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    Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Technical and Vocational Education

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    deepshikhasharma230191
    This document discusses electrical transients and circuit analysis. It covers topics like source-free RL and RC circuits, unit step forcing functions, RLC circuits, complex frequency, and Laplace transform techniques. Key points include the natural and forced responses of circuits to step inputs, definitions of overdamped, underdamped and critically damped responses in RLC circuits, and using complex frequency representation in the frequency domain to analyze circuits.

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    Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Technical and Vocational Education

    Uploaded by

    deepshikhasharma230191
    45 views17 pages
    This document discusses electrical transients and circuit analysis. It covers topics like source-free RL and RC circuits, unit step forcing functions, RLC circuits, complex frequency, and Laplace transform techniques. Key points include the natural and forced responses of circuits to step inputs, definitions of overdamped, underdamped and critically damped responses in RLC circuits, and using complex frequency representation in the frequency domain to analyze circuits.

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    EP3032_ET

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    This document discusses electrical transients and circuit analysis. It covers topics like source-free RL and RC circuits, unit step forcing functions, RLC circuits, complex frequency, and Laplace transform techniques. Key points include the natural and forced responses of circuits to step inputs, definitions of overdamped, underdamped and critically damped responses in RLC circuits, and using complex frequency representation in the frequency domain to analyze circuits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    45 views17 pages

    Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Technical and Vocational Education

    Uploaded by

    deepshikhasharma230191
    This document discusses electrical transients and circuit analysis. It covers topics like source-free RL and RC circuits, unit step forcing functions, RLC circuits, complex frequency, and Laplace transform techniques. Key points include the natural and forced responses of circuits to step inputs, definitions of overdamped, underdamped and critically damped responses in RLC circuits, and using complex frequency representation in the frequency domain to analyze circuits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    1

    MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY



    DEPARTMENT OF
    TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
    EP 3032
    ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT
    B.Tech (First Year)
    Electrical Power Engineering
    2
    Electrical Transient

    Source Free RL and RC Circuits
    The Application of the Unit-Step Forcing Function
    The RLC Circuit
    Complex Frequency
    Frequency Response
    State-Variable Analysis
    Fourier Analysis
    Fourier Transforms
    Laplace Transform Techniques
    3
    Source Free RL and RC Circuits

    1. Inductor
    Short Circuit to dc (at t = 0
    -
    )
    Current Source at t = 0
    +

    i
    L
    (0
    -
    ) = i
    L
    (0
    +
    )
    v
    L
    = L

    e
    L
    = Li
    2

    i
    L
    L

    + v
    L
    -

    Figure 1. Inductor
    dt
    di
    2
    1
    4
    i(t)
    - +
    v
    R
    R L v
    L

    +
    -


    Figure 2 A Series RL Circuit




    5
    2 Capacitor
    Open circuit to dc (t = 0
    -
    )
    Voltage source at (t = 0
    +
    )
    v
    c
    (0
    +
    ) = v
    C
    (0
    -
    )

    i
    C
    (t) = C

    e
    c
    = Cv
    2


    i
    C C



    +
    v
    C -


    Figure 3 Capacitor
    dt
    dv
    2
    1
    6
    i(t)
    +

    C v R


    Figure 4. A parallel RC Circuit
    7
    3. Response (Natural Response)
    i(t) = i(0
    +
    ) e
    t/t
    , t =
    v(t) = v(0
    +
    ) e
    -t/t
    , t = RC


























    0 t t(s)
    Figure 5. Time Versus i/I
    0






    i/I
    0

    R
    L
    8
    5 Switch Operations

    t = 0

    just before the switch changes t < 0 close
    just after the switch changes t > 0 open

    t = 0

    just before the switch changes t < 0 open
    just after the switch changes t > 0 close

    9
    The Application of the Unit-Step Forcing Function
    1.Introduction
    A complete response contains two parts.
    (a) Forced response
    (b) Natural response
    v(t) = v
    f
    + v
    n

    i(t) = i
    f
    + i
    n


    10
    2.The Unit-Step Forcing Function (u)

    u(t) =

    >
    <
    0 t 0,
    0 t 1,

    u(t)

    >
    <
    0 t 1,
    0 t 0,
    u (-t) =
    u(t)
    0 OFF
    u (t + t
    0
    ) =

    >
    <
    0
    0
    t t , 1
    t t 0,
    u
    1
    OFF

    (t + t
    0
    )

    1
    ON
    0
    OFF
    t
    ON t
    1


    0
    t
    0
    ON t
    11

    u (t t
    0
    ) =

    >
    <
    0
    0
    t t , 1
    t t 0,
    (t - t
    0
    )
    u (t
    0
    - t) =

    >
    <
    0
    0
    t t , 0
    t t 1,
    u
    ON t
    OFF

    0
    t
    0
    u
    t
    0

    t
    ON OFF
    (t
    0
    - t )
    0
    12
    i
    L
    (0
    -
    )
    50V 6O 3H
    50u(t) V 2O
    - + i(t)
    3. Determine i(t) for all values of time in the circuit of Figure.

    At t<0 2O
    50V 6O
    i
    L
    (0
    -
    ) = i
    L
    (0+) =50/2 = 25A


    At t >0 2O
    -+




    50V i
    L

    50V 6O 3H
    t = L/R
    = 3/1.5
    = 2S
    R
    eqt
    =2O // 6O

    = 1.5O
    i(t) = i
    n
    + i
    f
    = A e
    -t/t
    + i()

    13
    At t= o 2O
    -+
    i
    L
    50V
    50V
    i(t) = i
    n
    + i
    f

    = Ae
    -t/t
    + 50
    i(0+) = 50+A = 25
    A = -25
    i(t) = 50 -25e
    -0.5t
    (t>0)
    i(t),A
    50
    25
    t(s)
    A sketch of the complete response of i(t)
    6O
    14
    The RLC Circuit
    (1) Over damped (o >e
    0
    )
    (2) Under damped (o< e
    0
    )
    (3) Critically damped (o = e
    0
    )
    Series RLC Circuit

    o = R /2L
    e
    0
    =
    where o = exponential damping coefficient (s-1)
    e
    0
    = resonant frequency (rad/s)

    LC
    1
    Parallel RLC Circuit
    o =
    e
    0
    =
    2RC
    1




    LC
    1
    15
    (1) Overdamped (o > e
    0
    )

    i(t) or v(t) =
    t s
    2
    t s
    2 1
    e A e + A
    1

    s
    1,2
    = - o
    2
    0
    2

    (2) Under damped ( o < e
    0
    )

    i(t) or v(t) = e-
    ot
    (A
    1
    cos e
    d
    t + A
    2
    sin e
    d
    t)
    e
    d
    =
    2 2
    0

    where, e
    d
    = natural resonant frequency (rad/s)
    (3) Critically damped

    v(t) (or) i(t) = e-
    ot
    (A
    1
    t + A
    2
    )
    16
    Complex Frequency
    Complex Frequency (s)
    s = o + j e
    where, o = neper frequency (neper per second)
    e = radian frequency (radian per second)
    Time Domain
    v = Ri
    v = L
    dt
    di
    v =

    }
    idt
    C
    1

    Frequency Domain

    = R

    V

    I
    V
    =j eL
    V
    I
    1
    C je
    =
    Critical Frequency
    (1) Pole frequency ()
    (2) Zero frequency ()
    17
    Euler's Identity e
    j(et + u
    ) = cos (et + u) + j sin (et + u)
    Impedance Admittance
    Z
    R
    = R Y
    R
    = 1/R

    Z
    L
    = sL Y
    L
    = 1/sL

    Z
    C
    =1/sC Y
    C
    = sC
    Gain =
    input
    output
    S
    f
    V
    (s) I
    H =
    where,
    H = Transfer function
    I
    f
    = Forced response
    s
    V
    = Forcing function

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