Anemii Hipocrome
Anemii Hipocrome
Anemii Hipocrome
INDICI ERITROCITARI
EXAMINARE FROTIU DE SANGE
HEM
MORFOLOGIC : HIPOCROMIE
VEM
MORFOLOGIC : MICROCITOZA
Anemii hipocrome
(deficit in sinteza Hb)
Protoporfirina + Fe ++ = Hem
+
Globina = HEMOGLOBINA
CLASIFICAREA ANEMIILOR HIPOCROME
Ratia
10 30 mg/24h Hb: 3000mg
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Absorbtie Excretie
(1mg/24h) Plasma: 3mg (1mg/24h)
Rezerve Tesuturi
(1500 mg) (300 mg)
Cedarea Fe de Tf:
Fixarea Tf de RTf
Trecerea prin membran, prin pinocitoz
Cedarea fierului mitocondriei
Rentoarcerea Tf n plasm
Fe n interiorul eritroblastului:
- La nivelul mitocondriei: ncorporat pe cale enzimatic
n protoporfirin HEM
- Fe + apoferitin : FERITINA
- DEPOZITAREA Fe IN MACROFAGE
Hemosiderin
Feritina
ERITROCITE
CIRCULANTE
MADUVA MACROFAGE
OSOASA FICAT (Sistem reticulo-
endotelial)
Fe-TRANSFERINA
PLASMA
INTESTIN
Ciclul fierului la om
Transferina = proteina de transport
Se recicleaza
RTf : GP transmembranara (94000 Da)
Internalizare + endocitoza
Reciclare
Leaga 2 molec. de Tf (4 atomi de Fe)
Expresie: ~ 300.000 molec / BFU-S
~ 800.000 molec / Ebl. Bazo
~ 100.000 molec / Ret.
forma solubila ~ 5,4 mg/L (~ 85000 Da)
reflecta activitatea eritroida a M.O
valori : anemia feripriva, AH, policitemii
valori : hipoplazie med., I.R.
a. feripr. / a. cr. simpla
Figure 28.3. Uptake of transferrin (TF)
by TF receptors (TFRC). Iron (gray
circles) bound to plasma TF (dark
triangles) is delivered to the cell by
binding of Fe2-TF to cell-surface TFRC.
The ligand-receptor complex enters the
cell through invagination of clathrin-
coated pits to form specialized
endosomes. The endosomes become
acidified through the entry of protons,
releasing iron from TF and
strengthening the TFTFRC complex at
low pH. The iron exits the endosome
through the divalent metal ion
transporter 1 (DMT1) to go to sites of
storage and use within the cell (ferritin,
mitochondria). The TF-TFRC complex
then returns to the cell surface, where it
is externalized, and apo-TF is released.
Both TF and TFRC participate, in
multiple rounds of iron delivery.
Proteinele de depozit: feritina si hemosiderina
Feritina
24 subunitati sfera goala 13nm.
cuprinde ~ 3000 atomi de Fe+++ cu un max. de cca 4000 atomi
Fe++ Fe+++ polimerizare
nucleatie
cristalizare (FeOOH)
proteina intracelulara
citozol
atasare la si incorporare in lizozomi (siderozomi)
degradare
transformare in hemosiderina (Mf)
raport intre continutul in
Fe+++ si componenta proteica
insolubila in apa
chelatori
100
80
> 16
< 10
40
35
Coloratia Perls (albastru de Prusia)
Cea mai sensibila metoda pentru evidentierea Fe medular
(~ estimarea depozitelor tisulare).
* Valorile normale
Sideroblasti medulari si siderocite
Cauze evocatoare:
pierderi cr. de sange
nevoi exagerate de Fe
dieta deficitara; malabsorbtie
Proba terapeutica
A.F.
CAUZELE CARENTEI DE FIER
1. Pierderi cronice de sange / Fe
Tract gasto-intestinal:
Boala ulceroasa; HGTH, varice esofagiene, diverticuli, polipi,
hemoroizi, carcinoame; Boala Rendu Osler; Viermi intestinali
Tratament cronic cu aspirina
Tract urinar: hipernefrom, cancer vezical
Hemosideroza pulmonara
HPN, AHM
Pierderi genitale: menstre, avorturi, nastere (M ~ 35 gFe/L;
N >/= 300 gFe)
Lactatia ~ 30 gFe/L.
2. Latent
Hb (g/dL) = N
Rata absorbtiei Fe
Sideremia =
CS al transferinei (>16%)
Feritina serica
Depozite de Fe in Mcf sau epuizate
Protoporfirina Eritrocitara Libera (PEL)
Turnoverul Fe plasmatic
Nespecifice
Astenie, oboseala, dispnee, palpitatii
Paloare, tahicardie
Specifice
Leziuni epiteliale atrofice
Keilita
Atrofia papilelor linguale
Glosita, stomatita
Disfagie Sdr. Plummer-Vinson
Koilonikie
Raspuns:
CLASIFICARE
A.S. ereditare: autosomale; X - lincate
A.S. dobandite:
- A.S. secundare: cancere, limfoame
Alcoolism, Pb, Cu, Izoniazida, Cloramfenicol, Azathioprina,
Melphalan, Nitozuree
- A.S. primare: boala clonala maligna
varstnici
A. refractara
Tratament: B6, catalizatori, CS, ATRA, MEr.
ANEMIA SIDEROBLASTICA