Grammar and Vocabulary Reference Spanish 4th ESO
Grammar and Vocabulary Reference Spanish 4th ESO
Grammar and Vocabulary Reference Spanish 4th ESO
Grammar Reference
96
R
Grammar practice
2 Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of can. 6 Complete the text with the correct past simple or
They are allowed to go to bed later on Saturday night. present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
They can go to bed later on Saturday night.
1 I was allowed to wear my own clothes to primary school. In January, I (1) (decide) to take up a
new sport. Two months later, I (2) (start)
2 We aren’t allowed to stay in the classroom at lunchtime. cycling! It (3) (not be) easy! I
(4) (not manage) to ride up a hill without
stopping yet, but I (5) (go) down a
3 Joe won’t be allowed to take his PlayStation on holiday.
clothes size! In the summer, I (6) (join) a
cycling club. At first, I (7) (not feel) very
4 Jessica is allowed to go to parties at the weekend.
confident. But since I began, the other cyclists
(8) (invite) me to join in with their rides
and together we (9) (cycle) through
Modals of advice, obligation, prohibition beautiful countryside. I (10) (show) that
and necessity anyone can take up a new hobby. Just try it out!
97
R
Vocabulary reference
Adjetivos: opiniones
dull (adj) /dʌl/ soso/a (adj.)
entertaining (adj) /ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/ entretenido/a (adj.)
hilarious (adj) /hɪˈleəriəs/ graciosísimo/a (adj.)
original (adj) /əˈrɪdʒənl/ original (adj.)
realistic (adj) /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ realista (adj.)
terrifying (adj) /ˈterɪfaɪɪŋ/ terrorífico/a (adj.)
98
R
Vocabulary practice
1 Match the technology verbs in the box to their 3 Complete the text with the adjectives in the box.
definitions below.
dull entertaining hilarious original realistic terrifying
browse charge message plug in press
stream swipe switch on tap update One form of technology that has remained a favourite for many
years is the cinema. Today’s cinemas are very different from the (1)
1 send an SMS ones of the early 20th century, but our habit of sitting
2 hit quickly and lightly together in a dark room to watch a film hasn’t changed. But why is
3 play video or sound from it so (2) ?
the internet There’s no better place to watch a horror film than in a cinema.
4 connect a piece of electrical When something really (3) happens, everyone
equipment to an electricity supply reacts in the same way. In the same way, a comedy becomes
5 push (a button) even more (4) when hundreds of people are all
6 turn on (a light, machine) laughing together. Sitting in front of a big screen with a high-quality
7 move your finger quickly across a sound system makes a film’s events feel more (5)
phone or tablet screen than watching them on a TV or computer. Whether you choose to
8 pass electricity through something scream, laugh or cry, a trip to the cinema is never (6) !
9 add the most recent information
10 look for / at information on 4 Choose the correct option.
the internet 1 A reusable / disposable bag is better for the environment.
2 A lightweight / heavy jacket is ideal for winter.
2 Choose the correct option. 3 I need a fragile / hard-wearing VR headset that won't break
Archie Hi, Mr Evans. Would you like to easily.
(1) fundraise / sponsor me? My friends
4 I find large headphones useful / useless because they fall
and I are (2) fundraising / publicizing to off all the time!
buy new sports equipment for our local 5 My last smartwatch was very poor-quality / good-quality
youth club, and we’re doing a 10 km run. and I had lots of problems with it.
Mr Evans Oh yes, I’d be happy to do that, Archie. 6 In a(n) manual / automatic car, you don't have to change
How about £2 a kilometre? What else are the gears yourself.
you doing to (3) publicize / sponsor your
campaign? 5 Translate the sentences.
Archie We’re having a concert. Instead of 1 You have to plug in the computer before you can switch it on!
charging for tickets, people can make
(4) charities / donations to the club.
Would you like to (5) come along / 2 You ought to try out a new sport – you might pick it up really
work out? easily.
Mr Evans I’d love to! Tell me when it is. I don’t want
to (6) miss out / take on!
Archie It’s on Tuesday evening at 7.30. I’m 3 Did she make a donation to the charity or did she fundraise
playing the guitar! for it?
Mr Evans I didn’t know you had (7) joined in /
taken it up!
Archie Well, I decided to (8) miss out / try out 4 I’ve seen a lot of entertaining films recently, but this one is
guitar lessons, and I (9) came along / hilarious!
picked it up really quickly. I’ll see you
on Tuesday, Mr Evans, and thanks for
sponsoring me! 5 In many factories, poor-quality clothes are made on heavy
Mr Evans Bye, Archie. and impractical machines, and then sold for little money in
high street shops.
99
1 Unit 1
Grammar reference
100
1
Grammar practice
Past simple, past continuous and used to Present perfect simple and present
1 Choose the correct option. perfect continuous
1 I was browsing online when / while I found this cool video. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct
2 While she was volunteering for a charity, she decided / present perfect simple or continuous form of
was deciding to start her own. the verbs.
3 Where were you going when / while you heard the noise? 1 We (watch) this film for
4 While he travelled / was travelling in South Africa, he visited one hour and nothing interesting has happened
Kruger National Park. yet.
5 They received help from some very big-hearted people when / 2 I can’t come to orchestra practice today. I
while they were recovering from the disaster. (forget) to bring my violin
6 Did you see us while you walked / were walking by the river? to school.
3 My dad loves The Rolling Stones. He
2 Rewrite the words in bold with used to. (see) them in concert
1 We (lived) in London.
seven times!
2 I (didn’t like) cheese.
4 You should have a break now. You
3 They (went travelling) every summer.
(work) since this morning.
4 She (had) a cat.
5 This traffic is awful. We
5 You (didn’t like) Maroon 5.
(drive) for hours and we’ve only travelled twenty
6 He (walked) to school every day.
kilometres.
3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs. Use
the past simple, past continuous or used to. Write only one Present perfect simple and present
word in each gap. perfect continuous with for and since
5 Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 They’ve been homeless many
less
As a child, Jonas Corona used to help the home years.
with his mother. But although Jonas was only four 2 She’s been volunteering with us
years old, he was very caring and was shocked at 2019.
what he (1) seeing. It was terrible that 3 You’ve wanted that dress you saw
adults were (2) (live) without a home. it in the shop.
But children (3) suffering, too. 4 Sam and Ana have been going out
(4) the party.
Jonas and his mother used to 5 I haven’t felt so happy months!
(volunteer) with different homeless charities. But 6 We’ve been waiting for you an
strict rules only allowed children to volunteer one hour.
day a month. The courageous young boy
(5) wonder what might happen if he 6 Write sentences with the prompts. Use the
,
had his own charity. So, with the help of his mum present perfect simple and for or since.
Jonas (6) (start) a charity called Love 1 we / know / John / 2015
in the Mirror.
Soon Jonas was (7) (make) his own 2 Dad / had / the same coat / twenty years
rules, and (8) helping the homeless as
much as he wanted. He
(9) (organize) 3 you / live / here / you were born
to
events to give them food and clothes, and toys
children who didn’t have any of their own. Today 4 I / not eat / any chocolate / two weeks
Jonas’s charity has grown enormously: through his
le.
selfless actions, Jonas has helped over 45,000 peop 5 Emma / not speak / to Max / her birthday party
101
1
Vocabulary reference
102
1
Vocabulary practice
1 Put the letters in order to make adjectives to 3 Complete the text with the words in the box.
complete the sentences.
1 P better cruel get involved gesture optimistic
A T H T panic selfless sympathetic
I
S Y CY
E M
When a child is feeling upset, they need someone who
Childline
will be to their problems.
2 S S
N O
R I P (1) place
E E B L The world can seem like a
talk to, esp ecially
when you haven’t got anyone to
Alex is a boy who always makes UK cha rity
if you’re a child. But since 1986, the
sure other people are OK. the opportunity
Childline has given young people )
3 ( 2
D E M to discuss their problems with a
ed or suffering
S O T adult. If a child is worried, depress
from a (3) attack, they can phone,
Mia is a brilliant tennis player, but she’s very rity’s volunteers,
email or chat online with the cha
need. Many
about her talents. who can then get them the help they
e
4 L U people who volunteer with Childlin
R E C (4) because they see the problems
a (5)
young people are facing today. It’s
Why did you ruin Noah’s painting? That was a (6) that can
and very important
thing to do. n. In turn, a lot
improve the lives of many childre
5 started to get
E O C U O of children say that their situations
S
R U A G (7) after they called Childline. Thanks
now feel more
to the charity, these children can
Eliza has faced many problems in her life, but she’s a (8) about their futu res.
very young woman.
6
B 4 Translate the sentences.
L E 1 In the last few weeks, our supportive and caring
P E N volunteers have been getting things done.
D E D A
I need a friend who I can rely on!
2 While the homeless woman was sitting outside the
2 Choose the correct option. shop, a selfless young man gave her all his money.
1 I’m sorry to hear you’re ill. I hope you get better /
involved soon.
2 Sam doesn’t like his new school uniform, but he’ll soon 3 Sarah is an outgoing girl who has made a fantastic
get the feeling / used to it. impression on people.
3 This might be the only sunny day this week. Let’s make
a promise / the most of it!
4 You need to get permission / things done to use the 4 I’ve wanted to get involved in charity work for a long
school gym. time.
5 I get better / the feeling something strange is
happening!
6 I enjoyed meeting Javier. He really made an effort / 5 My current salary is very low, but I make the most of
an impression on me! what I’ve got!
103
2 Unit 2
Grammar reference
Past simple and past perfect simple enough, (a) few, (a) little, lots of, plenty of,
1 Underline the action in bold which happened first. too many, too much
1 I saw the film that you’d recommended. 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
2 We met a boy who had designed a really cool app.
3 He’d lost the receipt so he couldn’t get his money enough enough little plenty
of too
many
back. too much
4 I took the 9.07 train because I’d missed the 8.37.
1 There’s a mistake on my receipt. You’ve charged me
5 Because we hadn’t brought a map, we got lost.
money.
2 Put the words in order to make sentences. 2 Don’t buy those shoes. You’ve got to fit
in your wardrobe!
3 Shops are worried because consumers aren’t spending
money this year.
4 The quietest time of day is early morning, when there’s
traffic on the road.
5 The shops don’t shut till 10 p.m. We’ve got
time!
6 I’ve been saving up for weeks and now I’ve got
money to buy those new boots!
HOME NEWS ARTICLES DOWNLOADS
1 went / tried / I / croissants / hadn’t / until / to France (1) Lots of / Enough people say that there are too
I . (2) much / many advertisements directed at children
2 had / got / he’d / a shower / he / dressed these days. They argue that advertisers have too
(3) many / much influence on children who have (4) little /
After .
3 already / the station / had / I / at / my train / arrived / a little power to resist their sophisticated techniques.
left Although this is a common opinion, (5) a few / a little
By the time . education experts disagree. Martyn Hopkins, a primary
4 didn’t take / my camera / I / any photos / forgotten / so school head teacher, believes that children need (6) a
I’d . little / plenty of opportunities to see advertisements
5 complained / stopped / the advert / because / and learn from them. ‘It’s the only way to discover how
they work,’ says
people / had / about it / broadcasting
Mr Hopkins. ‘If
They
children have
. (7) few / little
contact with
3 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past
advertising,
perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.
they won’t have
1 The consumers (claim) that the (8) enough / lots of
company (not advertise) its
experience to resist
products correctly.
it as successfully as
2 The company (promote) the
adults.’
products that (be) less popular.
3 Customers who bought the cream quickly
(realize) that the salesman
(exaggerate) its benefits!
4 The shop (not close) until the last
customer (leave).
105
2
Vocabulary reference
106
2
Vocabulary practice
1 Find ten advertising verbs in the wordsearch. Then 3 Complete the text with the words in the box.
complete the sentences below with the correct
verbs. appealed bargain bid consumer influence
promote purchase suppliers
E I N F L U E N C E
X A M C S A N Q M C
A D V E R T I S E L (1) knows the power of
Every sensible
to (2)
G P O J A M N J T A advertisements and promotions
sider their effect on
our spending. But we rarely con
G M P A Q T F P A I . Some years ago, two
the companies who make them
own British vacuum
E O W E M W O S O M marketing executives at a well-kn
had had a brilliant idea.
cleaner company thought they
R T S P A S R A M C
In a (3) to increase sales, they offered
ope with every
A P C R N L M C J A two free flights to the USA or Eur
0+.
(4) of a vacuum cleaner costing £10
T B R O A D C A S T (5) to the
Not surprisingly, the offer
to buy vac uum
E C J M N A O M P Q masses, and people rushed out
t for two flights was an
cleaners. The relatively small cos
R E C O M M E N D T absolute (6
) . In total, 200,000 vacuum
the (7)
W S O T T P C A C W cleaners were bought, more than
£30 million earned
could cope with. Worse still, the
d to the £50 million
A P P E A R M A S O in sales was nothing compare
airlin es. This disaster is
the company had to pay the
e in the advertising
1 We this product because it works faster an important reminder to everyon
than the others. ( 8) something
industry: you should never
the pro duc t itself!
2 Adverts should never a product’s positive with an offer that costs more than
qualities.
3 It costs more to an advert during a
popular TV programme.
4 Translate the sentences.
1 I went back to the shop when I realized they had
4 Companies their products on TV, the
charged me too much money.
radio and online.
5 Some products more attractive to
younger age groups.
2 I do a lot of reading, so I can recommend plenty of good
6 Some companies their products are
books.
better than they really are.
2 Complete the table. Then tick (✓) the nouns that can
refer to people. 3 When you said this shop was expensive, you weren’t
exaggerating!
Verb Noun
(1) bid
(2) consumer 4 Before she found fame and fortune on TV, she’d only
made a few adverts!
(3) browser
(4) selection
5 The shop didn’t give me a refund for the shoes because
(5) supplier
I’d already worn them.
107
3 Unit 3
Grammar reference
108
3
Grammar practice
The passive – past, present and future Reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns,
1 Write the agent (the person or thing responsible for each other and one another
the action) in each sentence or write 0 if the agent 4 Choose the correct option.
isn’t mentioned.
The umbrella was first invented by the Chinese in 3,500 BC.
the Chinese 100%
109
3
Vocabulary reference
110
3
Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 3 Use the sentences to complete the crossword.
1 2
amount calories preservatives protein serving
vitamin 3 4
Understanding sleep
Across
Sleep has a major impact on our quality of life. It is well 1 I try to eat only one of chocolate a day!
known that unless we (1) properly, we have less 5 Some , for example colours and
energy and become less able to (2) everyday tasks. preservatives, are very bad for you.
In the worst instances, a lack of sleep can cause our
6 The average teenager doesn’t enough
bodies to (3) . So how does sleep work?
vegetables!
When we fall asleep, our bodies enter a cycle that repeats 8 Most people would agree that a slice of pizza is
itself every 90 minutes or so. First is NREM (non-rapid .
eye movement) sleep. Our breathing becomes slower, Down
hormones are (4) and more blood is (5) 2 A cheeseburger doesn’t contain many essential
to the muscles. This allows our bodies to grow, and any .
damage to be (6) . 3 It’s important to eat a varied and diet.
However, REM (rapid eye movement) sleep produces the 4 A healthy diet and a good night’s sleep help you to
energy we need for the following day. During this part well during the day.
of the cycle, the brain is actively (7) information 7 Food containing carbohydrates, for example brown
that we have (8) during the day; perhaps not bread and pasta, can really your energy
surprisingly, it is in this phase that dreams occur. It is levels.
believed that both kinds of sleep are crucial, but that the
REM phase really (9) the performance of the brain 4 Translate the sentences.
as well as the body. 1 Nutrients are absorbed into the body.
1 A rest B absorb C consume
2 The muscle needs time to repair itself.
2 A crash B perform C process
3 A absorb B boost C crash
3 This mouth-watering recipe was created by my sister.
4 A boosted B repaired C released
5 A processed B transported C rested
4 I don’t allow myself any processed food.
6 A crashed B repaired C processed
7 A processing B boosting C transporting
5 I think that more organic food will be consumed in the
8 A absorbed B rested C released
future.
9 A crashes B boosts C consumes
111
4 Unit 4
Grammar reference
112
4
Grammar practice
113
4
Vocabulary reference
114
4
Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct 3 Complete the text with the phrases in the box.
phrasal verbs.
1 A I’m really tired today! aching muscles join in liven up loosen up slow down
sore backs stiff neck stress out
B Have a nice cup of coffee! It’ll s you
u for the day.
2 A I’ve got basketball training, then band practice and
YOGA CLASSES
finally a judo class.
B You really need to s d !
3 A I don’t want to talk about my problems.
B If you o u , maybe I’ll be you
Does life 1
( )
one
able to help. ? After a day of rushing from
( 2) ?
t to
4 A How many cans of cola have you had? thing to the next, is it difficul , a
k of sleep, hea dac hes
B Three. I should c d , Are you suffering from a lac
shouldn’t I? (3) ? The n it’s time to take up yoga.
5 A I’ve had a terrible day. I feel awful! l exercise: it’s a whole
Yoga is more than physica y
B Oh no! What can I do to c you take control of both your bod
philosophy that allows you en you are
it in the morning wh
u ? and your mind. You can do
6 A Sam is really nervous. He’s got three exams ( 4) , or at the end
tired and need to and
to (5)
tomorrow! of the day when you need
(6) .
B But he’s worked so hard. He doesn’t need to stretch those
s o about them. ages, and you can
Yoga is a safe activity for all
ry. People with
even practise it with an inju
2 Find five aches and pains phrases. Then complete (7) or other problems have fou
nd
the sentences below with the correct phrases. l bet ter. Co me and
that yoga helped them to fee
S P R A I N E D W R I S T X O A (8) one of our yoga sessions.
E W P L S T J I I N Z H G N S F You won’t regret it!
D O E U B U K R S T W I R V W O
A L L E R G I C R E A C T I O N
B L E M U U F N A I H S R Q L W
A E T O I T C H Y S K I N E L V
B N Z Q S L R Q U J X F U P E D
U X P U E B S C W T Y R Y X N M 4 Translate the sentences.
C N D S D D O F B G Z G S P A K 1 If I were you, I’d get treatment for your sore back.
D K E K K T H G Q U A J H O N Y
E L J L N H L N K Z G P N O K C
2 Some allergic reactions cause itchy skin.
E E K I E O W F A U Y M I T L M
C V L Y E B V S X M R J Q O E L
1 It’s difficult to write at the moment because I’ve got 3 If Marta got out more, I’d worry less about her
a(n) . well-being.
2 Rachel hit her leg against a door and now she’s got
a(n) .
3 Every time I eat onions, I get a(n) . 4 I would have played tennis if I hadn’t had a dislocated
4 Look at Juan Manuel’s . It’s much shoulder.
bigger than his other one!
5 I need some cream because I’ve got really
. 5 You’ll feel sleepy tomorrow unless you go to bed soon.
115
5 Unit 5
Grammar reference Interrogativas
Preguntas de sujeto Who organized the protest?
Verbos con -ing y to Preguntas de objeto What rights do we have?
Cuando un verbo sucede a otro, hay dos formas que puede Question tags He’s quite annoying, isn’t he?
adoptar el segundo verbo. Algunos verbos siempre van Preguntas que terminan Who are you writing to?
seguidos por la forma -ing: en una preposición
I enjoyed listening to your speech. Usos
Otros siempre van seguidos por una forma de infinitivo: En preguntas de sujeto, la partícula interrogativa (what,
I’ve decided to start a petition. who, etc.) se refiere al sujeto del verbo.
Sin embargo, algunos verbos pueden ir seguidos por una ‘Who made the speech?’ ‘Sara.’ (Who pregunta por Sara, el
forma -ing o un infinitivo con to y tienen diferente significado sujeto del verbo made.)
en función de qué forma se emplee. A continuación, unos Formamos preguntas de sujeto con una partícula
ejemplos comunes: interrogativa y un verbo principal. Empleamos el verbo
de la misma manera que en oraciones afirmativas. No
forget / remember
empleamos el auxiliar do / did en preguntas de sujeto en
I’ll never forget meeting you. (not) have a memory of present y past simple.
He forgot to send the email. (not) forget something you Who made the speech? (NO Who did make the speech?)
have to do
En preguntas de objeto, la partícula interrogativa (what,
go on who, etc.) hace referencia a la persona o el objeto que
He went on talking for continue recibe la acción, o al objeto del verbo.
hours. ‘What did you talk about?’ ‘We talked about the sit-in.’
He started a campaign and change to a new activity (What pregunta acerca de la sentada, el objeto del verbo
went on to launch a charity. talk about.)
regret Las preguntas de objeto en present y past simple emplean
I regret going to the march. be sorry about something el auxiliar do / did y el verbo principal en infinitivo.
you did in the past Who do you know?
I regret to say that no one be sorry to say that Utilizamos question tags al final de las oraciones para
has signed the petition. something is true asegurarnos de que algo es cierto o para preguntar si
stop nuestro interlocutor está de acuerdo.
I’ve stopped using plastic. not do something any more You went to the demonstration, didn’t you?
She stopped to chat to me. interrupt an action and do Formamos las question tags con el auxiliar o el verbo modal
something else briefly y el pronombre sujeto de la parte principal de la oración. Si
try el verbo es afirmativo en la oración, en la question tag será
negativo y viceversa.
I’ll try sending an email do an experiment to see if
about the rally. something works You know Ellie, don’t you?
I’m trying to get up earlier. make an effort We can’t go out, can we?
Cuando la oración contiene un verbo afirmativo en
present simple o past simple, empleamos la forma negativa
correspondiente de do en la question tag.
He watched the match, didn’t he?
Algunos verbos se emplean con preposiciones específicas
(look at, talk to, comment on, etc.). Cuando empleamos
estos verbos en preguntas de objeto, normalmente
colocamos la preposición al final.
What are you looking at?
What were they campaigning for?
116
5
Grammar practice
117
5
Vocabulary reference
118
5
Vocabulary practice
1 Copy the letters with the same colour and put them 3 Complete each sentence with one adjective and
in the correct order to make words to complete the one noun.
sentences.
Adjectives:
amazing bored disappointing disgusting
M C I A I R E P shocked
S R G S E S I E
T S H A U P I O Nouns:
campaign demonstration petition rights
speech
U I T G C E E S
N G H P C T N T
I A K T R G M R
I H I S E L N T
119
6 Unit 6
Grammar reference
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto He asked her which comedians she liked.
present simple past simple ‘Who wrote the sketch?’ he asked. ➔
present continuous past continuous He asked who had written the sketch.
past simple past perfect simple Cuando hacemos preguntas de sí y no en estilo indirecto,
present perfect simple past perfect simple empleamos if o whether.
can could ‘Did you enjoy the act?’ he asked me. ➔
He asked me if I’d enjoyed the act.
will / would would
am / is / are going to was / were going to ‘Do you want to go to the theatre?’ she asked me. ➔
She asked me whether I wanted to go to the theatre.
También cambiamos las palabras que se refieren al tiempo, En órdenes y peticiones en estilo indirecto, empleamos el
lugar y personas para que reflejen el punto de vista de la infinitivo con to.
persona que cambia el estilo directo a indirecto. ‘Please stand under the spotlight.’ ➔
‘We’ll arrive tomorrow,’ they confirmed. ➔ He asked me to stand under the spotlight.
They confirmed that they would arrive the following day. ‘Don’t worry,’ she told me. ➔
She told me not to worry.
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
Tiempo
yesterday the previous day
tomorrow the following day
next week the following week
Lugares
here there
this, these that, those
Personas
I, me, mine, myself he / she, him / her, his /
her(s), himself / herself
we, us, our, ours, ourselves they, them, their, theirs,
themselves
120
6
1 Jessica said that Hampton Court
Grammar practice Palace with
family.
Reported speech 2 She added that she a review
1 Complete the sentences in reported speech with the before, but that she really to say
correct words in brackets. how much ’d enjoyed themselves.
1 ‘We go to Spain every year,’ he said. 3 She explained that Hampton Court Palace
He said that they to Spain every the home of King Henry VIII, who
year. (have gone / went) six wives.
2 ‘I’ve lost my passport,’ she told me. 4 She said that visitors what life
She told me she her passport. like in the 1500s thanks to lots of
(had lost / has lost) interactive features.
3 ‘We’ll do it tomorrow,’ I said. 5 She revealed that she and her family
I said we would do it . again in the summer so they
(the following day / the previous day) be able to explore the gardens.
4 ‘You’re going to love the museum,’ they said.
They said we love the museum. Reported questions, requests and
(’re going to / were going to) commands
5 ‘I’ve just updated my travel blog,’ she said.
She said she had just updated 3 Write Q (question), R (request) or C (command) next
travel blog. (her / my) to each item below.
6 ‘We arrived yesterday,’ they said. 1 The comedian asked who had taken her
They said they had arrived . microphone.
(the previous day / tomorrow) 2 They told me to stop complaining.
3 He asked who was on stage.
2 Read Jessica’s review. Then complete the sentences 4 They told us not to talk during the sketch.
using reported speech. 5 You asked us to go to the supermarket.
6 We asked the artist to show us her sculptures.
Account Search
4 Tick (✓) the correct sentences.
1 They asked us not do that.
England’s best day out! 2 He told you to stop talking!
I visited Hampton Court Palace yesterday with my 3 The comedian asked us if we had heard of her act.
family. I haven’t written a review before, but I really want 4 She asked to me to give you a message.
to say how much we enjoyed ourselves! 5 Mum told us to tidied our bedrooms.
Hampton Court was the home of Henry VIII. He was 6 The scriptwriter asked who had taken his pen.
the King of England from 1509 to 1547 and he had six
wives. There are lots of interactive features so visitors
can imagine what life was like in the 1500s.
5 Rewrite the questions, requests and commands in
direct speech. Write one word in each space.
It’s great for a winter’s day, but we’re going to go
1 She asked me to call her the following day.
again in the summer. Then we’ll be able to explore the
gardens. ‘Please .’
Jessica, Brighton 2 They asked me what subjects I studied.
‘What subjects
?’
3 He told me to write a sketch for his new show.
‘
new show.’
4 They asked me who had designed that set.
‘Who set?’
5 He asked if I’d seen their act the previous day.
‘
?’
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6
Vocabulary reference
122
6
Vocabulary practice
1 Choose the correct option. 3 Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.
1 Sam boasted / complained that there hadn’t been
As the popularity of stand-up comedy has grown, so has
enough to eat.
the number of people (1) that jokes and (2)
2 The boys admitted / announced to their angry parents
are too offensive. So, should comedians and (3) be
that they had written on the walls.
allowed to say or write anything they like?
3 Sean Penn has confirmed / denied to his delighted
fans that he will be starring in the next series of the Yes
popular TV series. ‘I don’t like cruel jokes, but freedom of speech is really
4 The victim agreed / claimed the two men had hit her important,’ (4) the comedian Andy Kemp. Sociologist
and run off with her bag. Dr Colin McGee says he (5) with Kemp. He
(6) that comedy allows people to explore what
5 I announced / explained to the guard that I had lost
my train ticket. is socially acceptable. ‘If people don’t like a particular
6 When her teacher confronted the girl, she denied / comedian’s (7) , they needn’t (8) about it.
insisted that she had copied her friend’s homework. They simply shouldn’t watch it.’
7 I agreed / claimed with my friend that the film was No
terrible. ‘Last week, I was shocked to see a ‘funny’ (9)
8 The man admitted / boasted that he had won more about immigrants on TV,’ says writer Kay Ashworth. ‘Of
races than anyone else. course, the comedian (10) that he was racist, but he
would, wouldn’t he? In my opinion, when broadcasters put
2 Find seven entertainment nouns. Then use the nouns someone under a (11) and give them a (12) ,
to complete the poster. they give them the power to influence people,’ she says.
P E J K S P I H U N I W 1 A complaining B boasting C revealing
T R E E S K E T C H O B 2 A venues B sketches C microphones
I E O G B H C T S R S A 3 A props B scriptwriters C professionals
L R P F N X H S D E N Y 4 A adds B insists C boasts
I O I E E D A T T C G O 5 A reveals B denies C agrees
F A P E W S T E N A O A 6 A denies B confirms C adds
T H R G C U S R Y M G D 7 A act B prop C newcomer
D O O D O V B I H M K E 8 A complain B explain C insist
G A P L M P T R O E C B 9 A spotlight B monologue C venue
10 A revealed B announced C denied
D C S A E C P J Y N U A
11 A spotlight B stage C sketch
I T A G R J I E F D A O
12 A sketch B amateur C microphone
E N T V E N U E X S H L
4 Translate the sentences.
1 She boasted that she had worked as a scriptwriter on
THE NEW THEATRE PRESENTS an American drama series.
124
7
Grammar practice
3 We in the square at six o’clock. (not feel / not miss) my loud
4 This cake music, and they
very nice. I forgot to put sugar in it. (12)
125
7
Vocabulary reference
126
7
Vocabulary practice 2 Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.
1 Taking money from the poor is a .
1 Complete the words with the missing vowels. Then A bulletin B scandal C scoop
use six of the words to complete sentences A–F. 2 There’s a short news at 5 p.m.
1 A notification B bulletin C headline
b _ l l _ t _ n 3 The of a well-known Sunday newspaper
has resigned.
2 A fake news B publisher C click-bait
p _ y w _ l l 4 I totally believed the story, but it was .
A scoop B scandal C fake news
3 5 The story was in the for a week!
n _ w s f _ _ d A headlines B publishers C producers
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8 Unit 8
Grammar reference
Determinantes
Empleamos determinantes como los artículos (a, an, the)
para identificar sustantivos.
Algunos determinantes se refieren a cosas específicas:
the
this, that, these, those,
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
which
This burger is inedible.
Which sandwich are you going to have?
Otros determinantes, como a y some, se refieren a cosas en
general.
I’d like a sandwich.
Let’s get some food.
Ten en cuenta que en inglés, empleamos determinantes
para hablar del trabajo de la gente.
Elvis was a singer.
No siempre necesitamos emplear determinantes para
referirnos a las cosas en general. Por ejemplo, no es
habitual emplear determinantes con sustantivos abstractos.
I don’t like fruit.
Trust is essential in relationships.
128
8
Grammar practice
129
8
Vocabulary reference
130
8
Vocabulary practice
1 Reorder the letters to make sense adjectives. Then 3 Choose the correct option.
put the blue letters in order to find the mystery
adjective.
Restaurant review
131
9 Unit 9
Grammar reference
132
9
Grammar practice
133
9
Vocabulary reference
134
9
Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the speech bubbles with the verbs and 3 Complete the text with the words in the box.
prepositions in the box. Then match questions 1–3
to answers A–C. academic badly paid challenging motivating
repetitive rewarding unsociable well-paid
apply for approve of comment on
concentrate on decide on graduate from
HOME NEWS FEATURES
1 My sister will
university this summer. What will my
parents think if I say I want to be a writer
Gap years
instead of going to Uni? If you decide to take a gap year, you’ll leave your
(1) studies behind you. Perhaps you’ll go
2 I want to study English Literature at the
abroad, travelling to beautiful and sunny destinations.
University of Edinburgh. What course are However, a gap year can be (2) , and
you going to ? sometimes difficult. It’s unlikely that you’ll find a
(3) job on a gap year. You’ll probably be
3 I’d really like to get your opinion on my
(4) , do a series of (5) jobs
history essay. Will you have a look and ( 6)
and work hours. However, working
it?
abroad can be very (7) . It’s the chance
A Sure. I’ve got time this afternoon, so I can to make new friends, discover different cultures and
visit places you’ve never been to before. Being far from
it then. home can make you look at your life in a different
B I’m not sure. I need to way, and is therefore very (8) : when you
a course! return home at the end of your year away, you’ll be
ready to begin your future.
C Well, my grandparents didn’t
my dad’s career …
until his first book sold 2 million copies!
4 Translate the sentences.
2 Write the opposites. Then complete the sentences 1 You should start revising now; otherwise you might not
with the adjectives. have enough time to prepare for the exams.
skilled ≠
≠ varied 2 I’d like to have a rewarding career. I don’t mind if my job
≠ badly paid isn’t well paid.
sociable ≠
1 Should I get a(n) job that I enjoy or 3 Emma Watson, who became famous as Hermione
a(n) one that will allow me to save for Granger in the Harry Potter films, graduated from
the future? Brown University in 2014.
2 Finding a(n) job is challenging. Even with
lots of qualifications, you might have to do
a(n) job while you’re searching for one. 4 There’s an open day next week for students who want
3 My last job was very . Every day was to apply for vocational courses.
the same. My new job is much more exciting and
.
4 I’m a(n) person, but my job is very 5 Vocational careers, such as teaching, can be both
. It doesn’t involve much interaction with challenging and rewarding.
people.
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