JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF PRE-ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING
CBTP PHASE I
DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
A CASE: JIREN KEBELE, JIMMA TOWN
 INTRODUCTION
Community based training program /CBTP/ is part of
community-based education (CBE) which is performed in
different phases. In this program the first phase among the
other is done by first year students.
BACKGROUND OF CBTP
CBTP is established with Jimma University in 1983 as one of
the strategies of community-based education which is given
in all departments in the University.
 BACKGROUND OF JIREN

• It is one of the kebeles from the 13 kebele

found in jimma special zone which is found
346km southwest of Addis Ababa. It also known
as kebele 08. It is surrounded by

From North by Qujo Muja

From South and West by Ginjo

From East by Morrowwaa

MAP OF JIREN KEBELE
 The general objective of CBTP

To give the students the experience of living and

working with the community by asking questions and
exchanging ideas.
To know what the problems of the community are as
far as our field of study is concerned.
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Identifying means of livelihood of the people.
Determining the population distribution and basic
social demographic characteristic like age, sex,
religion, educational status, occupation status,
marital status.
To collect, organize, analyze and interpret data.
To allocate health organization, infrastructure and
small-scale industries.
 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Questioners
Interviews
Direct observation
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This CBTP program is available method of data collection

from the community in order to identify the problems.
The data collected is to be organized and analysis for
future in policy making action plan drafting and a
reference for development level of regions.
 LIMITATION FROM STUDENT
Some students are unable to give attention to the program
Few students are unable to use their time properly in the field
Unable to interact with the community due to language
barrier
LIMITATION FROM UNIVERSITY
Short period allocation for data collection.
Unable to give brief and clear awareness to the student
& communities.
Repetition of data collection by different groups at same
kebeles.
Unable to interact with the society practically.
 LIMITATION OF THE COMMUNITY
Many individuals can’t understand the aim and goal of this
CBTP program because of lack of awareness. They conceive
it as valueless.
Unwillingness of some individuals to tell exact information
(hiding information).
Boredom due to repetition every year which converts into
unwillingness to co-operate
DATA COLLECTION IN THE
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

AGE DISTRIBUTION

Age distribution

10%

26%
13%

19% 32.08%

0-15 16-30 31-45 46-60 >60

3.1.2 SEX DISTRIBUTION

Sex distribution

46.16% 53.84%

male female
Level of education Frequency (%)
primary school 16
secondary school 14
high school 9
Diploma 7
Degree 11
no education 21
 Martial status

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
unmarried married divorced

frequency precent
 Occupational status
persentage

30.00% 12

25.00% 26% 10

20.00% 8

17%
15.00% 6
15%

10.00% 4
10%
9%

5.00% 2
5% 1% 5% 5%
4%
3%
0.00% 0
er r rd en
t
bo
r d ife an
t an or d
rm he a ye w ci na
t ire
fa a c gu ud la
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o
se ch hn
i
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ho m t ec t
un en
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g
 Religion distribution

5% muslim
orthodox
33%
protestant
62%
 Housing
Housing describes the general feature, characteristics,
structure, composition and distribution of houses in
general.
Ownership of the house
 Governmental (kebele house)
Private
ownership of houses
Rental
11.11% 5.56%

83.33%

private rental kebele house

Types of house Frequency Percentage
Blocked 4 11.11%
Wooden 29 80.56%
Brick 3 8.33%

Types of roof Number of houses Percentage (%)

Corrugated iron sheet 34 94.44%

Terracotta (brick type) 1 2.78%

Hutched(grass) 1 2.78%

Total 36 100%
 Table shows type of ceiling
Types of ceiling Frequency 5.57%
Chip wood 2 5.55%
Plastic fiber 14 38.88%
Ceiling made of garment 9 25%
No ceiling 11 30.55%

Types of wall Number of houses Percentage

HCB 2 5.55%

Brick 7 19.45%

wooden 27 75%

Table shows types of wall

 WALL FINISH
70.00%
60.00% 58.33%

50.00%
40.00% 33.33%
30.00%
20.00% percentage
10.00% 2.78% 5.56%
0.00%
ed ed il ing
t er so sh
in st or i
p a
pl
a d fin
an
d ly Mu no
ed on
r
s te
P la
 Types of floor
This describes structures and compositions of the floor of
the house. Floor can be constructed from concrete, brick,
wooden, mud or soil and others.

Types of floor

8.33% 25.00%

5.56%

61.11%

concrete brick mud(soil) wooden

 Types of floor finish
A finish floor also known as floor covering is the top layer
of flooring. In other words, it is the layer that you walk on, and
it is typically quite decorative layer compared to the layers
of flooring beneath it .

Types of floor finish Number of houses Percentage

Marble 3 8.33%

Terrazzo 1 2.78%

Cement render 15 41.67%

Mud and soil 17 47.22%

Table shows types of floor finish

 Type of the foundation
This describes the structural composition of the
base of the house. The base of the house is
made up of either stone masonry or concrete.

Types of foundation Number of houses Percent (%)

Stone masonry 17 47.22%

Concrete 3 8.33%

No foundation 16 44.45%
 Latrine availability
Latrine is a place where the person used for excretion
purpose.

Types of latrine Number of houses Percentage

Pit latrine 15 41.66%

Ventilator improved pit 13 36.11%

Water carriage type 2 5.55%

No latrine 6 16.68%
 The place of disposing refuse
According to our survey on 36 houses in jiren
most of them use pit method of disposing
refuse.

Dispose refuse Number of houses Percentage

Pit 26 72.22%

Open filled 10 22.78%

Municipality service 0 0%
 Drainage disposal system
Most of the people of jiren kebele have a bad
experience regarding with a drainage disposal
system since most them avoid their Drainage
disposal in open field.

Sewage disposal Number of house Percentage

system

Septic tank 1 2.78%

Open filled 22 61.11%
To river 1 2.78%
Open ditch 12 33.33%
 VENTILATION METHOD
According to the data we obtained, all 36 houses have doors and
windows to let air inside. Even though we couldn’t find any air
conditioning systems or any other ventilation systems, we can
say that windows and doors are common in the area.

VENTILATION SYSTEM

100%
90%
80%
percentage
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Door Window
 13Availability of kitchen
Kitchen is a place of cooking food by using
energy sources like kerosene, charcoal, wood,
electricity etc
Types of kitchen Number of houses Percentage

Wooden 20 72.4%

electricity 9 27.6%
 Cleanness of houses in jiren
In this section we will try to judge the overall qualitative
aspect of the houses in this kebele.

Cleanness of house Number of houses Percentage

Fair 17 47.22%

Good 17 47.22%

Bad 2 5.56%

Total 36 100%
 Maintenance requirement of houses

Maintenance Number of houses Percentage (%)

requirement

Good 13 36.11%
Fair 16 44.44%
Poor 4 11.11%
need maintenances 3 8.34%
Total 36 100%
WATER SUPPLY & SANITARY SYSTEM
AND SITUATION
According to the data we obtained from the 36
houses, the main source of water supply in
the Jiren kebele is pipe.

MAIN SOURCE OF WAT ER SUPPLY

20

15
19
10

5
8 6
3
0
yard tap pipe public stand well
NUMBER OF HOUSES
 AVAILABILTY OF WELL
As we previously mentioned, out of the 36 houses we conducted
our survey in six houses were found to use a well as its main
water supply/source.
The average level of water in the well in rainy and dry seasons
respectively come close to 11 meters and 9 meters.
The well is not lined which is why we could not specify the
lining materials used.
The average distance of the well from the houses is found to
be 6 meters while its distance from the toilet and the kitchen are
15 meters and 7 meters respectively.
The method of withdrawal of water from the well was rope
and pulley also bucket.
The well has been disinfected several times.
The average elevation of the well with respect to the toilet
was16to 3 meters.
TRANSPORTAION AND COMMUNICATION

Mode of transport
Most of jiren people use either animal-driven cart or vehicle
(public/private). Most individuals use both depending on
which one is more convenient for them. A few only use
vehicles frequently which are public (also known as Bajaj or
tax) which conveys that public vehicles are common around
the area.

Animal driven cart Vehicles

2 Public Private

33 1
Type of access road from the houses to the
main road
In the jiren Kebele, we only observed two types
of access roads to the houses from the main
roads which are gravel road and footpath.

*gravel
o a d h
ve lr t p a t
a o
gr Fo
 CONDITIONS OF THE ROAD

Conditions of the No. of houses Percentage

road
Good 13 36.1%
Fair 16 44.4%
Poor 7 19.4%
No road 0 0%
 Drainage, path hole and defects on the road
When we conducted this survey we observed that there is a
shortage of open ditches on the road which resulted in wetness
of the road. This implies that the drainage of the road is not in
good condition.

Availability of bridges and street lights

According to the observations we made, there are no street/traffic
lights available along the sides of the road.
 Telecommunication

COMMINICATION METHODS

30
28
25
20
15
10
5 5
3
0 FIXED-LINE MOBILE BOTH
NUMBER OF HOUSE
 BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENTS AND SMALL SCALE
INDUSTRY

Health institutions in the vicinity

There are some health institutions in the community but most
of the people get service from the jimma general hospital
which is around four kilometer away from jiren kebele.

Handicapped person in the community.

In our survey we did not get a handicapped person in jiren kebele
Non functional biomedical equipment in the house
There is no biomedical equipment which is malfunctioned.
 Availability of small scale industry in the community
In our survey we notice that there is no large scale industry but
there is small scale industry like.
furniture ,wood work . The sources of finance is mostly
micro finance
 personal saving

Availability of raw materials and used

Raw material that is often used in this furniture area is mostly timber

The main problems are

inadequate finance, electric power and lack of work place.
Effort to improve agricultural tools and products
The government is making an effort to improve agricultural
sector since agriculture is the backbone of economy of the
country. So, some fertilizers are being provided by
governments to the farmers

Level of awareness of the community to biogas

technology

People in jiren kebele have a enough awareness of biogas but they do

not access it.
 CONCLUSION

As we observed and obtained from Jiren community we

were able to conclude that:
 Our data indicated that the skilled labor is greater than
the unskilled labor. Also, the age distribution is very
wide in range and the dominating one is the age
between 16 – 30.
 The level of education from our studies indicate that
the community is still undereducated or the people
around the area do not have formal education. In
addition, we understood that the dominating
occupation is farmer.
 The housing is mostly private and made up of wood and mud.
Majority of the houses have stone masonry foundation.

Most source of water is yard tap though some people still use wells.
 The road in that area is very eroded and rutting. The most
dominating transportation is public taxis. The telecommunication is
mobile phones.
8.2 RECOMMENDATION
 The government should assist the community with the basic tools
to facilitate infrastructure, construction of roads, proper water
supply, sanitation and public latrine systems and so on.

 Some private/non-governmental organizations should also take

part in aiding the community with the basic tools to make the
conditions of the area better.

 Jimma city administration should take into account that

recreational centers like TV halls, parks and so on are important
to a particular community and should assist the people in
constructing them.

 Generally, Jimma University should be in the community assisting

and solving the society’s problems in cooperation with the
administrative and the community itself