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Jonava

Coordinates: 55°4′20″N 24°16′50″E / 55.07222°N 24.28056°E / 55.07222; 24.28056
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Jonava
City
Panorama of Jonava
Church of St. Anne and its belfry
Church of St. James the Apostle
The former Trinitarians Monastery
Jonava City Council Building and Abraomas Kulvietis Monument
Jonava Regional Museum
Jonava Beach
Flag of Jonava
Flag
Coat of arms of Jonava
Coat of arms
Official logo of Jonava
Brandmark
Nickname(s): 
Jonų ir Janinų sostinė
(The capital of Jonai and Janinos)[1]
Jonava is located in Lithuania
Jonava
Jonava
Location of Jonava in Lithuania
Jonava is located in Baltic states
Jonava
Jonava
Location of Jonava within the Baltics
Jonava is located in Europe
Jonava
Jonava
Location of Jonava in Europe
Coordinates: 55°4′20″N 24°16′50″E / 55.07222°N 24.28056°E / 55.07222; 24.28056
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionAukštaitija
County Kaunas County
MunicipalityJonava district municipality
EldershipJonava City Eldership
Capital ofJonava district municipality
Jonava town eldership
First mentioned1740
Granted city rights1864
Area
 • Total
13.6682 km2 (5.2773 sq mi)
Elevation
65 m (213 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
26,423
 • Density1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Jonavan(s) (English)
jonaviečiai (Lithuanian)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
55xxx
Websitejonava.lt

Jonava (pronunciationⓘ) is the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of c. 30,000.[2][3][4] It is located in Kaunas County in central Lithuania, 30 km (19 mi) north east of Kaunas, the second-largest city in Lithuania.[3] It is served by Kaunas International Airport. Achema, the largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states, is located nearby the city.[3]

The city is sometimes called "the capital of midsummer holiday" (Lithuanian: Joninės).[5][6] Thousands of locals and visitors annually celebrate the midsummer festival in Jonava.[7] Each year during the midsummer holiday Jonava is declared a one-day 'Republic of Johns' (Lithuanian: Jonų Respublika).[8][9][10][11] The Jonava's Republic of Johns has thousands of citizens not only from Lithuania, but also from many foreign countries (e.g. Poland, Croatia, Austria, Mexico, Italy, United States, etc.).[8][9] Only those who provide documents proving that their names are John (Lithuanian: Jonas) or Janina are eligible to apply for the citizenship of the Republic of Johns.[7]

Etymology

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Dominik Kossakowski, the founder of the town of Jonava and the Stalininkas of Samogitia, named the town "Janów" in honour of his father Jan Mikołaj Kossowski when he established the town next to the Skaruliai Manor.[12] In other languages the town is known as: Yiddish: יאָנאווא, romanized: Yonava; Polish: Janów; German: Janau.

History

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Commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the death of Vytautas the Great in Jonava in 1930

Jonava was officially established as a city in the 18th century during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1750, the first wooden church was built in Jonava. In 1778, a beer brewery was operating in the town.[13] Around 1812, Napoleon and his army invaded the town and its surrounding villages. In 1923, Jonava was officially recognised as a city-status settlement and in 1950 it became the centre of the municipality.

The city had a large Jewish population before World War II. In 1893, 92% of the population was Jewish and in 1941 it was 80%. In 1932 there were 250 shops owned by Jewish families, a Jewish bank, 7 synagogues and a Jewish school.[14] During World War II Jonava was attacked by Nazi Germany. A Christian church and five Jewish synagogues were destroyed.[15] The Jews of the city were killed in two massacres, in August and September 1941. A total of 2,108 people were executed by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans and Lithuanian Self-Defence Units.[16] 200 remaining Jews were kept prisoners at the Kaunas ghetto.

After the war, the city built the largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states and Jonava become one of the 4 biggest industrial cities in Lithuania.

Environmental catastrophe

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Pool in Jonava
Janina Miščiukaitė School of Art

An explosion occurred in the chemical fertilizers factory on 20 March 1989, causing a leakage of nearly 7,500 tonnes of liquid ammonia. The catastrophe developed further into a fire within the nitrophosphate facility and fertilizer storehouses polluting the atmosphere with products of their combustion, such as nitrous oxide and chlorine. The toxic cloud drifted towards Ukmergė, Širvintos and Kėdainiai. The concentration of ammonia surpassed the permissible level by a factor of 150 in Upninkai, at 10 km from the disaster site. One day after the accident, a toxic cloud 7 km wide and 50 km long was recorded between Jonava and Kėdainiai. Seven people died during the fire and leakage of ammonia immediately afterward, 29 people became handicapped, and a large number of people suffered from acute respiratory and cardiac attacks. The true extent of damages and health impact from the event is however unknown. What is known is that exposure to ammonia prenatally, especially at a young age can cause serious brain damage.

Administrative divisions

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Jonava is divided into 13 city regions:

  • Senamiestis
  • Girelė
  • Miškų ūkis
  • Paneriai
  • Lietava
  • Lakštingalos
  • Juodmena
  • Geležinkelio stotis
  • Baldininkai
  • Rimkai
  • Kosmonautai
  • Skaruliai
  • Virbalai

Demography

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Population

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According to the 2021 census, the city population was 27,381 people, of which:[17]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1823600—    
18511,560+3.47%
18975,000+2.56%
19045,622+1.69%
19234,115−1.63%
19595,005+0.55%
YearPop.±% p.a.
197014,563+10.20%
197928,413+7.71%
198936,520+2.54%
200134,954−0.36%
201130,777−1.26%
202026,423−1.68%
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011

Sport

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The city has its own "physical culture and sports center" with stadium, swimming pool and indoor arena. It has already been announced that the city is going to build a new large indoor arena "BC Jonava".

Football

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Jonava has 2 soccer teams

  • FK Jonava is playing in the A Lyga – First Football Division of Lithuania
  • FK Jonava B - second team of FK Jonava, playing in the Third Division of Lithuania

Athletics

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The marathon runners sport club Maratonas won 4 medals at Vilnius Marathon.[18]

Basketball

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Jonava has a basketball team, founded in 1969; Jonava SK Malsta playing in the National Basketball League (Nacionalinė Krepšinio Lyga). There is also a women's basketball team called BC Jonava which won bronze medals in the women's Second Basketball Division (Nacionalinė moterų krepšinio lyga).

Volleyball

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Jonava has a strong women's volleyball team Achema-KKSC that playing in the highest league A Grupė. In 2010 Jonava held the international "Alfredas Ogonauskas Memorial Volleyball Championship".[19]

Competitions

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Jonava also hosts some less regular competitions. During the traditional midsummer holiday there was "Jonas's Republic President Cup" of Rally Slalom events.[20] In summer seasons there are some occasional cycling tournaments or cross country competitions.

Education

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Twin towns — sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania

Jonava is twinned with:[21]

Notable residents

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Činkienė, Jurgita. "Jonų ir Janinų sostinė Jonava atšventė savo ir savo piliečių vardadienį (2 video, nuotraukos)". Lrytas.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Lietuvos Statistikos Departmentas". Lietuvos Statistikos Departmentas. Lietuvos Statistikos Departmentas. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ a b c Misius, Kazys; Miškinis, Algimantas. "Jonava". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  4. ^ "Jonava, Lithuania". Council of Europe. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  5. ^ "JKC: Joninės bus kitokios, bet be šventės neliksime". Jonavoszinios.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  6. ^ "Trumpiausia metų naktis ne už kalnų: kur švęsti Jonines?". Rinkosaikste.lt (in Lithuanian). 22 June 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Šalyje švenčiamos Joninės, Jonava pasiskelbė Jonų Respublika". DELFI (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Kviečia Jonų Respublika". Jonava.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Jonų ir Janinų respublika pasiskelbusi Jonava ruošiasi Joninių nakčiai: saugių pramogų netrūks". Lithuanian National Radio and Television (in Lithuanian). 23 June 2021.
  10. ^ "Kaip niekad šventiška Jonų Respublika". Jkc1.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  11. ^ "Jonava skelbiama Jonų Respublika". Baltic News Service (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  12. ^ Vanagas, Aleksandras (2004). Lietuvos miestų vardai (2nd ed.). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. ISBN 5420013541.
  13. ^ "Jonavos rajono istorijos datos". jonbiblioteka.lt.
  14. ^ Travel Lietuva - Jonava
  15. ^ BFL, UAB. "Žydai Lietuvoje - Jonava". www.zydai.lt. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
  16. ^ www.atease.lt, Created atEase. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania". www.holocaustatlas.lt.
  17. ^ "Gyventojų skaičius" [Population]. State Data Agency of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  18. ^ "DANSKE BANK VILNIAUS MARATONAS". www.vilniausmaratonas.lt.
  19. ^ "Savaitgalį Jonavoje tinklinio šventė >> Sportas.info - Lietuvos sporto veidrodis". sportas.info.
  20. ^ "Neegzistuoja - Serveriai.lt". junior.ajags.lt. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  21. ^ "Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas". jonava.lt (in Lithuanian). Jonava. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
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