Work Measurement PPT at BEC DOMS
Work Measurement PPT at BEC DOMS
Work Measurement PPT at BEC DOMS
Outline
LABOR STANDARDS AND WORK MEASUREMENT HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE TIME-STUDIES PREDETERMINED TIME STANDARDS WORK SAMPLING
Learning Objectives
When you complete this supplement, you should be able to : Identify or Define:
Four ways of establishing labor standards
Describe or Explain:
Requirements for good labor standards Time study Predetermined time standards Work sampling
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Historical Experience
Relatively easy, convenient, and inexpensive Not objective, unknown accuracy
Not recommended
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Time Studies
Labor standards are based on observing worker doing task
Observe only a sample of work Use average time & pace to set standard
Disadvantages
Requires a trained & experienced analyst Standard cannot be set before task is performed
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Compute the average observed cycle time (element times adjusted for unusual influences)
Sum the normal times for each element to develop a total normal time for the task Compute the standard time:
Standard time = Total normal time 1- Allowance factor
Allowances
Personal time allowance - 4% - 7% of total time - use of restroom, water fountain, etc. Delay allowance - based upon actual delays that occur Fatigue allowance - to compensate for physical or mental strain, noise level, tediousness, heat and humidity, assumption of an abnormal position, etc.10
2.Variable allowances:
(A) Standing allowance .. (B) Abnormal position 2 (I) Awkward (bending) . (ii) Very awkward (lying, stretching) 7 .. (C) Use of force or muscular energy in lifting, pulling, pushing Weight lifted (pounds) 3 20 9 40. 17 60.
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h = accuracy level desired as percent of job element, expressed as a decimal (5% = 0.05) z = number of standard deviations required for the desired level of confidence s = standard deviation of the initial sample x = mean of the initial sample
Note : s !
x x
i
n 1
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Common z values
Desired Confidence Level (%)
90.11 95.00 95.45 99.11 99.73
99.0
Z Value
1.65 1.96 2.00 2.58 3.00
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Average element time * Perf. Rating Total normal time = 1 - Allowance factor
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Advantages
Times established in laboratory setting Useful for planning tasks Widely accepted by unions
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Hand in
Motion A 1.6 2.3 3.5 B 1.6 2.3 2.7 1 TMU = .0006 minutes
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A Reach to object in fixed location. B Reach to object in variable locations. C Reach to object jumbled with others.
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Work Sampling
Labor standard is set using output and % of time worker spends on tasks Involves observing worker at random times over a long period Advantages
Less expensive than time studies Observer requires little training
Disadvantages
Ineffective with short cycles
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Work Sampling
Used for
Ratio delay studies Setting labor standards Measuring worker performance
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Standard Time =
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