সাহায্য:উপাত্ত ধরণ

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This page is a translated version of the page Help:Data type and the translation is 3% complete.

উপাত্ত ধরণ সংজ্ঞায়িত করে যে বিবৃতিটি কেমন আচরণ করবে এবং সেগুলো কীরকমের উপাত্ত গ্রহণ করে। বিভিন্ন ধরণের বিবৃতি বিভিন্ন ধরণের বৈশিষ্ট্য ব্যবহার করে, এবং সেগুলো বিভিন্ন ধরণের উপাত্ত ব্যবহার করে। বৈশিষ্ট্য সৃষ্টিকরণের সময় চয়নগুলোর মধ্যে একটি হলো উপাত্ত ধরণ নির্ধারণ করা, এবং একবার নির্ধারণ সম্পন্ন হলে বৈশিষ্ট্যটি সেই উপাত্ত ধরণে সাথে তালাবদ্ধ হয়ে যায়। সেগুলি কীভাবে ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে তার জন্য তাৎপর্য রয়েছে এবং একটি দরকারি বৈশিষ্ট্য সংজ্ঞায়িত করার আগে অবশ্যই কিছু পরিমাণ পরিকল্পনা থাকতে হবে।

বৈশিষ্ট্য সংক্রান্ত কাজের সমন্বয় Wikidata:Property proposal পাতায় ঘটে।

Built-in data types
Data typeNumber of
properties
External identifier৯,১৬৮
Item১,৬৭০
Quantity৬৬১
String৩৩৫
URL১০৯
Commons media file৮৪
Point in time৬৭
Monolingual text৬২
Property২১
Geographic coordinates১০
Tabular data
Geographic shape
Extra data types
Data typeNumber of
properties
Mathematical expression৩৬
Sense১৯
Lexeme১৫
Form১০
Musical Notation

For a list of the properties that currently require each type of data type, see either:

Wikidata has 6 types of entities (Item, Property, Lexeme, Sense, Form and ⧼datatypes-type-wikibase-EntitySchema⧽). For each entity type there exists a same-named data type that can be used to link entities of that type.

Item
Link to an item. (list of properties)
Property
Link to a property. (list of properties)
EntitySchema
Link to an entity schema. (list of properties)

The following data types are primarily meant for statements on Lexemes, which make up the lexicographical data of Wikidata.

Lexeme
Link to a lexeme. (list of properties)
Form
For statements on lexemes that reference forms on other lexemes in order to indicate their relation. (list of properties)
Sense
For statements on lexemes that reference senses on other lexemes. (list of properties)

String-based data types

String

type: string (String)
list of properties: Category:Properties with string-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/string

Chain of characters, numbers and symbols that don't need to be translated into different languages or number formats. A string is not used for calculations.

Examples:
  • B123
  • 90928390-XLE
  • u29238

Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.

Monolingual text

type: monolingualtext (Monolingual text)
list of properties: Category:Properties with monolingualtext-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/monolingualtext

A string that is not translated into other languages. This type of string is defined once and reused in all languages. Typical use is a geographically localized entity name written in the local language, an identifier of some kind, a chemical formula or a Latin scientific name. See Help:Monolingual text languages for information about the language codes available for monolingual text values and how to request support for additional language codes. (Note that monolingual text also implies a single script system, which can make the string somewhat problematic.)

Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.

External identifier

type: external-id (External identifier)
list of properties: Category:Properties with external-id-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/external-id

String that represents an identifier used in an external system. Will display as external link if a formatter URL (P1630) is defined. See: External identifiers.

Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.

URL

type: url (URL)
list of properties: Category:Properties with url-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/url

A generalized "URL" that identifies some kind of external resource, perhaps a link to an external site of some kind, or an identifier used for lookup in some kind of specialized resource.

Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with wmgWikibaseStringLimits in InitialiseSettings.php.

Data types to reference files on Commons

Commons media

type: commonsMedia (Commons media file)
list of properties: Category:Properties with commonsMedia-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/commonsMedia

References to files on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "File" namespace on Commons will be searched for matching entries. These files can be used both to illustrate the concepts in Wikidata and as an actual property value for inclusion on Wikipedia.

Examples:
  • Wikidata-logo.svg

Geographic shape

type: geo-shape (Geographic shape)
list of properties: Category:Properties with geo-shape-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/geo-shape

Reference to map data file on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "Data" namespace on Wikimedia Commons will be searched for matching entries.

Tabular data

type: tabular-data (Tabular data)
list of properties: Category:Properties with tabular-data-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/tabular-data

Reference to tabular data file on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "Data" namespace on Commons will be searched for matching entries.

Data types for specific notations

Mathematical expression

type: math (Mathematical expression)
list of properties: Category:Properties with math-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/math

Formatted string that displays as formula.

Example:

\sqrt{1-e^2} produces:

See w:Help:Displaying a formula for applicable format.

Current limitation: input text can't be queried on Query Service.

Musical Notation

type: musical-notation (Musical Notation)
list of properties: Category:Properties with musical-notation-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/musical-notation

Generated image in .png format that displays a musical score. Values for that data type are strings describing music following LilyPond syntax.

Example:

Value string \relative c' { c d e f | g2 g | a4 a a a | g1 |}, produces
\relative c' { c d e f | g2 g | a4 a a a | g1 |}

Other data types

Quantity

type: quantity (Quantity)
list of properties: Category:Properties with quantity-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/quantity

A Quantity value represents a decimal number, together with information about the uncertainty interval of this number, and a unit of measurement. The attributes are:

  • amount: the quantity's main value
  • lowerBound: the quantity's lower bound (optional)
  • upperBound: the quantity's upper bound (optional)
  • unit: unit of measure item (empty for dimensionless values)

Internally, amount, lower bound and upper bound are strings; positive numbers are stored with a plus sign, though this will not be displayed. The representation of a quantity may not be longer than 127 characters; therefore, the maximal value of a quantity is 10^126-1.

Unit conversion is implemented based on conversion to SI unit (P2370). Most units with that property are normalized in the RDF export for the query service (October 2019).

The normalisation table is readable as a JSON file in the WMF Mediawiki repository.

Examples:
  • 762 (dimensionless)
  • 2500 km (upper and lower bounds are not set, with unit)
  • 1.03 ± 0.02 g (enter as nominal value +/- tolerance, representing a lower and upper bound, with unit). The tolerance is in some cases not shown at Wikipedia, only the nominal value, for example in Wikidata lists produced by the listeria bot.

Time

type: time (Point in time)
list of properties: Category:Properties with time-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/time

This data type stores a date in Gregorian or Julian calendar. See detailed structure.

Examples:
  • 2012
  • 1780-05 (=May 1780)
  • 1833-11-01 (=1st November 1833)

See Help:Dates for more.

Globe coordinate

type: globe-coordinate (Geographic coordinates)
list of properties: Category:Properties with globe-coordinate-datatype -- Special:ListProperties/globe-coordinate

A geographical position given as a latitude-longitude pair (in gms or decimal degrees) for a given "globe" (any stellar body). Globe defaults to "Earth" (globe: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2). A "precision" parameter describes the resolution of the source of the coordinate. Note that the coordinate system is assumed to be "WGS84" (World Geodetic System 1984 (Q11902211)), which may not be suitable for less Earth-like bodies, and this is not configurable.

Currently, the Web UI of Wikidata doesn't expose all parameters of this data type. The value is visualized only as the coordinate, plus an embedded map if the globe is Earth (Q2). The precision can be modified in the edit mode. The globe is not visible, nor editable, in the item view. The full configuration is however visible in the history diff view (example).

When using the Web UI, the value saved will be an exact multiple of the precision chosen.

It is possible to edit the data in full via API. The CLI tool is one way to access the API. In this example Olympus Mons (Q520) is given a coordinate on Mars (Q111) using the globe parameter (used in coordinate location (P625)):

wd ac Q520 P625 '{ "latitude": 18.4, "longitude": 226, "precision": 0.016666666666667, "globe": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q111" }'

The globe.js script adds a UI to set the globe parameter of coordinate location (P625).

Bots such as LocatorBot may detect when the globe parameter of coordinate location (P625) is not set according to located on astronomical body (P376). Adding located on astronomical body (P376) and waiting for a bot to update the coordinate globe is an accepted workaround.

Technical details

In the Wikibase JSON format each value is represented by "datatype": <datatype>, "datavalue": {"type": <type>, "value": ...}, where the representation of the value depends on the type.

In the RDF format data types are represented by the RDF name in the following table prefixed with http://wikiba.se/ontology# (or the wikibase: prefix in case of the RDF dumps). Note that this prefix is also available in the Wikidata query service, so for example ?prop wikibase:propertyType wikibase:String will return all properties of data type String.

NameJSON datatypeRDF nameJSON typeImplemented byLinks
আইটেমwikibase-itemWikibaseItemwikibase-entityidbuilt-inlist, query
বৈশিষ্ট্যwikibase-propertyWikibasePropertywikibase-entityidbuilt-inlist, query
লেক্সিমwikibase-lexemeWikibaseLexemewikibase-entityidWikibaseLexeme (Q28925815)list, query
অর্থwikibase-senseWikibaseSensewikibase-entityidWikibaseLexeme (Q28925815)list, query
রূপwikibase-formWikibaseFormwikibase-entityidWikibaseLexeme (Q28925815)list, query
EntitySchemaentity-schemaEntitySchemawikibase-entityidWikidata Entity Schema (Q73505550)list, query
একভাষিক পাঠ্যmonolingualtextMonolingualtextmonolingualtextbuilt-inlist, query
স্ট্রিংstringStringstringbuilt-inlist, query
বহিঃস্থ শনাক্তকারকexternal-idExternalIdstringbuilt-inlist, query
ইউআরএলurlUrlstringbuilt-inlist, query
কমন্স মিডিয়া ফাইলcommonsMediaCommonsMediastringbuilt-inlist, query
ভৌগোলিক আকৃতিgeo-shapeGeoShapestringbuilt-inlist, query
ছকবদ্ধ উপাত্তtabular-dataTabularDatastringbuilt-inlist, query
গাণিতিক এক্সপ্রেশনmathMathstringMath (Q21677559)list, query
সাঙ্গীতিক স্বরলিপিmusical-notationMusicalNotationstringScore (Q21678392)list, query
পরিমাণquantityQuantityquantitybuilt-inlist, query
সময়ের বিন্দুtimeTimetimebuilt-inlist, query
ভৌগলিক স্থানাঙ্কglobe-coordinateGlobecoordinateglobecoordinatebuilt-inlist, query

Limitations

  • Point in time doesn't support time of day. phab:T57755
  • Quantity doesn't support infinity (Q205), e.g. you cannot state prime number (Q49008)quantity (P1114)infinitely many.

Pending data types

For none of the following dates of implementation are likely to be available. Existing datatypes may solve it in the meantime.

To be done

Duration

time in HH:MM:SS format.

To plan

Calculated property

A property calculated by Wikibase and added directly to items. Not in development plan.

Possible uses: number of statements on the item.

Celestial coordinates

A coordinate format for specifying positions of celestial objects. Not in development plan.

Integer datatype

A quantity datatype for positive integer numbers. This was partially implemented by removing precision and creating integer constraint (Q52848401).

Monostring item

A datatype allowing descriptions in any language, but a single label. Not in development plan.

Current alternatives: lexemes

Alternative that is being evaluated: multilingual label replacing repeated labels

Multilingual text

A string that must be translated into other languages. Use might be an entity name on non-local form, that is translated into various languages and script systems. (Note that multilingual text also imply a lot of manual work during translation.). Actual purpose to be determined.

Multiline text

A string that may contain newlines.

Remote property

Properties in remote repositories are likely to be identified through a special field on existing entities, not a separate datatype.

Value series

A simplified way to store series of values for different points in time. Not in development plan.

Chess

Display strings in FEN notation as in position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (P6648) directly as chessboards.

Hiero

Strings for display with WikiHiero. Strings in WikiHiero syntax are embedded in <hiero></hiero> to display. Samples on Talk:Q68101340 and Property_talk:P7383.

Phab request to do.

Combined human-readable and numeric id

Datatype to add numeric id and page title, e.g. of a MediaWiki page. Qualifier MediaWiki page ID (P9675) is sometimes added to property value with page titles. Some properties use the numeric value directly.

Wikibase statement

Datatype to reference a specific Wikidata statement.

Regular expressions

Datatype to store regular expressions (regex). These are currently stored as strings or monolingual text, e.g. format as a regular expression (P1793), format as language specific regular expression (P8770).

IP address ranges

Datatype to store address ranges and simplify querying them.

Data types that will never be implemented

Boolean

Declined. Suggested alternative: item-datatype.

Changing datatype

A property in "string" datatype may be converted to "external identifier" datatype by a system administrator. To propose such a change, you may start a discussion at the talk page of the property or Project chat. After a consensus, a request may be made in Contact the development team. You should read previous discussion if you want to convert a property created before 2016.

Other changes of data type requires creating a new property and deleting the old one. You should use Properties for deletion for such requests.

See also