Reference: Son of God
Easton
The plural, "sons of God," is used (Ge 6:2,4) to denote the pious descendants of Seth. In Job 1:6; 38:7 this name is applied to the angels. Hosea uses the phrase (Job 1:10) to designate the gracious relation in which men stand to God.
In the New Testament this phrase frequently denotes the relation into which we are brought to God by adoption (Ro 8:14,19; 2Co 6:18; Ga 4:5-6; Php 2:15; 1Jo 3:1-2). It occurs thirty-seven times in the New Testament as the distinctive title of our Saviour. He does not bear this title in consequence of his miraculous birth, nor of his incarnation, his resurrection, and exaltation to the Father's right hand. This is a title of nature and not of office. The sonship of Christ denotes his equality with the Father. To call Christ the Son of God is to assert his true and proper divinity. The second Person of the Trinity, because of his eternal relation to the first Person, is the Son of God. He is the Son of God as to his divine nature, while as to his human nature he is the Son of David (Ro 1:3-4. Comp. Ga 4:4; Joh 1:1-14; 5:18-25; 10:30-38, which prove that Christ was the Son of God before his incarnation, and that his claim to this title is a claim of equality with God).
When used with reference to creatures, whether men or angels, this word is always in the plural. In the singular it is always used of the second Person of the Trinity, with the single exception of Lu 3:38, where it is used of Adam.
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the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair, and took unto them wives, which they best liked among them all.
There were tyrants in the world in those days. For after that the children of God had gone in unto the daughters of men and had begotten them children, the same children were the mightiest of the world and men of renown.
And Joshua rose early. And they removed from Shittim, and came to Jordan, both he and all the children of Israel, and sojourned there before they went over. And after three days the officers went throughout the host,
Now upon a time, when the servants of God came and stood before the LORD, Satan came also among them.
Hast thou not preserved him, his house, and all his substance on every side? Hast thou not blessed the work of his hands? Is not his possession increased in the land?
Where wast thou, when the morning stars praised me together, and all the children of God rejoiced triumphantly?
which was the son of Enos: which was the son of Seth: which was the son of Adam: which was the son of God.
In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God: and the word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. read more. All things were made by it, and without it was made no thing, that was made. In it was life; And the life was the light of men; And the light shineth in the darkness, but the darkness comprehended it not. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. The same came as a witness, to bear witness of the light, that all men through him might believe. He was not that light: but to bear witness of the light. That was a true light, which lighteneth all men that come into the world. He was in the world, and the world by him was made: and yet the world knew him not. He came among his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to be the sons of God: in that they believed on his name: which were born not of blood nor of the will of the flesh, nor yet of the will of man: but of God. And the word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw the glory of it, as the glory of the only begotten son of the father, which word was full of grace, and verity.
Therefore the Jews sought the more to kill him, not only because he had broken the Sabbath: but said also that God was his father and made himself equal with God. Then answered Jesus and said unto them, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, The son can do no thing of himself: but that he seeth the father do. For whatsoever he doeth, that doeth the son also. read more. For the father loveth the son, and showeth him all things, whatsoever he himself doeth. And he will show him greater works than these, because ye should marvel. For likewise, as the father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them, even so the son quickeneth whom he will. Neither judgeth the father any man: but hath committed all judgment unto the son, because that all men should honour the son, even as they honour the father. He that honoureth not the son, the same honoureth not the father which hath sent him. Verily, verily I say unto you, He that heareth my words, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life: and shall not come into damnation, but is escaped from death unto life. Verily, verily I say unto you, the time shall come, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the son of God. And they that hear, shall live.
And I and my father are one." Then the Jews again took up stones, to stone him withal. read more. Jesus answered them, "Many good works have I showed you from my father: for which of them will ye stone me?" The Jews answered him saying, "For thy good works' sake we stone thee not: but for thy blasphemy, and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God." Jesus answered them, "Is it not written in your law, 'I have say ye are gods?' If he called them gods unto whom the word of God was spoken - and the scripture cannot be broken - say ye then to him, whom the father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, 'Thou blasphemest, because I said I am the son of God?' If I do not the works of my father, believe me not. But if I do: though ye believe not me, yet believe the works, that ye may know and believe that the father is in me, and I in him."
that make mention of his son, the which was begotten unto him of the seed of David, as pertaining to the flesh: and declared to be the son of God with power of the holy ghost, that sanctifieth, since the time that Jesus Christ our Lord rose again from death:
for as many as are led by the spirit of God: they are the sons of God.
Also, the fervent desire of the creatures abideth looking when the sons of God shall appear;
But when the time was full come, God sent his son - born of a woman, and made bond unto the law - to redeem them which were under the law: that we through election might receive the inheritance that belongeth unto the natural sons. read more. Because ye are sons, God hath sent the spirit of his son into our hearts, which crieth "Abba, father."
that ye may be faultless, and pure, and the sons of God; without rebuke in the midst of a crooked and a perverse nation, among which see that ye shine as lights in the world,
Fausets
Applied in the plural to the godly Seth's descendants (not angels, who "neither marry nor are given in marriage," Lu 20:35-36), "the salt of the earth" heretofore, amidst its growing corruption by the Cainites.(See SETH.) When it lost its savour ("for that he also (even the godly seed) is become flesh" or fleshly) by contracting marriages with the beautiful but ungodly, God's Spirit ceased to strive with man, and judgment fell (Ge 6:2-4). In Job 1:6; 2:4, angels. In Ps 82:6 "gods ... sons of the Highest," i.e. His representatives, exercising, as judges and rulers, His delegated authority. A fortiori, the term applies in a higher sense to "Him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world" (Joh 10:36). Israel the type was Son of God (Ex 4:22-23; Ho 11:1). Faith obeying from the motive of love constitutes men "sons of God" (Jer 3:4; Ho 1:10). Unbelief and disobedience exclude from sonship those who are sons only as to spiritual privileges (De 32:5; Hebrew).
It (the perverse and crooked generation) hath corrupted itself before Him (Isa 1:4), they are not His children but their blemish, i.e. "they cannot be called God's children but the disgrace of God's children" (Ro 9:8; Ga 3:26). The doctrine of regeneration or newborn sonship to God by the Spirit is fully developed in the New Testament (Joh 1:12-13; 3:3,5; 1Jo 3:1-3; Ro 8:15; Ga 4:5-6). The Son of God, Antitype to Israel, is co-equal, co-eternal, co-essential (consubstantial) with the Father; by eternal generation (Col 1:15), "begotten far before every creature" (Greek), therefore not a creature. So Pr 8:22 (Hebrew), "Jehovah begat (qananiy related to Greek gennaoo) Me in the beginning of His way (rather omit "in"; the Son Himself was "the Beginning of His way", "the Beginning of the creation of God", Re 3:14) from everlasting ... or ever the earth was ... I was by Him as One brought up with Him. I was daily His delight, rejoicing always before Him" (Pr 8:22-31; Joh 1:1-3).
The Son was the Archetype from everlasting of that creation which was in due time to be created by Him. His distinct Personality appears in His being "by God ... brought up with God," not a mere attribute; "nursed at His side"; "the only begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father"; to be "honoured as the Father" (Joh 1:18; 5:20). Raised infinitely above angels; "for to which of them saith God, Thou art My Son, this day (there is no yesterday or tomorrow with God, His "today" is eternity from and to everlasting) have I begotten Thee?" and "Thy throne, O God, is forever and ever" (Hebrew 1; Ps 2:7; 45:6-7). His divine Sonship from everlasting was openly manifested by the Father's raising Him from the dead (Ac 13:33; Ro 1:4; Re 1:5). Nebuchadnezzar called Him "the Son of God," unconsciously expressing a truth the significance of which he imperfectly comprehended (Da 3:25).
The Jews might have known Messiah's Godhead from Ps 45:6-7, and Isa 9:6, "a Son ... the mighty God, the Everlasting Father"; (Isa 7:4) Immanuel "God with us"; (Mic 5:2) "whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting." The Scripture-asserted unity of God was their difficulty (De 6:4), and also the palpable woman-sprung humanity of Jesus. Their supposing John the Baptist to be Messiah (Lu 3:15) shows they did not expect Messiah or Christ to be more than man (Mt 22:42-45). To Jesus' question, "what think ye of Christ, whose Son is He?" the Pharisees answered not the Son of God, but "the Son of David," and could not solve the difficulty," how then doth David in the Spirit call Him Lord?" in Psalm 110, "Jehovah said unto my Lord" ('Adonay), etc., i.e. the Lord of David, not in his merely personal capacity, but as Israel's Representative, literal and spiritual. Jesus quotes it "Lord," not "my Lord," because Jehovah addresses Him as Israel's and the church's Lord, not merely David's.
Had the Pharisees believed in Messiah's Godhead they could have answered: As man Messiah was David's son, as God He was David's and the church's Lord. The Sanhedrin unanimously (Mr 14:64) condemned Him to death, not for His claim to Messiahship but to Godhead (Joh 19:7; Lu 22:70-71, "art Thou the Son of God?" etc., Lu 23:1; Mt 26:63-66). So contrary to man's thoughts was this truth that, Jesus says, not flesh and blood, but the Father revealed it to Peter (Mt 16:17). The Jews thrice took up stones to kill Him for blasphemy
(1) in unequivocally claiming God to be peculiarly "His own Father" (idion patera): Joh 5:18. Again,
(2) in claiming divine pre-existence, "before Abraham was created ("began to be", genesthai), I am" (eimi): Joh 8:58-59. And
(3) in saying, "I and the Father are one" (hen, one "essence", not person): Joh 10:30-31,33.
The apostles preached His divine Lordship as well as Messiahship (Ac 2:36). His acknowledged purity of character forbids the possibility of His claiming this, as He certainly did and as the Jews understood Him, if the claim were untrue; He never would have left them under the delusion that He claimed it if delusion it were. But the Jews from De 13:1-11 (some thought Jesus specially meant, "if the son of thy mother entice thee," for He had a human mother, He said, but not a human father) inferred that His miracles, which they could not deny, did not substantiate His claim, and that their duty was to kill with holy zeal One who sought to draw them to worship as divine another beside God. They knew not that He claimed not to be distinct God, but One with the Father, One God; they shut their eyes to De 18:15, etc., and so incurred the there foretold penalty of rejecting Him. His miracles they attributed to Satan's help (Mt 12:24,27; Mr 3:22; Lu 11:15; Joh 7:20; 8:48; Mt 10:25).
Men may commit awful sins in fanatical zeal for God, with the Scriptures in their hands, while following unenlightened conscience; conscience needs to be illuminated by the Spirit, and guided by prayerful search of Scripture. The Jews ought to have searched the Scriptures and then they would have known. Ignorance does not excuse, however it may palliate, blind zeal; they might have known if they would. Yet Jesus interceded for their ignorance (Lu 23:34; Ac 3:17; 13:27). Deniers of Jesus' Godhead on the plea of God's unity copy the Jews, who crucified Him because of His claim to be God. The Ebionites, Cerinthians, and other heretics who denied His Godhead, arose from the ranks of Judaism.
The arguments of the ancient Christian apologists, Justin Martyr, Tertullian, etc., against the Jews, afford admirable arguments against modern Socinians; the Jews sinned against the dimmer light of the Old Testament, Socinians against the broad light of both Old and New Testament The combination in One, the Son of God and the Son of man, was such as no human mind could have devised. The Jews could not ascend to the idea of Christ's divine Sonship, nor descend to the depth of Christ's sufferings as the Son of man; so they invented the figment of two Messiahs to reconcile the seemingly opposite prophecies, those of His transcendent glory and those of His exceeding sufferings. The gospel at once opposes the Jews' false monotheism by declaring Christ to be the coequal Son of God, and the pagan polytheism by declaring the unity of God.
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the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair, and took unto them wives, which they best liked among them all. And the LORD said, "My spirit shall not always strive with man, for they are flesh. Nevertheless I will give them yet space, a hundred and twenty years." read more. There were tyrants in the world in those days. For after that the children of God had gone in unto the daughters of men and had begotten them children, the same children were the mightiest of the world and men of renown.
And tell Pharaoh, 'Thus sayeth the LORD: Israel is mine eldest son, and therefore sayeth unto thee: let my son go, that he may serve me. If thou wilt not let him go: behold, I will slay thine eldest son.'"
Hear, O Israel, the LORD thy God is one LORD only.
If there arise among you a prophet or a dreamer of dreams, and give thee a sign or a wonder - and that sign or wonder which he hath said come to pass - and then say, 'Let us go after strange gods which thou hast not known, and let us serve them': read more. hearken not unto the words of that prophet or dreamer of dreams. For the LORD thy God tempteth you, to wete whether ye love the LORD your God with all your hearts and with all your souls. For ye must walk after the LORD your God and fear him and keep his commandments and hearken unto his voice and serve him and cleave unto him. And that prophet or dreamer of dreams shall die for it, because he hath spoken to turn you away from the LORD your God which brought you out of the land of Egypt and delivered you out of the house of bondage, to thrust thee out of the way which the LORD thy God commanded thee to walk in: and so thou shalt put evil away from thee. If thy brother, the son of thy mother, or thine own son or thy daughter or the wife that lieth in thy bosom or thy friend which is as thine own soul unto thee, entice thee secretly, saying, 'Let us go and serve strange gods which thou hast not known nor yet thy fathers, of the gods of the people which are round about thee, whether they be nigh unto thee or far off from thee, from the one end of the land unto the other': see thou consent not unto him nor hearken unto him. No, let not thine eye pity him nor have compassion on him, nor keep him secret, but cause him to be slain. Thine hand shall be first upon him to kill him; and then the hands of all the people. And thou shalt stone him with stones that he die, because he hath gone about to thrust thee away from the LORD thy God which brought thee out of Egypt, the house of bondage. And all Israel shall hear and fear and shall do no more, and such wickedness as this is, among them.
The LORD thy God will stir up a Prophet among you: even of thy brethren, like unto me, and unto him ye shall hearken
The froward and overthwart generation hath marred themselves to himward, and are not his sons for their deformities' sake.
And Joshua rose early. And they removed from Shittim, and came to Jordan, both he and all the children of Israel, and sojourned there before they went over. And after three days the officers went throughout the host, read more. and commanded the people, saying, "When ye see the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, and the priests that are Levites bearing it: then depart ye from your places and follow after it.
Now upon a time, when the servants of God came and stood before the LORD, Satan came also among them.
Satan answered the LORD, and said, "Skin for skin? Yea, a man will give all that ever he hath, for his life.
As for me, I will preach the law, whereof the LORD hath said unto me, "Thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee.
Thy seat, O God, endureth forever: the scepter of thy kingdom is a right scepter.
Thy seat, O God, endureth forever: the scepter of thy kingdom is a right scepter. Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; wherefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; wherefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
I have said, "Ye are gods, and ye are all the children of the most highest.
"The LORD himself had me in possession in the beginning of his ways, before he began his works afore time.
"The LORD himself had me in possession in the beginning of his ways, before he began his works afore time. I have been ordained from everlasting, and from the beginning before the earth was made. read more. When I was born, there were neither depths nor springs of water. Before the foundations of the mountains were laid, yea before all hills was I born. The earth and all that is upon the earth was not yet made, no not the ground itself. For when he made the heavens, I was present; when he set up the depths in order; when he hanged the clouds above; when he fastened the springs of the deep; When he shut the sea within certain bounds, that the waters should not go over their marks. When he laid the foundations of the earth, I was with him, ordering all things, delighting daily, and rejoicing always before him. As for the round compass of his world, I make it joyful: for my delight is to be among the children of men.
Alas for this sinful nation, which are expert in blasphemies; a seed of ungracious people, corrupt in their ways. They have forsaken the LORD; they have provoked the holy one of Israel unto anger, and are gone backward.
and say unto him, 'Take heed to thyself and be still, but fear not, neither be fainthearted for these two tails: that is, for these two smoking firebrands, the wrath and furiousness of Rezin the Syrian and Remaliah's son.
For unto us a child is born, and unto us a son is given. Upon his shoulders shall the kingdom lie, and he shall be called with his own name, "Wonderful, the giver of counsel, the mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of peace."
Else wouldst thou say unto me, 'O my father, thou art he that hast brought me up, and led me from my youth:
He answered and said, "Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt. And the form of the fourth is like the Son of God."
And though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, which can neither be measured nor told: yet in the place where it is said unto them, 'Ye be not my people': even there shall it be thus reported of them, 'They be the children of the living God.'
When Israel was young, I loved him: and called my son out of the land of Egypt.
And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, art little among the thousands of Judah: Out of thee shall come one, unto me, which shall be the governour in Israel: whose outgoing hath been from the beginning, and from everlasting.
It is enough for the disciple to be as his Master is, and that the servant be as his Lord is. If they have called the Lord of the house Beelzebub: how much more shall they call them of his household so?
But when the Pharisees heard that, they said, "This fellow driveth the devils no other wise out, but by the help of Beelzebub the chief of the devils."
Also, if I, by the help of Beelzebub, cast out devils: by whose help do your children cast them out? Therefore they shall be your judges.
And Jesus answered, and said to him, "Happy art thou, Simon the son of Jonas, for flesh and blood hath not opened unto thee that, but my father which is in heaven.
saying, "What think ye of Christ? Whose son is he?" They said unto him, "The son of David." He said unto them, "How then doth David in spirit call him Lord, saying, read more. 'The Lord said to my Lord, sit on my right hand: till I make thine enemies thy footstool.' If David call him Lord: How is he then his son?"
But Jesus held his peace. And the chief priest answered, and said to him, "I charge thee in the name of the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be Christ the son of God." Jesus said to him, "Thou hast said. Nevertheless I say unto you, hereafter shall ye see the son of man sitting on the righthand of power, and come in the clouds of the sky." read more. Then the high priest rent his clothes saying, "He hath blasphemed: what need we of any more witnesses? Behold, now have ye heard his blasphemy: What think ye?" They answered and said, "He is worthy to die."
And the scribes, which came from Jerusalem, said, "He hath Beelzebub, and by the power of the chief devil, casteth out devils."
Ye have heard the blasphemy, what think ye?" And they all gave sentence that he was worthy of death.
As the people were in a doubt, and all men disputed in their hearts of John: Whether he were very Christ;
But some of them said, "He casteth out devils by the power of Beelzebub, the chief of the devils."
but they which shall be made worthy to enjoy that world, and the resurrection from death, neither marry wives, neither are married, nor yet can die any more. For they are equal unto the angels: and are the sons of God, inasmuch as they are the children of the resurrection.
Then said they all, "Art thou then the son of God?" He said to them, "Ye say that I am." Then said they, "What need we any further witness? We ourselves have heard of his own mouth."
Then said Jesus, "Father forgive them, for they know not what they do." And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.
In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God: and the word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. read more. All things were made by it, and without it was made no thing, that was made.
But as many as received him, to them gave he power to be the sons of God: in that they believed on his name: which were born not of blood nor of the will of the flesh, nor yet of the will of man: but of God.
No man hath seen God at any time. The only begotten son, which is in the father's bosom, hath declared him.
Jesus answered, and said unto him, "Verily, verily I say unto thee: except a man be born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God."
Jesus answered, "Verily, verily I say unto thee: Except that a man be born of water, and of the spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.
Therefore the Jews sought the more to kill him, not only because he had broken the Sabbath: but said also that God was his father and made himself equal with God.
For the father loveth the son, and showeth him all things, whatsoever he himself doeth. And he will show him greater works than these, because ye should marvel.
The people answered and said, "Thou hast the devil. Who goeth about to kill thee?"
Then answered the Jews, and said unto him, "Say we not well that thou art a Samaritan and hast the devil?"
Jesus said unto them, "Verily, verily I say unto you: Yer Abraham was, I am." Then took they up stones, to cast at him. But Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple.
And I and my father are one." Then the Jews again took up stones, to stone him withal.
The Jews answered him saying, "For thy good works' sake we stone thee not: but for thy blasphemy, and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God."
say ye then to him, whom the father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, 'Thou blasphemest, because I said I am the son of God?'
The Jews answered him, "We have a law, and by our law he ought to die: because he made himself the son of God."
So therefore let all the house of Israel know for a surety, that God hath made the same Jesus whom ye have crucified, Lord and Christ."
And now, brethren, I know well that through ignorance ye did it, as did also your heads.
The inhabiters of Jerusalem, and their rulers: because they knew him not, nor yet the voices of the prophets which are read every Sabbath day; they have fulfilled them in condemning him.
God hath now fulfilled unto us their children, in that he raised up Jesus again, even as it is written in the second psalm, 'Thou art my son, this same day begat I thee.'
and declared to be the son of God with power of the holy ghost, that sanctifieth, since the time that Jesus Christ our Lord rose again from death:
For ye have not received the spirit of bondage to fear anymore, but ye have received the spirit of adoption whereby we cry, "Abba father."
that is to say; They which are the children of the flesh, are not the children of God. But the children of promise are counted the seed.
For ye are all the sons of God, by the faith which is in Christ Jesus.
to redeem them which were under the law: that we through election might receive the inheritance that belongeth unto the natural sons. Because ye are sons, God hath sent the spirit of his son into our hearts, which crieth "Abba, father."
which is the image of the invisible God, first begotten of all creatures:
and from Jesus Christ which is a faithful witness, and first begotten of the dead: and Lord over the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood,
"And unto the messenger of the congregation which is in Laodicea write, 'This saith - amen - the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creatures of God.