Electroquímica 2
Electroquímica 2
Electroquímica 2
Tema 2
18 de octubre de 2021
I = I(KCl) + I(CuSO4 )
I = I(KCl) + I(CuSO4 )
1 b(KCl) 1 b(CuSO4 )
I = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) 0
+ (1 ∗ 22 + 1 ∗ 22 )
2 b 2 b0
I = I(KCl) + I(CuSO4 )
1 b(KCl) 1 b(CuSO4 )
I = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) 0
+ (1 ∗ 22 + 1 ∗ 22 )
2 b 2 b0
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = [1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.150
2 b0
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) =[1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.150
2 b0
Las fuerzas iónicas de las sales añadidas deben ser 0.1 para incrementar la
fuerza a 0.250
1 b(Ca(NO3 )2 )
ICa(NO3 )2 = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) = 0.1 ⇒ 3b(Ca(NO3 )2 ) = 0.1molkg −1
2 b0
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) =[1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.150
2 b0
Las fuerzas iónicas de las sales añadidas deben ser 0.1 para incrementar la
fuerza a 0.250
1 b(Ca(NO3 )2 )
ICa(NO3 )2 = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) = 0.1 ⇒ 3b(Ca(NO3 )2 ) = 0.1molkg −1
2 b0
b(Ca(NO3 )2 ) = 0.0333molkg −1
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) =[1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.150
2 b0
Las fuerzas iónicas de las sales añadidas deben ser 0.1 para incrementar la
fuerza a 0.250
1 b(Ca(NO3 )2 )
ICa(NO3 )2 = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) = 0.1 ⇒ 3b(Ca(NO3 )2 ) = 0.1molkg −1
2 b0
b(Ca(NO3 )2 ) = 0.0333molkg −1
g
(0.0333molkg −1 )(0.5kg ) 164 Ca(NO3 )2 = 2.73 g Ca(NO3 )2
mol
(b) NaCl
1 b(NaCl)
I(NaCl) = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) = 0.1 ⇒ b(NaCl) = 0.1molkg −1
2 b0
(b) NaCl
1 b(NaCl)
I(NaCl) = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) = 0.1 ⇒ b(NaCl) = 0.1molkg −1
2 b0
g
(0.1molkg −1 )(0.5kg ) 58.442 (NaCl) = 2.92 g de NaCl
mol
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = [1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.110
2 b0
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = [1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.110
2 b0
Las fuerzas iónicas de las sales añadidas deben ser 0.890 para
incrementar la fuerza a 1.000
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) = 0.890
2 b0
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = [1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.110
2 b0
Las fuerzas iónicas de las sales añadidas deben ser 0.890 para
incrementar la fuerza a 1.000
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) = 0.890
2 b0
b(KNO3 ) = 0.890molkg −1
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = [1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ] = 0.110
2 b0
Las fuerzas iónicas de las sales añadidas deben ser 0.890 para
incrementar la fuerza a 1.000
1 b(KNO3 )
I(KNO3 ) = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 ) = 0.890
2 b0
b(KNO3 ) = 0.890molkg −1
g
(0.890molkg −1 )(0.5kg ) 101.11 KNO3 = 45g KNO3
mol
(b) Ba(NO3 )2
1 b(Ba(NO3 )2 ) b(Ba(NO3 )2 )
I(Ba(NO3 )2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) =3 = 0.890
2 b0 b0
(b) Ba(NO3 )2
1 b(Ba(NO3 )2 ) b(Ba(NO3 )2 )
I(Ba(NO3 )2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) =3 = 0.890
2 b0 b0
0.890
b(Ba(NO3 )2 ) = molkg −1 = 0.2966molkg −1
3
(b) Ba(NO3 )2
1 b(Ba(NO3 )2 ) b(Ba(NO3 )2 )
I(Ba(NO3 )2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) =3 = 0.890
2 b0 b0
0.890
b(Ba(NO3 )2 ) = molkg −1 = 0.2966molkg −1
3
g
(0.296molkg −1 )(0.5kg ) 261.32 Ba(NO3 )2 = 38.8 g de Ba(NO3 )2
mol
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1 X 2 bi 1 1
I = zi = ((2 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 22 )(0.01) + (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 )(0.03) = 0.06
2 i b0 2 2
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1 X 2 bi 1 1
I = zi = ((2 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 22 )(0.01) + (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 )(0.03) = 0.06
2 i b0 2 2
1
log γ± = −|1 ∗ 2| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.06 2 = −0.25
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1 X 2 bi 1 1
I = zi = ((2 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 22 )(0.01) + (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 )(0.03) = 0.06
2 i b0 2 2
1
log γ± = −|1 ∗ 2| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.06 2 = −0.25
γ± = 0.56
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1 X 2 bi 1 1
I = zi = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 )(0.02) + (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 )(0.035) = 0.125
2 i b0 2 2
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1 X 2 bi 1 1
I = zi = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 )(0.02) + (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 )(0.035) = 0.125
2 i b0 2 2
1
log γ± = −|1 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.125 2 = −0.18
1
log γ± = −|z+ z− |AI 2
1 X 2 bi 1 1
I = zi = (1 ∗ 12 + 1 ∗ 12 )(0.02) + (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 )(0.035) = 0.125
2 i b0 2 2
1
log γ± = −|1 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.125 2 = −0.18
γ± = 0.661
1 b(LaCl3 ) b(LaCl3 )
I(LaCl3 ) = (1 ∗ 32 + 3 ∗ 12 ) −→ 6 = 6(0.5) = 3
2 b0 b0
1 b(LaCl3 ) b(LaCl3 )
I(LaCl3 ) = (1 ∗ 32 + 3 ∗ 12 ) −→ 6 = 6(0.5) = 3
2 b0 b0
1
log γ± = −|3 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 3 2 = −2.645
1 b(LaCl3 ) b(LaCl3 )
I(LaCl3 ) = (1 ∗ 32 + 3 ∗ 12 ) −→ 6 = 6(0.5) = 3
2 b0 b0
1
log γ± = −|3 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 3 2 = −2.645
1 b(LaCl3 ) b(LaCl3 )
I(LaCl3 ) = (1 ∗ 32 + 3 ∗ 12 ) −→ 6 = 6(0.5) = 3
2 b0 b0
1
log γ± = −|3 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 3 2 = −2.645
1 b(CaCl2 ) b(CaCl2 )
I(CaCl2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) −→ 3 = 3(0.1) = 0.3
2 b0 b0
1 b(CaCl2 ) b(CaCl2 )
I(CaCl2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) −→ 3 = 3(0.1) = 0.3
2 b0 b0
1
log γ± = −|2 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.3 2 = −0.5578
1 b(CaCl2 ) b(CaCl2 )
I(CaCl2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) −→ 3 = 3(0.1) = 0.3
2 b0 b0
1
log γ± = −|2 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.3 2 = −0.5578
γ± = 10−0.5578 = 0.277
1 b(CaCl2 ) b(CaCl2 )
I(CaCl2 ) = (1 ∗ 22 + 2 ∗ 12 ) −→ 3 = 3(0.1) = 0.3
2 b0 b0
1
log γ± = −|2 ∗ 1| ∗ 0.509 ∗ 0.3 2 = −0.5578
γ± = 10−0.5578 = 0.277
0.524 − 0.277
Error = ∗ 100 % = 47.1 %
0.524
1 ! !
1 A|z+ z− |I 2 1 A|z+ z− | 1 0.509
BI 2 = − 1 + ⇒B =−
1
+ ⇒− 1
+
log γ± I 2 log γ± b2 log γ±
1 ! !
1 A|z+ z− |I 2 1 A|z+ z− | 1 0.509
BI 2 = − 1 + ⇒B =−
1
+ ⇒− 1
+
log γ± I 2 log γ± b2 log γ±