Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 1, No. 2 Desember 2023, Hal.

293-300
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62017/merdeka

THE USE OF DUOLINGO TO INCREASE THE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY

MASTERY AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Najwa Lahmady*1

1,2 Universitas
Megarezky
*e-mail: [email protected]

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris tentang pengaruh penggunaan Duolingo
untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kuantitatif dengan
metode Pre-eksperimen dengan melibatkan 24 orang siswa kelas tujuh SMP Nahdiyat Makassar sebagai
sample penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan pre-test dan post-test. Hasil
penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada hasil pre-test nilai mean yang dimiliki adalah 56,67 yang menunjukan
bahwa kemampuan siswa pada pre-test masih sangat rendah sedangkan nilai mean pada post-test adalah
67,29 yang menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan kosakata siswa mulai meningkat. Hasil data yang dianalisis
dengan menggunakan independent sample t-test, menunjukan bahwa Sig.(2-tailed) adalah 0.000 lebih rendah
dari 0.05 sehingga hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima dan hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak. Penelitian membuktikan
bahwa ada peningkatan pada penguasaan kosakata siswa melalui penggunaan aplikasi Duolingo.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan Duolingo dapat meningkatkan
penguasaan kosakata siswa kelas tujuh SMP Nahdiyat Makassar.

Kata Kunci : Kosakata,Duolingo,Meningkatkan

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of using Duolingo to increase
students' vocabulary mastery. This research used a quantitative type with a pre-experimental method
involving 24 seventh grade students of SMP Nahdiyat Makassar as a research sample. Data collection
techniques in this research used a pre-test and a post-test. The results of this research indicate that in the pre-
test results the mean value was 56.67 which indicates that the students' ability in the pre-test was still lack
while the mean value in the post-test is 67.29 which indicates that students' vocabulary mastery was starting
to increase. The results of the data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test, showing that Sig. (2-
tailed) was 0.000 which was lower than 0.05 so that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null
hypothesis (H0) was rejected. Research proves that there was an increase in students' vocabulary mastery
through the use of the Duolingo application. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the
use of Duolingo can increase the vocabulary mastery of seventh grade students at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar.

Keywords: Vocabulary, Duolingo,Increase.

INTRODUCTION
Vocabulary is all the words contained in a language, the wealth of words that a speaker or
writer has, and the words used in a field of mastery(Soedjito Hilaliyah, 2018).Vocabulary is one
aspect of language that must be considered and mastered in order to support fluency in
communicating using Indonesian both orally and in writing. Thus, vocabulary cannot be separated
from words. Words are units of language in free form. Words are the most important elements in
language. Vocabulary consists of words that have meaning.
In addition, vocabulary plays an important role in everyday human life.Vocabulary is a
very important element of language, because one's thoughts can only be understood clearly by
others if what is expressed using vocabulary. The development of one's vocabulary mastery
affects the ability and skills to express ideas and language appropriately. Vocabulary is one of the
important things that need to be understood to learn a language, because without understanding
vocabulary it will make it difficult for us to learn. While the meaning of the word itself is an
element of spoken or written language which is the embodiment of the unity of feelings and
thoughts that can be used in language (Hasanah,L. 2016).
Vocabulary is important for learning English however, there are still many students who
lack knowledge of English vocabulary nowadays. The students tend to feel bored in the classroom

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due to the use of media and the teacher's lack of skills which is monotonous during teaching and
the process of learning vocabulary. Therefore, students find it difficult to understand a sentence
or to express themselves in spoken language. But in this era of globalization, technology plays an
important role in all sectors of human life, including education. Through technology, education is
more diverse and provides students with various opportunities to enhance their knowledge,
learning and access to online learning/educational resources (Cholik ,2021).
Explained that with the rapid development of technology like this, technology can be
utilized optimally for progress in various aspects of life (Cholik ,2021). The use of learning media
in the teaching and learning process can generate new interests and desires, generate motivation
and stimulate learning activities, and even bring psychological influences on learning (Febrita &
Ulfah, 2019). The rapid development of the world of technology has made media a component of
the latest learning tools. It was also continued that the world of education also received a positive
impact in the use of supporting media for learnin gEnglish that was effective, easy, and unique
(Abi Hamid et al., 2020)
To overcome this problem, it is suggested that teachers have several types of teaching
techniques and media, so that students can enjoy mastering vocabulary. To make vocabulary
learning fun and interesting, we can use media. Media is usually used as an additional support in
teacher-centered teaching.According to (Klimova, 2020), there are many media to choose from
either in the form of text, audio, video, or visuals. Currently, many students use mobile
applications (apps) to support their language learning both inside and outside the classroom.
Media in learning is very important in helping convey information. Because teaching vocabulary
without using any media will not give good results. One application that can be used to increase
vocabulary mastery is Duolingo.Duolingo is an educational mobile application and also a website
which consists of many activities with a mix of listening, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar
and speaking. And Duolingo is also one of the most popular language learning applications among
the people (Ahmed, 2016).
Duolingo is one of the application media that adheres to the Mobile Learning concept.
(Ardiansyah & Nana ,2020) revealed that mobile learning is unique learning because users can
access learning materials, directions and matters related to learning, anytime and anywhere.
Duolingo is a language learning android-based program that will guide users step by
step.In this application there are many variations of questions to chose from.The Duolingo
application is very useful for language learning activities because it is equipped materials.This
application is highly recommended for students,both elementary and middle school,high school.
Because it is eqquiped with visual and audio material so that students can easly graps new
vocabulary.Visual materials such as pictures make it easier for students to remember english
vocabulary and audio makes it easear for students to produce or improve peonounciation even
better (Luffianti Gina Puspita,2021:12).
Learning a foreign language through Duolingo, provides a different experience. Each
learning system has elaborated a number of methodological aspects, which guarantee successful
learning. These aspects monitor progress, motivation, feedback and vocabulary. Game mechanics
strategy to create incentives to keep students learning. It is built very much like a computer game
in which the participants must pass a certain level. A learner walks through the levels of the
language tree. The next lesson will be opened after the students have mastered the previous
material. Use can complete different types of exercises including multiple choice, writing and also
speaking into the microphone.
Duolingo mainly uses exercises in lessons. In the learning process, both teachers and
students have their respective roles. Learners must use various strategies to be successful in the
learning process and teachers also have a responsibility in ensuring the success of student
acquisition. It can be said that vocabulary mastery does not only depend on how the learner learns
but also how the material is delivered (Ismail et.all 2017).
Based on research conducted by Jaelani & Sutari (2020), Duolingo can help grade Seven
junior high school students understand learning content; besides using Duolingo students are also
more enthusiastic and motivated to learn English especially to increase vocabulary. Then they also

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stated that the Duolingo platform can also eliminate student boredom in learning. Aulia et al
(2020) also said that the use of the Duolingo Platform had a significant effect on junior high school
students' vocabulary mastery.
Duolingo has been studied by several researchers for its effectiveness in helping students
learn languages. A study by Rachels et al. (2017) showed that Duolingo has a good influence on
students' language achievement. Further evidence of the positive impact of Duolingo comes from
a study reported by Guaqueta et al (2018), where it is proven that Duolingo helps junior high
school students to increase their vocabulary and develop a better attitude towards language
learning due to its fun and dynamic nature. Vocabulary is a key component that junior high school
students must master when learning English. By mastering vocabulary, it is easier for the junior
high school students to understand the language they are learning, especially in spoken and
written conversations.
Based on the results of observations while participating in the batch 4 teaching campus
program at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar, researcher found several problems related to the learning
process. Most the students still lack vocabulary mastery written in reading texts, making it difficult
to find main ideas. Especially in seven grade. Therefore, they cannot understand what is in the
reading text. So they always ask the researcher what the meaning of the word means. This
problem must be resolved because it can make it difficult for students to continue to the next level
or class. They also have low motivation in learning English because they think English is difficult.
And the teacher also uses the lecture method, so students experience boredom in English class.
In several previous research, researchers saw that there were some similarities in the
problems faced by students. And in that research the researchers used Duolingo to overcome
these problems. Because Duolingo is one of the preferred applications, especially for the seven
grade.Because Duolingo has a system gamification which makes students more interested and not
bored in learning. Therefore, researcher interested in researching about “The Use of Duolingo to
Increase the Students’ Vocabulary Mastery of the Seven Grade at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar “.
Instrumen of The Research test , pre-test, post test, and documentation. All teaching process used
lesson plans and focus on learning English using Duolingo. In the treatment, students are given
material focused on learning English by using Duolingo to improve vocabulary mastery. After the
data were collected, the researcher analyzed the score from those tests by calculating the mean of
the pre-test and post-test. The data collected was analyzed in quantitative ways by using SPSS.

METHOD
Research Design provided a suitable framework for research. This research was a
quantitative research with pre-experimental design. In this research experimental there are two
variables they are Independent variable and dependent variable. The population in this research
were all grade students seven grade at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar with 24 students. Based in this
research because the number of population was not more than of the 100 respondents, the
researcher took 100% of the total population in Seventh grade students of SMP Nahdiyat
Makassar as many as 24 respondents. In this research, researcher was conducted research at SMP
Nahdiyat Makassar located at hallway 9 No.12a, Buakana, Kec. Rappocini, Makassar City, South
Sulawesi(Ramli,2023). This research was carried out for two months from March to April 2023.
Where the researcher focused on the vocabulary mastery of sevent grade students at SMP
Nahdiyat Makassar.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Students’ score pre-test
No Value Categories Frequency (F) Percentages Minimum
interval (%) Completen
ess criteria
score: 70

1 86 – 100 Excellent - - -

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2 71 – 85 Good 5 20,8 -
3 56 – 70 Fair 5 20,8 Failed
4 41 – 55 Poor 9 37,5 Failed
5 <40 Very poor 5 20,8 Failed
Total 24 100% 0 (pass the
score of 70)

Based on Table 1, above, it can be seen that in the pre-test of 24 students, there were 9
(37.5%) students whose vocabulary mastery was classified as poor. Then there are still 5
(20.8%) students whose vocabulary mastery was still lack. Based on the results of student
scores, there were 5 students who achieved a minimum completeness score or score of 70.
So that it can be said that students' abilities in the pre-test were still lack.
The researcher used a post-test to determine student achievement after implementing
Duolingo to increase the vocabulary mastery of seventh grade students at SMP Nahdiyat
Makassar. The description of the students' pre-test results can be seen in the table below:
Table 2. Students’ score post-test
No Value Categories Frequency (F) Percentages Minimum
interval (%) Completen
ess criteria
score: 70

1 86 – 100 Excellent - - -
2 71 – 85 Good 12 50,0 Successfull
3 56 – 70 Fair 7 29,2 Failed
4 41 – 55 Poor 3 12,5 Failed
5 <40 Very poor 2 8,3 Failed
Total 24 100% 0 (pass the
score of 70)

From Table 2, above it can be seen that the results of the students' posttest scores
increased. In the students' posttest scores, there were 12 (50.0%) students who had a good
vocabulary mastery classification, 7 (29.2%) students had an adequate classification, 3
(12.5%) students had a poor classification and there were still 2 (8 .3%) students who have
a very bad classification. Based on the table it is known that there are 12 (50.0%) students
who have a score of more than 70. This means that there is an increase in students in the
minimum valid criteria of completeness. An increase in students who meet the minimum
graduation standard proves that the treatment given is effective in boosting student scores.

Table 3. Descriptive Data Analysis

Descriptive Statistics
Std.
N Minimum Maximum Mean Deviation
Pretest 24 35 85 56.67 15,299
Posttest 24 35 85 67,29 14.141
Valid N (listwise) 24
Source : IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22

Based on table 3, above it can be seen that N = Valid 24 and 0 students are not present in
class. The pre-test average was 56.67 and the post-test was 67.29. std. The pre-test deviation was
15.299 and the post-test was 14.141. The minimum score for the pre-test is 35 and the post-test
is 35. The maximum score for the pre-test is 85 and the post-test is 85. Based on the data, it can
be seen that there is an increase between students' pre-test and post-test.

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Table 4. Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic Df Sig. Statistic Df Sig.
Pre-test Experiment .127 24 .790 .127 24 .223
Post-test Experiment .207 24 .221 .207 24 .030
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Source : IBM SPSS Statistic Version 22
From the results of testing the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov Smirnov formal
indicator with an exact approach to the pre-test and post-test data, the results are consistent. The
exact approach to the KS test was used because the sample is relatively small (<100 subjects).
With statistical calculations for the two tests, the p-value for each variable for the pretest was
0.790 > 0.05 and the p-value for the post-test was 0.221 > 0.05. With these results the decision to
Fail to Reject H0 was obtained, namely at a confidence level of 95% (alpha 5%) it was said that
there was sufficient evidence to accept H0 or in other words that the data meets the assumption
of normality.

Table 5. Variance Homogeneity Test Results

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
data Based on Mean .237 1 46 .629
Based on Median .158 1 46 .693
Based on Median and .158 1 45.498 .693
with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean .234 1 46 .631
Source : IBM SPSS Statistic Version 22
Based on the output above, it can be seen that the significance value based on means for
the pretest-posttest group has a value of > 0.05 which was equal to 0.629. Because the
significance value is greater than the test level (0.05), it can be said that there was sufficient
evidence to make a decision to fail to reject H0. Or in other words, the variance of the data
between groups (experiment) is homogeneous.
T –test
Table 6. T-Test Test Results
Paired Samples Statistics
Std. Error
Mean N Std. Deviation Mean
Pair 1 pretest_exp 56.67 24 15.299 3.123
postest_exp 67.29 24 14.141 2.886

Based on the output table of the paired sample test above, it was known that the absolute
t-count value was 4.584, the T-table value in this test with df = 23 is 1.714. With this, the T-count
> T-table or sig (2-tailed) value was 0.000 for the difference in the average pretest and posttest
scores. If T-Count>T-Table and the significance value of p-value < 0.05 then the decision took was
Reject H0. So it can be concluded that there was a significant average difference between the
values before (pretest) and after (posttest). In other words, in this case it can be stated that the
treatment is effective in increasing the post-test scores. These results were confirmed by
statistical calculations where the average value of the pretest before being given treatment
(pretest) was 56.67 points and after being given treatment it was 67.29 points.
This research was conducted to find out whether the use of Duolingo was effective in
increasing the vocabulary mastery of seventh graders at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar. Researcher used

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Duolingo as a medium in improving students' vocabulary mastery so that students are interested
and easily understand lessons.
In this research the researcher used a pre-experimental design using the One Group
Pretest-Posttest Design. In the process of this research, the researcher gave the students an initial
test or pre-test before giving treatment using Duolingo to find out the extent to which students
had mastered vocabulary. Then, the researcher gave a final test or Post-test after being given
treatment using Duolingo. To find out whether the use of Duolingo has an increase in vocabulary
mastery.
The population in this research were all students of class VII. The purpose of this research
was to determine the effectiveness of using Duolingo on the vocabulary mastery of seventh grade
students at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar.In this research, four meetings were held to conduct
treatment. In this treatment, students are given material entitled Basic Expressions, General
Expressions, food and animal names, and Plural words.
Based on the results of research regarding the comparison of statistical values, the number
of samples is 24 students. The pretest score for the lowest score is 35 scores and the highest score
is 85 scores with an average of 56.67. This means that the ability of students before being given
treatment is still lack. Based on previous observations, this happened because most of them lacked
motivation and were bored with learning English. The lowest posttest score was 35 and the
highest score was 85 then the average was 67.29 which means that there was an increase in
students' vocabulary mastery using Duolingo. Based on research conducted by Jaelani & Sutari
(2020), Duolingo can help grade VII junior high school students understand learning content;
besides using Duolingo students are also more enthusiastic and motivated to learn English
especially to increase vocabulary.
The previous idea is in line with previous research by Rachels et al. (2017) showed that
Duolingo has a good influence on students' language achievement. Further evidence about the
positive impact of Duolingo comes from the research reported by Guaqueta et al (2018), where it
was proven that Duolingo helps junior high school students to improve their vocabulary and
develop better attitudes towards language learning because it is fun and dynamic. It can be said
that the hypothesis is accepted, namely that the use of Duolingo effectively increases the students’
vocabulary mastery of the seventh grade at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar.
Increase in the use of Duolingo in vocabulary mastery can be seen through hypothesis
testing, namely by statistical analysis which stated that the value of Sig was 0.000 < 0.05 and t_(
count) of Sig < was 0.000 < 0.05 Thus, H_a was accepted and H_0 was refused.So there was a
significant increase in students' vocabulary mastery after being taught using Duolingo for seventh
grade students at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research that has been done and the discussion that has been
discussed, it can be concluded that there is an effect of Duolingo on increase students' vocabulary
mastery. Because students' vocabulary mastery in the experimental class before and after being
given treatment has increased. It can be seen from the results of the research that the mean value
of the pre-test was 56.67 which indicated that the students' ability in the pre-test was still lack,
while the mean value in the post-test was 67.29 which indicated that the students' vocabulary
mastery was starting to increase. Thus, the researcher can conclude that the answers to the
research question prove that Duolingo is an effective application for increase the vocabulary
mastery of seventh grade students at SMPNahdiyat Makassar. So that the alternative hypothesis
(Ha) was accepted, namely that there was an effect of using duolingo on increase the vocabulary
mastery of seventh grade students at SMP Nahdiyat Makassar.

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