View source for hun

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "hun"}}
{{minitoc}}
==Translingual==

===Symbol===
{{mul-symbol}}

# {{ISO 639|2&3|hu|Hungarian}}

===See also===
* {{langcat|hu}}

==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/hʌn/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hun3.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌn|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
{{clipping|en|honey}} with [[pronunciation spelling]].

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|informal}} {{alternative spelling of|en|hon|gloss=affectionate abbreviation of ''[[honey]]''}}
# {{lb|en|UK|slang}} A woman perceived as basic, brash, [[working class]] and fond of alcohol.
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/why-everythings-better-when-high-end-hun/|title=They’re glamorous, ageless and British – the rise of the high-end '''hun'''|author=Laura Craik|date=25 January 2023|text=Answer: you are a '''hun''' – but a high-end '''hun''', one who knows her wine, her music, her interiors and her labels, and whose reluctance to do Dry January, or go vegan makes her such great company, this month and every month.|site=The Telegraph}}
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/natalie-cassidy-proud-hun-2959346|text=It’s no wonder she’s become a central figure in “'''hun''' culture” – an online subculture that idolises a certain strata of famous working-class British women, while also taking the mick out of her leopard print kettle and weakness for a premixed gin-in-a-tin cocktail.|title=Natalie Cassidy: ‘I’m very proud to be a '''hun'''’|author=Louis Staples|date=2024-03-29|site=i}}
# {{lb|en|slang}} A woman involved in a [[multi-level marketing]] scheme, especially one who pushes it on [[social media]].
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://metro.co.uk/2019/07/10/hunzoning-trend-sees-going-friend-mlm-member-10138674/|text=This corporate love-bombing can serve a '''hun''' well, bagging them new downlines and potentially more money (MLMs are renowned for extremely low pay).|title=Hunzoning is the trend that sees you going from friend to MLM recruit|author=Jessica Lindsay|date=2019-07-10|site=Metro}}
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mlm-huns-reddit-tiktok-social-media-hate-multi-level-marketing-2023-4|text=Instead of blaming MLM "'''huns'''," we should direct our anger at the companies that are knowingly putting so many people in debt and alienating them from their communities. |title=Why Reddit and TikTok are hating on MLM {{'}}'''huns'''{{'}}|author=Aimee Pearcy|date=2024-04-18|site=Business Insider}}

=====Derived terms=====
* [[hunzone]]

===Etymology 2===
{{short for|en|Hungarian partridge}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[grey partridge]].

===Etymology 3===

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{alt form|en|hoon||Indian gold coin}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=hnu|nuh|unh}}

{{C|en|Fowls}}

==Alemannic German==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|gsw|hund|hunn|hònn||Walser}}
* {{alter|gsw|Hund}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|gsw|gmh|hunt}}, from {{inh|gsw|goh|hunt}}, from {{inh|gsw|gem-pro|*hundaz}}. Cognate with {{cog|de|Hund}}, {{cog|nl|hond}}, {{cog|en|hound}}, {{cog|is|hundur}}.

===Noun===
{{head|gsw|noun|g=m}}

# {{lb|gsw|Formazza}} [[dog]]

===References===
* {{R:Patuzzi}}

{{topics|gsw|Dogs}}

==Breton==

===Noun===
{{br-noun}}

# [[sleep]]

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|ca|LL.|Hunni}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{homophones|ca|un}}

===Noun===
{{ca-noun|m|f=+}}

# [[Hun]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|húnnic}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}

{{C|ca|Tribes}}

==Danish==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|da|non|hón||she}}, from {{inh|da|gmq-pro|*ᚺᚨᚾᚢ}}, the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of {{m|gmq-pro|*ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ}} (= {{cog|da|han||he}}, {{cog|non|hann}}).

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|da|[hun]}}

===Pronoun===
{{head|da|pronoun|objective case|hende|possessive|hendes}}

# {{lb|da|personal}} [[she]]

====See also====
{{Danish personal pronouns}}

====References====
* {{R:DDO|hun,2}}

===Noun===
{{da-noun|stem=hunn|en|er}}

# [[female]], [[she]]

====Declension====
{{da-decl|dc=1|en|er}}

====References====
* {{R:DDO|hun,1}}

{{cln|da|personal pronouns}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɦʏn/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-hun.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|hun}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ʏn|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
Originally a mere spelling variant of {{m|nl|hen}}.<ref>{{R:nl:Etymologiebank|head=hun|passage=In het meervoud van het persoonlijk voornaamwoord voor de 3e persoon bestond deze vorm in het Middelnederlands in diverse varianten, waarvan ''hen'' en ''hun'' de belangrijkste waren. Wrsch. waren dit uitsluitend spellingvarianten van het woord ''/hən/''.}}</ref>

Possessive ''hun'' started replacing {{m|nl|haar|id=their}} from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural.

====Pronoun====
{{head|nl|pronoun|personal}}

# ''The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun:'' [[them]], to them
# {{lb|nl|proscribed}} ''The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun:'' [[them]]

=====Usage notes=====
The difference between ''hen'' (as direct object) and ''hun'' (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.

In practice, ''hen'' and ''hun'' have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:
* ''Hij heeft '''hun''' verraden.'' (“He has betrayed '''them'''.”)
* ''Ze zijn met '''hun''' uitgegaan.'' (“They have gone out with '''them'''.”)
* ''Ik heb het '''hen''' gegeven.'' (“I have given it '''to them'''.”)

When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ''ze'':
* ''Hij heeft '''ze''' verraden.''
* ''Ze zijn met '''ze''' uitgegaan.''
* ''Ik heb het '''ze''' gegeven.''

For more information, see [[w:nl:Hen of hun|the article in the Dutch Wikipedia]].

====Pronoun====
{{head|nl|pronoun|personal}} {{tlb|nl|dependent possessive}} (''independent possessive'' '''[[hunne]]''')

# ''The third-person plural possessive pronoun:'' [[their]]
#: {{ux|nl|Ken je '''hun''' broer?|Do you know '''their''' brother?}}

=====Declension=====
{{nl-decl-personal pronouns}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|nl|zij}}, {{l|nl|ze}}
* {{l|nl|hen}}

===Etymology 2===
Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch {{m|nl|hullie|}} or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of ''{{l|nl|hunlieden}}'' or ''{{l|nl|hunlui}}'', a compound of ''hun'' ("them") + ''lieden'' or ''lui'' (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive ''hun''. This etymology explains why usage of ''hun'' occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal {{m|nl|zun}} often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ''ze'' ("they") + ''hun'' ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare {{cog|af|hulle}}, which also stems from {{m|nl||hunlui}}, but is now used also for things. For more information, see [[w:nl:Hun als onderwerp|the article in the Dutch Wikipedia]].

====Pronoun====
{{head|nl|pronoun|personal}}

# {{lb|nl|proscribed|regiolectal|Netherlands}} ''The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun:'' [[they]] (only referring to people)
#: {{syn|nl|zijlui|zijlieden}}

=====Usage notes=====
* The use of ''hun'' as a subject is considered incorrect or substandard by most speakers, both in written and spoken language, and only occurs in the Netherlands.
* For a 3rd person plural pronoun referring to people only, {{m|nl|zijlui}} or {{m|nl|zijlieden}} can be used instead.

===References===
<references/>

==Hokkien==
{{zh-see|分|poj}}

==Hungarian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|hu|un|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|hu|la|Hunni}}.<ref>{{R:Zaicz 2006}}</ref><ref>{{R:TotfalusiNagyEty 2001}}</ref>

====Adjective====
{{hu-adj|-}}

# [[Hunnic]], [[Hunnish]] {{gloss|of or relating to the [[Hun]]s}}

=====Declension=====
{{hu-infl-nom|huno|o|-}}

====Noun====
{{hu-noun|ok}}

# [[Hun]] {{gloss|a member of a nomadic tribe}}

=====Declension=====
{{hu-infl-nom|huno|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|hun|j|jai}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{m|hu|hol}}.

====Adverb====
{{head|hu|adverb}}

# {{senseid|hu|where}} {{lb|hu|dialectal}} {{alternative form of|hu|hol|gloss=where}}.

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|hu|sehun}} {{q|dialectal}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:ErtSz|1|Hun, Hunnic}}
* {{R:ErtSz|2|where [dialectal]}}

{{cln|hu|three-letter words|terms with multiple lemma etymologies|terms with adjective and adverb etymologies|terms with adverb and noun etymologies}}

==Iu Mien==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|ium|zh|-}} {{ltc-l|園}}.

===Noun===
{{ium-noun}}

# [[garden]]

==Label==

===Etymology===
Compare {{cog|ksd|vudu}} and {{cog|gfk|hudu}}.

===Noun===
{{head|lbb|noun}}

# [[banana]]

===References===
* {{R:Mosel 1980}}

{{C|lbb|Fruits}}

==Malay==

===Noun===
{{ms-noun}}

# A unit of [[weight]] equal to one hundredth of a [[tahil]].

==Mandarin==

===Romanization===
{{cmn-pinyin}}

# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|hūn}}
# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|hún}}
# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|hǔn}}
# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|hùn}}

====Usage notes====
* {{cmn-toneless-note}}

==Middle English==

===Noun===
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|hund|t=hundred}}

==Middle Welsh==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|wlm|/hʉn/}}

===Numeral===
{{head|wlm|mutated numeral}}

# {{h-prothesis of|wlm|un}}

==Mizo==

===Noun===
{{head|lus|noun}}

# [[time]]

==North Frisian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|frr|hönj||Mooring}}
* {{alt|frr|Hun||Sylt}}

===Etymology===
From {{der|frr|ofs|hond}}. Cognates include {{cog|fy|hân}}.

===Noun===
{{head|frr|noun|g=f|plural|hunen}}

# {{lb|frr|Föhr-Amrum}} [[hand]]
#: {{uxi|frr|a rocht(er) '''hun'''|the right '''hand'''}}

====Usage notes====
* One of the original feminines that still commonly take the reduced article {{m|frr|a}} (as above). See {{m|frr|at}} for further information.

{{C|frr|Anatomy}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|nb|da|hun}}, from {{inh|nb|non|hón}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|nb|/hʉn/}}
* {{homophones|nb|hund|hunn}}
* {{rhymes|nb|ʉn}}

====Pronoun====
{{head|nb|pronoun|accusative|henne|genitive|hennes}}

# [[she]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nb|hunkjønn}} / {{l|nb|hunnkjønn}}

====See also====
{{nb-pers-pron}}
* {{l-nn|ho}}
* {{l-nn|hoe}}

===Etymology 2===
{{wp|lang=nb|bakhon}}
From {{inh|nb|non|húnn||a die}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|nb|hon}}

====Noun====
{{nb-noun-m1}}

# back [[board]]

===References===
* {{R:BD}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology 1===
[[File:Башкирский_медвежонок.jpg|thumb|'''''hun''''']]
From {{inh|nn|non|húnn||bear cub}},<ref name=ND>{{R:ND}}</ref> from {{inh|nn|gem-pro|*hūnaz}}.

====Noun====
{{nn-noun-m1}}

# a [[bear]] [[cub]]
#: {{syn|nn|bjørnunge}}

===Etymology 2===
{{wp|lang=nn|bakhun}}
[[File:Schwarten.JPG|thumb|''bak'''hunar''''']]
From {{inh|nn|non|húnn||die}}.<ref name=ND/>

====Alternative forms====
* {{q|since 2019}} {{alt|nn|hon}}<ref>Language Council of Norway, [https://www.sprakradet.no/Spraka-vare/Norsk/normering/Rettskrivingsvedtak/rettskrivningsvedtak-etter-2012 Spelling decisions since 2012] (in Norwegian, retrieved 12.22.20)</ref>

====Noun====
{{nn-noun-m1}}

# back part of a [[log]] that might still be used as a plank

===Etymology 3===
From {{inh|nn|non|húnar}}, {{m|non|húnir|g=p}}.

====Noun====
{{nn-noun-m1}}

# a [[Hun]] {{q|a member of a [[nomadic]] [[tribe]] from [[Central Asia]]}}
#: {{syn|nn|hunar}}

===References===
<references/>
* {{R:NO}}

==Old English==

===Etymology===
Unclear. Possibly a shortening of {{m|ang|hund|t=dog}} or from {{bor|ang|non|hunn|t=bear cub}}.

===Noun===
{{ang-noun|m}}

# a common element in given names

===References===
* {{cite-book|en|author=Elizabeth Okasha|title=Women's Names in Old English|location=London, England|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|page=65}}

==Old Galician-Portuguese==

===Article===
{{head|roa-opt|article}}

# {{alternative form of|roa-opt|ũu}}

==Old High German==

===Proper noun===
{{head|goh|proper noun form}}

# {{spelling of|goh|manuscript|Hūn}}, {{infl of|goh|Hūni||nom|sg}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|Huns}}, from {{der|ro|la|Hunni}}.

===Noun===
{{ro-noun|m|huni}}

# [[Hun]]

====Declension====
{{ro-noun-m}}

==Tetum==

===Etymology===
From ''*pun'', from {{inh|tet|poz-pro|*puqun}}, compare {{cog|ms|pohon}}.

===Noun===
{{head|tet|noun}}

# [[bottom]], [[base]]
# [[beginning]]
# [[origin]]

==Vietnamese==

===Pronunciation===
{{vi-IPA}}

===Etymology 1===
Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial ''*u'', which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare {{m|vi|rún}} vs. {{m|vi|rốn}}, {{m|vi|thúi}} vs. {{m|vi|thối}}.

====Verb====
{{vi-verb|[[㖧]]}}

# {{alternative form of|vi|hôn||to kiss|from=central Vietnam|from2=southern Vietnam}}

=====Usage notes=====
* The Northern form with {{IPAfont|[o]}} is pretty much never used in daily speech by speakers of Central and Southern dialects, although they might choose to use it in formal writing.

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|vi|thơm}}, {{l|vi|hôn}}, {{l|vi|chu}}, {{l|vi|chụt}}, {{l|vi|mi}}

===Etymology 2===
{{vi-etym-sino|熏||hv=n|huân}}.

====Verb====
{{vi-verb|[[焝]], [[熏]], [[燻]]}}

# to [[smoke]] (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)

=====Derived terms=====
{{vi-der|hun khói|hun đúc}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|vi|nhu}}

==Welsh==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|/hɨːn/|a=cy-N}}
* {{IPA|cy|/hiːn/|a=cy-S}}

===Etymology 1===
Lexicalised [[h-prothesis|h-prothesised]] form of {{m|cy|un}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|cy|pronoun|cat2=reflexive pronouns}}

# {{lb|cy|with possessive determiner}} [[self]]
#: {{syn|cy|hunan}}
#: {{uxi|cy|fy '''hun'''|my'''self'''}}
#: {{uxi|cy|ei '''hun'''|him'''self''', her'''self'''}}
#: {{uxi|cy|ein '''hun'''|our'''selves'''}}
# {{lb|cy|with possessive determiner preceding both itself and the noun}} [[own]]
#: {{syn|cy|hunan}}
#: {{uxi|cy|fy ngeiriau fy '''hun'''|my '''own''' words}}
#: {{uxi|cy|ei syniad ei '''hun'''|his/her '''own''' idea}}
#: {{uxi|cy|ein cartref ein '''hun'''|our '''own''' home}}

====Usage notes====
* {{m|cy|hun|Hun}} tends to be more common in the north and synonymous {{m|cy|hunan}} in the south, although plural {{m|cy|hunain}} is also found in north at times.

====Personal forms====
{{cy-personal-prep|fy hun|dy hun|ei hun|ei hun|ein hun|eich hun|eu hun}}

====Numeral====
{{head|cy|mutated numeral}}

# {{h-prothesis of|cy|un}}
#: {{uxi|cy|ei '''hun''' ei hun|her own ('''one''')}}
#: (Compare: {{uxi|cy|ei '''un''' ei hun|his own ('''one''')}})

====Mutation====
{{cy-mut|un}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*hʉn}}, from {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*sounos}}, from {{inh|cy|ine-pro|*swépnos||sleep}}.

====Noun====
{{cy-noun|f|hunau}}

# [[sleep]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|cy|anhun||wakefulness}}
* {{l|cy|di-hun||awake}}
* {{l|cy|hunllef||nightmare}}
* {{l|cy|huno||to sleep}}

===References===
* {{R:cy:GPC}}

==Yoruba==

===Etymology 1===
Cognate with {{cog|yo|sùn}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{yo-IPA|hùn}}

====Verb====
{{yo-verb|hùn}}
# {{lb|yo|Ìkálẹ̀|Ìlàjẹ}} to [[sleep]]
#: {{uxi|yo|Kítà é '''hùn'''.|The dog is '''sleeping'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|yo|àìhùn|t=sleeplessness}}

===Etymology 2===
[[Image:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een Yoruba vrouw aan haar weefgetouw TMnr 20038998.jpg|thumb|right|Obìnrin tó ń '''hun''' aṣọ náà rèé]]

====Pronunciation====
* {{yo-IPA|hun}}

====Verb====
{{yo-verb|hun}}
# to [[weave]]
#: {{uxi|yo|Mo fẹ́ '''hun''' aṣọ òfì wọn, fún ayẹyẹ wọn, lọ́sẹ̀ tó ń bọ̀.|I want to '''weave''' their clothes, for their celebration, this upcoming week}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|yo|ahunṣọ|t=weaver}}

==Yucatec Maya==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|yua|myn-pro|*juun}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|yua|[ˈhun]}}

===Numeral===
{{head|yua|numeral}}

# [[one]]

====Derived terms====
{{col3|yua
|hun bak
|hun kʼáal
|hun pik
}}

===References===
* {{R:Beltrán 1746|page=152|passage=Hun. ''Vno''. 1.}}
* {{R:Montgomery 2004|pages=58, 203}}