Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Technical and Vocational Education
Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Technical and Vocational Education
Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Technical and Vocational Education
>
<
0 t 0,
0 t 1,
u(t)
>
<
0 t 1,
0 t 0,
u (-t) =
u(t)
0 OFF
u (t + t
0
) =
>
<
0
0
t t , 1
t t 0,
u
1
OFF
(t + t
0
)
1
ON
0
OFF
t
ON t
1
0
t
0
ON t
11
u (t t
0
) =
>
<
0
0
t t , 1
t t 0,
(t - t
0
)
u (t
0
- t) =
>
<
0
0
t t , 0
t t 1,
u
ON t
OFF
0
t
0
u
t
0
t
ON OFF
(t
0
- t )
0
12
i
L
(0
-
)
50V 6O 3H
50u(t) V 2O
- + i(t)
3. Determine i(t) for all values of time in the circuit of Figure.
At t<0 2O
50V 6O
i
L
(0
-
) = i
L
(0+) =50/2 = 25A
At t >0 2O
-+
50V i
L
50V 6O 3H
t = L/R
= 3/1.5
= 2S
R
eqt
=2O // 6O
= 1.5O
i(t) = i
n
+ i
f
= A e
-t/t
+ i()
13
At t= o 2O
-+
i
L
50V
50V
i(t) = i
n
+ i
f
= Ae
-t/t
+ 50
i(0+) = 50+A = 25
A = -25
i(t) = 50 -25e
-0.5t
(t>0)
i(t),A
50
25
t(s)
A sketch of the complete response of i(t)
6O
14
The RLC Circuit
(1) Over damped (o >e
0
)
(2) Under damped (o< e
0
)
(3) Critically damped (o = e
0
)
Series RLC Circuit
o = R /2L
e
0
=
where o = exponential damping coefficient (s-1)
e
0
= resonant frequency (rad/s)
LC
1
Parallel RLC Circuit
o =
e
0
=
2RC
1
LC
1
15
(1) Overdamped (o > e
0
)
i(t) or v(t) =
t s
2
t s
2 1
e A e + A
1
s
1,2
= - o
2
0
2
(2) Under damped ( o < e
0
)
i(t) or v(t) = e-
ot
(A
1
cos e
d
t + A
2
sin e
d
t)
e
d
=
2 2
0
where, e
d
= natural resonant frequency (rad/s)
(3) Critically damped
v(t) (or) i(t) = e-
ot
(A
1
t + A
2
)
16
Complex Frequency
Complex Frequency (s)
s = o + j e
where, o = neper frequency (neper per second)
e = radian frequency (radian per second)
Time Domain
v = Ri
v = L
dt
di
v =
}
idt
C
1
Frequency Domain
= R
V
I
V
=j eL
V
I
1
C je
=
Critical Frequency
(1) Pole frequency ()
(2) Zero frequency ()
17
Euler's Identity e
j(et + u
) = cos (et + u) + j sin (et + u)
Impedance Admittance
Z
R
= R Y
R
= 1/R
Z
L
= sL Y
L
= 1/sL
Z
C
=1/sC Y
C
= sC
Gain =
input
output
S
f
V
(s) I
H =
where,
H = Transfer function
I
f
= Forced response
s
V
= Forcing function