade proved favorable to the Orang Dampuans. In a fit of
jealopusy, the Buranuns massacred some Orang Dampuans causing the others to fell and return to Champa.
It was not until the 13th century that they would return to Sulu to trade peacefully once more.
Chinese traders competed with the Arabs

Sung porcelain
Chao Jukua’s Chu fan-chi (1225)
8th century : type of currency in the form of barter rings
12th century: gold coins (piloncitos)
THE COMING OF ISLAM
– The coming of Islam to various regions, including Southeast Asia, was a significant
historical process marked by cultural and religious exchanges through trade routes and
interactions between different civilizations. Islam's spread was facilitated by Arab traders
and travelers who introduced the religion to new regions. The adoption of Islam in
Southeast Asia was influenced by trade networks and interactions with Muslim
merchants, leading to the gradual acceptance and integration of Islamic beliefs and
practices into local cultures. The spread of Islam through trade routes contributed to the
cultural enrichment and religious transformation of societies, fostering a blend of diverse
traditions and beliefs across regions.
Source: Aku Seni dan Budaya: The Coming of Islam

TEACHING OF ISLAM
– Islam's teachings encompass a wide range of beliefs and practices that guide
the lives of Muslims. The central teachings of Islam revolve around the oneness
of God, known as Allah, and the importance of submission to His will. The
teachings emphasize monotheism, with a strong focus on prayer, charity, fasting,
pilgrimage, and declaring the faith in one God and the finality of the Prophet
Muhammad. The religion also stresses the importance of morality, ethics, and
social justice. The teachings of Islam aim to cultivate a strong relationship with
God, foster community cohesion, and promote virtuous behavior in all aspects of
life.
THE SULTANATE
– The Sultanate in the Philippines represented a significant shift from the smaller and
decentralized barangays of the non-Muslim ancient Filipinos. The Sultanate was
characterized by a larger territory governed through a centralized system of officials, with the
Sultan holding the highest authority. The Sultan typically had royal or Arab ancestry, lending
legitimacy to their rule. The administration of the Sultanate included the Ruma Bichara, a
council of elders composed of datus, and panglimas who served as teachers. Other key
officials in the Sultanate included the Wazir (first minister or datu), Maja Rajah (customs
chief), Rajah Laut (chief of the seas), and the Qadi (chief interpreter of Muslim traditions and
laws, overseeing the Muslim court known as the Shariah). This hierarchical structure of
governance and administration in the Sultanate aimed to maintain order, uphold Islamic
principles, and ensure the smooth functioning of the state.
Thank you for your
listening

Inbound 4090092832542403666

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inbound 4090092832542403666

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inbound 4090092832542403666

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 3

EARLY CONTRACTS WITH

Presented by: GARRY SOLIS AND GRACE OCADO

Chinese traders competed with the Arabs

Source: Aku Seni dan Budaya: The Coming of Islam

You might also like