Chapter 6-2

The most important aspect of any research is the
presentation of the research findings.

The readability of the report enhances the value of the
research activity undertaken.
The formal report follows a well- delineated and relatively
long format.
The research report contains several components or
elements.
In general, these are three parts:

• The preliminary pages
• The body of the report
• The appended sections/ Annexes or Appendixes
The preliminary pages (Prefatory items):
• Prefatory materials do not have a direct
bearing on the research report.
• They assist the reader in using the
research report.
• These includes
• The cover page and title page
• Declaration
• Approval sheets
• Acknowledgements
• Table of contents
• List of tables
• List of figures
• Abbreviations or glossary of technical words
used in the report
• Abstract or summary of the entire report
The preliminary pages (Prefatory items): NOTE:
• all these are to written on separate

pages and with appropriate capital
letters and centering the entire text on
the page.
• The title should include four items, the
tile of the report, the date, for whom
and by whom the report was prepared.
• A satisfactory title should be brief, the
type of relationship between the
variables and the population to which
the results may be applied.
Table of contents page:
• S. No Contents Page. No
• 1. Acknowledgements i.
• 2. List of tables iv
• List of Tables:
• S. No Table Page. No
• 1. Age Distribution 10
• 2. Spatial Distribution 80
• List of Figures:
• S. No Figure Page. No
• 1. Description (of the fig in precise words) Fig.1
20
Abstract / synopsis (Executive summary):
• It is a short summary.
• The size of the abstract varies form as few as
fifty words to as large as a full page.
• For the les interested reader they tell what is
in the report.
• It should exist following the list of figures on
the separate page. Information to be
included in a summary is:
• Brief statement of the problem
• Objectives of the study
• Method and procedures of data collection and
analysis
• Major findings but recommendations are not
included.
b. The body of the research
report:
• This includes:
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Methodology
• Findings (Results and
Discussions)
• Summary and
• Conclusions and
recommendations
The introduction section
Normally contains several major

subsections.
Patterns vary, • Background of the study

but one • The problem
common • Research Objectives
model • Hypothesis
consists of • The scope and limitations.
three parts • Organization of the paper
as:
The problem statement:
The statement of
problem usually
In the background,
comes first and The background
the researcher
contains three parts information leads to
should introduce the
namely, the a statement of the
major variables and
background, the specific problem,
relate them to
problem statement which the research
previous research
itself and the addresses.
and theory.
hypothesis/research
gap.
Research Objectives:
• The research objectives address the purpose of
the project.
• These objectives may be research questions
and associated investigative questions.
• In correlational or causal studies, the
hypothesis statements are included.
Background of the study:
• It may be the preliminary results of
exploration from an experience survey,
focus group, or another source.
• It could also be secondary data from the
literature review. Background material
may be placed before the problem
statement or after the research
objectives.
• If it is composed of primarily of literature
review and related research, it should
follow the objectives.
• If it contains information pertinent to the
management problem or the situation that
led to the study, it can be placed before
the problem statement.
Scope and limitations:
• Some people ignore the matter, feeling that
mentioning limitations detracts from the
impact of the study.
• Such an attitude is unprofessional and borders
on the unethical part of the researcher.
• An even-headed approach is needed in which
the readers are aided in judging the validity of
the results.
• The limitations in the present report may be
further investigated in future research.
ii. Literature review:
• Those secondary sources of information that
supports the statement of the problem and
objectives are mentioned here.
• Review of literature should be taken from
empirical studies by researchers in the similar
field of study.
• Certain concepts or models or theories that
supports the relevant study can also be
incorporated in this section.
iii. Methodology:
• comprises the following parts.
• Description of the study area/ Background of the
organization
• Research design and Approach
• Sampling frame and sample
• Sampling design
• Method of Data collection and Data analysis
• Model specification and explanation of variables
• Validity and reliability
iv. Findings and
Discussions:
• This is generally the longest section of the
report.
• It is an organized presentation of the results.
• The objective is an exposition of what the data
says rather than drawing interpretations or
conclusions.
• In the discussion section, the researcher
presents what interpretations he/she can draw
from the data collected and gives the reader of
the report an unambiguous interpretation.
• This should be done as simple as possible with
the help of graphs, charts, and tables.
v. Summary and conclusions
Recommendations:
• The summary is
• a brief statement of the essential findings.
• conclusions
• represent inferences drawn from the findings.
• recommendations
• This involves suggested future actions.
• In academic research the are likely to be for further
study to test, deepen or broaden understanding in
the subject area.
• In applied research for decision making, for
managerial actions rather than research actions.
C. The Appended section:
• This includes appendix and bibliography:
• Appendix:
• complex tables, statistical tests supporting
documents, copies of forms used (questionnaires)
detailed description of methodology, instructions to
filed works and nay other evident that may be
important.
• Bibliography:
• There should be a bibliographic section if the study
makes heavy use of secondary material.
• It should contain all the works, which the
researcher has consulted.
• It should be arranged alphabetically.
• In the text citations in the report it could be at
the middle or end of a sentence (author’s
name, year of publication; page numbers if
any Ex: Keynes, 1936: p.450)

Chapter 6-2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6-2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6-2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The most important aspect of any research is the

presentation of the research findings.

In general, these are three parts:

• all these are to written on separate

Normally contains several major

Patterns vary, • Background of the study

You might also like