Jump to content

Women in Taiwan: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
{{Dead link}} tag on bare URL refs which return HTTP 404 or 410
Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6) (BrownHairedGirl - 9493
Line 8: Line 8:
[[File:台北祭奠復興航空235號班機空難罹難者_(4).jpg|thumb|Young women in Taiwan]]
[[File:台北祭奠復興航空235號班機空難罹難者_(4).jpg|thumb|Young women in Taiwan]]
[[File:Chinese_Bhiksuni_Taiwan_Vesak_Festival.jpeg|thumb|Taiwanese [[bhiksuni]] (Buddhist nun) at a Vesak celebration, serving Oolong tea]]
[[File:Chinese_Bhiksuni_Taiwan_Vesak_Festival.jpeg|thumb|Taiwanese [[bhiksuni]] (Buddhist nun) at a Vesak celebration, serving Oolong tea]]
Throughout the 20th century, married women's rights were severely restricted, but they gradually improved, especially due to legal changes made in the last 20 years (the family law was revised five times between 1996 and 2002).<ref name="nccu.edu.tw">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~hschen/book_summary/2005-isbn8973006320.htm|title=Chen, Hwei-syin〈Changes in Marriage and Family-Related Laws in Taiwan: From Male Dominance to Gender Equality〉|website=www3.nccu.edu.tw|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> In 1895, Taiwan came under Japanese rule and Japanese marriage laws (which discriminated against women) were applied.<ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> After Japan's defeat in 1945, the section of family law from the Civil Law promulgated on the Republican mainland in 1930, came into force in Taiwan, too (family law was later changed in the mainland by the communist regime, but this did not apply to Taiwan).<ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> The 1930 Taiwanese Civil Code provided limited rights to Taiwanese women, such as having no right in deciding their residence, the lack of right to own property, the lack of right to file a divorce, the lack of self-protection, and the lack of right to child custody, and discrimination against illegitimate children.<ref name=HF>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55/002.html ''Taiwanese Women's Rights - Call for HELP''], ''From the Awakening Foundation in Taipei, Taiwan'', hartford-hwp.com, 15 March 1995</ref><ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> The situation of married women improved slightly due to changes made in 1985 and 1996. By 1998, the new regulations had made divorce a little easier, allowed the wife to keep her own property registered in her name before 1985 without proving that she previously owned it; and allowed the judge to consider the [[Best interests|best interest of children]] when evaluating the custody of children in a divorce case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/womenweb/st/98e/e_law.htm|title=The Report on Women's Status in Taiwan, Legal Status|year=1998|website=taiwan.yam.org.tw|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> Yet these changes did not go all the way as to give wives equal rights with husbands, as the continuation of the influence of patriarchal ideology with regards to family matters was maintained: the male still had superiority in decisions related to the wife's residence, disciplinary measures for their offsprings, and managing property.<ref name=Yam>[http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/womenweb/st/98e/e_law.htm ''The Report on Women's Status in Taiwan''], taiwan.yam.org.tw</ref> In 1998, the Domestic Violence Prevention Law<ref>http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/domesticviolence/CHINAtai.dv.98.htm {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> came into force, dealing with [[domestic violence]].<ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> New changes to the family law between 1998 and 2000, provided that the husband and wife's domicile is that which is agreed upon by them, rather than necessarily that of the husband's; and amended the law on legal guardians of a minor.<ref name="nccu.edu.tw1">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~hschen/book_summary/2005-isbn8973006320.htm#Marriage-Related+Law+in+Taiwan+in+the+Last+Two+Decades|title=Chen, Hwei-syin〈Changess in Marriage and Family-Related Laws in Taiwan: From Male Dominance to Gender Equality〉|website=www3.nccu.edu.tw|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> Marriage regulations are currently based on [[gender equality]], being found in ''Chapter II- Marriage'' of the Civil Code (Articles 972 - 1058).<ref name="moj.gov.tw">http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=B0000001</ref>
Throughout the 20th century, married women's rights were severely restricted, but they gradually improved, especially due to legal changes made in the last 20 years (the family law was revised five times between 1996 and 2002).<ref name="nccu.edu.tw">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~hschen/book_summary/2005-isbn8973006320.htm|title=Chen, Hwei-syin〈Changes in Marriage and Family-Related Laws in Taiwan: From Male Dominance to Gender Equality〉|website=www3.nccu.edu.tw|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> In 1895, Taiwan came under Japanese rule and Japanese marriage laws (which discriminated against women) were applied.<ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> After Japan's defeat in 1945, the section of family law from the Civil Law promulgated on the Republican mainland in 1930, came into force in Taiwan, too (family law was later changed in the mainland by the communist regime, but this did not apply to Taiwan).<ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> The 1930 Taiwanese Civil Code provided limited rights to Taiwanese women, such as having no right in deciding their residence, the lack of right to own property, the lack of right to file a divorce, the lack of self-protection, and the lack of right to child custody, and discrimination against illegitimate children.<ref name=HF>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55/002.html ''Taiwanese Women's Rights - Call for HELP''], ''From the Awakening Foundation in Taipei, Taiwan'', hartford-hwp.com, 15 March 1995</ref><ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> The situation of married women improved slightly due to changes made in 1985 and 1996. By 1998, the new regulations had made divorce a little easier, allowed the wife to keep her own property registered in her name before 1985 without proving that she previously owned it; and allowed the judge to consider the [[Best interests|best interest of children]] when evaluating the custody of children in a divorce case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/womenweb/st/98e/e_law.htm|title=The Report on Women's Status in Taiwan, Legal Status|year=1998|website=taiwan.yam.org.tw|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> Yet these changes did not go all the way as to give wives equal rights with husbands, as the continuation of the influence of patriarchal ideology with regards to family matters was maintained: the male still had superiority in decisions related to the wife's residence, disciplinary measures for their offsprings, and managing property.<ref name=Yam>[http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/womenweb/st/98e/e_law.htm ''The Report on Women's Status in Taiwan''], taiwan.yam.org.tw</ref> In 1998, the Domestic Violence Prevention Law<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/domesticviolence/CHINAtai.dv.98.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-05-17 |archive-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828222431/http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/domesticviolence/CHINAtai.dv.98.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> came into force, dealing with [[domestic violence]].<ref name="nccu.edu.tw"/> New changes to the family law between 1998 and 2000, provided that the husband and wife's domicile is that which is agreed upon by them, rather than necessarily that of the husband's; and amended the law on legal guardians of a minor.<ref name="nccu.edu.tw1">{{cite web|url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~hschen/book_summary/2005-isbn8973006320.htm#Marriage-Related+Law+in+Taiwan+in+the+Last+Two+Decades|title=Chen, Hwei-syin〈Changess in Marriage and Family-Related Laws in Taiwan: From Male Dominance to Gender Equality〉|website=www3.nccu.edu.tw|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> Marriage regulations are currently based on [[gender equality]], being found in ''Chapter II- Marriage'' of the Civil Code (Articles 972 - 1058).<ref name="moj.gov.tw">http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=B0000001</ref>
Mothers and fathers now have equal rights towards their children: the original Article 1089 stated that parental rights should be exercised by the father if the father and the mother did not share the same views, but this provision was declared unconstitutional (in contradiction of Article 7 of the Constitution),<ref>''The Legal Culture and System of Taiwan'', by [[Lo Chang-fa]], pp 144</ref> and, as such, Article 1089 was amended to read: "[...] If there is inconsistency between the parents in the exercise of the rights in regard to the grave events of the minor child, they may apply to the court for the decision in accordance with the best interests of the child".<ref name="moj.gov.tw"/> Also, the Article 1019 (which stipulated that only the husband had the right to manage the shared property of a married couple, and had the right to use and receive profits from property that originally belonged to his wife, and not vice versa <ref name="nccu.edu.tw1"/>) was repealed.<ref name="moj.gov.tw"/>
Mothers and fathers now have equal rights towards their children: the original Article 1089 stated that parental rights should be exercised by the father if the father and the mother did not share the same views, but this provision was declared unconstitutional (in contradiction of Article 7 of the Constitution),<ref>''The Legal Culture and System of Taiwan'', by [[Lo Chang-fa]], pp 144</ref> and, as such, Article 1089 was amended to read: "[...] If there is inconsistency between the parents in the exercise of the rights in regard to the grave events of the minor child, they may apply to the court for the decision in accordance with the best interests of the child".<ref name="moj.gov.tw"/> Also, the Article 1019 (which stipulated that only the husband had the right to manage the shared property of a married couple, and had the right to use and receive profits from property that originally belonged to his wife, and not vice versa <ref name="nccu.edu.tw1"/>) was repealed.<ref name="moj.gov.tw"/>


Line 18: Line 18:


==Labour rights==
==Labour rights==
Th Act of Gender Equality in Employment<ref>http://laws.mol.gov.tw/Eng/FLAW/FLAWDAT0201.asp</ref> ensures women's rights in the workforce. It was enacted in 2002 under the name of "Gender Equality in Employment Law of Taiwan", and later was amended and renamed the "Act of Gender Equality in Employment".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.bola.gov.taipei/Default.aspx?Create=1|title=勞動局英文網站|first=Taipei City Government|last=Department of Labor |date=28 December 2012|website=Department of Labor|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>
Th Act of Gender Equality in Employment<ref>http://laws.mol.gov.tw/Eng/FLAW/FLAWDAT0201.asp{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ensures women's rights in the workforce. It was enacted in 2002 under the name of "Gender Equality in Employment Law of Taiwan", and later was amended and renamed the "Act of Gender Equality in Employment".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.bola.gov.taipei/Default.aspx?Create=1|title=勞動局英文網站|first=Taipei City Government|last=Department of Labor |date=28 December 2012|website=Department of Labor|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>


==Sex-selective abortion==
==Sex-selective abortion==
As in other parts of [[East Asia]], [[sex-selective abortion]] is reported to happen in Taiwan.<ref>http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nq3/NANCYS_Yale_Website/resources/papers/LiuLinQian_20130831.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/12/08/2003520201|title=Taiwan's gender balance worsening as more parents abort female fetuses - Taipei Times|website=www.taipeitimes.com|date=8 December 2011|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>
As in other parts of [[East Asia]], [[sex-selective abortion]] is reported to happen in Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nq3/NANCYS_Yale_Website/resources/papers/LiuLinQian_20130831.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-05-21 |archive-date=2016-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804213528/http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nq3/NANCYS_Yale_Website/resources/papers/LiuLinQian_20130831.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/12/08/2003520201|title=Taiwan's gender balance worsening as more parents abort female fetuses - Taipei Times|website=www.taipeitimes.com|date=8 December 2011|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=10.1086/682685|title=Abortion Legalization, Sex Selection, and Female University Enrollment in Taiwan|first=Priti|last=Kalsi|date=22 April 2018|journal=Economic Development and Cultural Change|volume=64|issue=1|pages=163–185|doi=10.1086/682685|s2cid=155213182}}</ref> The Department of Health has taken measures to curb this practice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2011/05/16/302521/DOH-to.htm|title=The China Post|website=The China Post|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=10.1086/682685|title=Abortion Legalization, Sex Selection, and Female University Enrollment in Taiwan|first=Priti|last=Kalsi|date=22 April 2018|journal=Economic Development and Cultural Change|volume=64|issue=1|pages=163–185|doi=10.1086/682685|s2cid=155213182}}</ref> The Department of Health has taken measures to curb this practice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2011/05/16/302521/DOH-to.htm|title=The China Post|website=The China Post|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>


Line 44: Line 44:
*Kung Lydia. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=u0vxE2IRLzMC&dq=Women+in+Taiwan&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=WReFoGk0bH&sig=m81VaoQsoMc5lRVtCFo8O6mvr64 ''Factory women in Taiwan''], books.google.com
*Kung Lydia. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=u0vxE2IRLzMC&dq=Women+in+Taiwan&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=WReFoGk0bH&sig=m81VaoQsoMc5lRVtCFo8O6mvr64 ''Factory women in Taiwan''], books.google.com
:*[https://books.google.com/books?id=u0vxE2IRLzMC&dq=Women+in+Taiwan&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''Book Overview''], books.google.com
:*[https://books.google.com/books?id=u0vxE2IRLzMC&dq=Women+in+Taiwan&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''Book Overview''], books.google.com
*Shen, Hsiu-Hua. [http://www.uta.edu/accounting/faculty/tsay/feb28wom.htm ''Women's February 28 Political Massacre--Political Widows' Oral History''], uta.edu
*Shen, Hsiu-Hua. [http://www.uta.edu/accounting/faculty/tsay/feb28wom.htm ''Women's February 28 Political Massacre--Political Widows' Oral History''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104110824/http://www.uta.edu/accounting/faculty/tsay/feb28wom.htm |date=2017-01-04 }}, uta.edu
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/49/abstract ''Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Taiwan: Comparison between women born in Taiwan and other southeast countries''], biomedcentral.com
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/49/abstract ''Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Taiwan: Comparison between women born in Taiwan and other southeast countries''], biomedcentral.com
*Wolf, Margery. [https://www.amazon.com/Women-Family-Rural-Taiwan-Margery/dp/0804708495 ''Women and the Family in Rural Taiwan''], amazon.com
*Wolf, Margery. [https://www.amazon.com/Women-Family-Rural-Taiwan-Margery/dp/0804708495 ''Women and the Family in Rural Taiwan''], amazon.com

Revision as of 18:24, 16 February 2022

Tsai Ing-wen, elected as president of Taiwan in 2016
Part of a series on
Women in society
Venus symbol
Society
Popular culture
Sports
See also: List of sports
By country

The status of women in Taiwan has been based on and affected by the traditional patriarchal views and social structure within Taiwanese society, which put women in a subordinate position to men, although the legal status of Taiwanese women has improved in recent years, particularly during the past two decades when the family law underwent several amendments.

Marriage and family law

Young women in Taiwan
Taiwanese bhiksuni (Buddhist nun) at a Vesak celebration, serving Oolong tea

Throughout the 20th century, married women's rights were severely restricted, but they gradually improved, especially due to legal changes made in the last 20 years (the family law was revised five times between 1996 and 2002).[1] In 1895, Taiwan came under Japanese rule and Japanese marriage laws (which discriminated against women) were applied.[1] After Japan's defeat in 1945, the section of family law from the Civil Law promulgated on the Republican mainland in 1930, came into force in Taiwan, too (family law was later changed in the mainland by the communist regime, but this did not apply to Taiwan).[1] The 1930 Taiwanese Civil Code provided limited rights to Taiwanese women, such as having no right in deciding their residence, the lack of right to own property, the lack of right to file a divorce, the lack of self-protection, and the lack of right to child custody, and discrimination against illegitimate children.[2][1] The situation of married women improved slightly due to changes made in 1985 and 1996. By 1998, the new regulations had made divorce a little easier, allowed the wife to keep her own property registered in her name before 1985 without proving that she previously owned it; and allowed the judge to consider the best interest of children when evaluating the custody of children in a divorce case.[3] Yet these changes did not go all the way as to give wives equal rights with husbands, as the continuation of the influence of patriarchal ideology with regards to family matters was maintained: the male still had superiority in decisions related to the wife's residence, disciplinary measures for their offsprings, and managing property.[4] In 1998, the Domestic Violence Prevention Law[5] came into force, dealing with domestic violence.[1] New changes to the family law between 1998 and 2000, provided that the husband and wife's domicile is that which is agreed upon by them, rather than necessarily that of the husband's; and amended the law on legal guardians of a minor.[6] Marriage regulations are currently based on gender equality, being found in Chapter II- Marriage of the Civil Code (Articles 972 - 1058).[7] Mothers and fathers now have equal rights towards their children: the original Article 1089 stated that parental rights should be exercised by the father if the father and the mother did not share the same views, but this provision was declared unconstitutional (in contradiction of Article 7 of the Constitution),[8] and, as such, Article 1089 was amended to read: "[...] If there is inconsistency between the parents in the exercise of the rights in regard to the grave events of the minor child, they may apply to the court for the decision in accordance with the best interests of the child".[7] Also, the Article 1019 (which stipulated that only the husband had the right to manage the shared property of a married couple, and had the right to use and receive profits from property that originally belonged to his wife, and not vice versa [6]) was repealed.[7]

Constitutional protections

Women's rights are protected in the Constitution of Taiwan: Article 7 states: "All citizens of the Republic of China, irrespective of sex, religion, race, class, or party affiliation, shall be equal before the law".[9] The Additional Article 10, section 6 reads: The State shall protect the dignity of women, safeguard their personal safety, eliminate sexual discrimination, and further substantive gender equality.[10]

The constitution also protected female candidates in elections. In Article 134 states: "In the various kinds of election, quotas of successful candidates shall be assigned to women; methods of implementation shall be prescribed by law".[11]

Labour rights

Th Act of Gender Equality in Employment[12] ensures women's rights in the workforce. It was enacted in 2002 under the name of "Gender Equality in Employment Law of Taiwan", and later was amended and renamed the "Act of Gender Equality in Employment".[13]

Sex-selective abortion

As in other parts of East Asia, sex-selective abortion is reported to happen in Taiwan.[14][15] [16] The Department of Health has taken measures to curb this practice.[17]

Sex trafficking

Main article: Sex trafficking in Taiwan

Taiwanese and foreign women and girls are sex trafficked in Taiwan. They are raped and harmed in brothels, hotel rooms, and other locations throughout the country.[18][19][20][21][22]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Chen, Hwei-syin〈Changes in Marriage and Family-Related Laws in Taiwan: From Male Dominance to Gender Equality〉". www3.nccu.edu.tw. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  2. ^ Taiwanese Women's Rights - Call for HELP, From the Awakening Foundation in Taipei, Taiwan, hartford-hwp.com, 15 March 1995
  3. ^ "The Report on Women's Status in Taiwan, Legal Status". taiwan.yam.org.tw. 1998. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  4. ^ The Report on Women's Status in Taiwan, taiwan.yam.org.tw
  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2016-05-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ a b "Chen, Hwei-syin〈Changess in Marriage and Family-Related Laws in Taiwan: From Male Dominance to Gender Equality〉". www3.nccu.edu.tw. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b c http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=B0000001
  8. ^ The Legal Culture and System of Taiwan, by Lo Chang-fa, pp 144
  9. ^ "Office of the President, ROC (Taiwan)". president.gov.tw. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Office of the President, ROC (Taiwan)". president.gov.tw. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  11. ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of China". The Constitution of the Republic of China.
  12. ^ http://laws.mol.gov.tw/Eng/FLAW/FLAWDAT0201.asp[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ Department of Labor, Taipei City Government (28 December 2012). "勞動局英文網站". Department of Labor. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  14. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2016-05-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ "Taiwan's gender balance worsening as more parents abort female fetuses - Taipei Times". www.taipeitimes.com. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  16. ^ Kalsi, Priti (22 April 2018). "Abortion Legalization, Sex Selection, and Female University Enrollment in Taiwan". Economic Development and Cultural Change. 64 (1): 163–185. doi:10.1086/682685. JSTOR 10.1086/682685. S2CID 155213182.
  17. ^ "The China Post". The China Post. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  18. ^ "Sex trafficking ring busted, Vietnamese women rescued". Focus Taiwan. November 18, 2019.
  19. ^ "Taiwan News: 7 Human Trafficking Suspects Arrested in Missing Vietnamese Case". The News Lens. January 22, 2019.
  20. ^ "How migrant workers become human trafficking victims in Taiwan". AP Migration. August 3, 2015.
  21. ^ "Taiwanese trafficking victim who escaped POGO sex den comes forward". philstar. February 12, 2020.
  22. ^ "Taiwan's human trafficking issue". Taipei Times. November 26, 2006.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Women of Taiwan.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Taiwan&oldid=1072250971"