ATV RULES AND STANDARDS

W A S T E W A T E R W A S T E

ATV STANDARD ATV A 203E Wastewater Filtration Using Space following Biological Treatment
April 1995 ISBN 3-934984-34-7

Marketing: Gesellschaft zur Frderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA) Theodor-Heu-Allee 17 D-53773 Hennef Postfach 11 65 . 53758 Hennef

ATV A 203E These principles have been elaborated by ATV Specialist Committee 2.8 "Methods of Advanced Wastewater Treatment following Biological Treatment" which has the following members: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hegemann, Berlin (Chairman) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dohmann, Aachen Dr.-Ing. Firk, Bergheim Prof. Hahn, Ph.D., Karlsruhe Dipl.-Ing. Jost, Zrich Dr.-Ing. Mayer, Kaiserslauten Dr.-Ing. Meyer, Bochum Dipl.-Ing. Peter-Frhlich, Berlin Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ppel, Darmstadt Dr.-Ing. Roth, Stuttgart BDir. Schleypen, Mnchen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sekoulov, Hamburg-Harburg Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolf, Kassel

The Standard presented here has been prepared within the framework of the ATV committee work, taking into account the ATV Standard A 400 "Principles for the Preparation of Rules and Standards" in the Rules and Standards Wastewater/Wastes, in the January. 1994 .version. With regard to the application of the Rules and Standards, Para. 1 of Point 5 of A 400 includes the following statement "The Rules and Standards are freely available to everyone. An obligation to apply them can result for reasons of legal regulations, contracts or other legal grounds. Whosoever applies them is responsible for the correct application in specific cases. Through the application of the Rules and Standards no one avoids responsibility for his own actions. However, for the user, prima facie evidence shows that he has taken the necessary care.

All rights, in particular those of translation into other languages, are reserved. No part of this Standard may be reproduced in any form by photocopy, microfilm or any other process or transferred or translated into a language usable in machines, in particular data processing machines, without the written approval of the publisher. Gesellschaft zur Frderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA), Hennef 1995 Produced by: Carl Weyler KG, Bonn

April 1995

ATV A 203E Contents 1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5. 5.1 5.2 6. Introduction Fundamentals of filtration Procedures Downwards throughflowed filters Upwards throughflowed filters Dry filters Special procedures Effect coverage of wastewater filters Removal of filterable substances with space filters Phosphorus elimination Removal of dissolved substances Dimensioning and operation of wastewater filters Dimensioning Filter flushing Dimensioning example 4 4 5 7 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 14 17

7.

Standard Specifications and Standards

April 1995

ATV A 203E

1. Introduction
This Standard is concerned with communal wastewater. Essentially, the procedures for wastewater filtration aim at the elimination of particular wastewater content substances ( filterable substances) following biological treatment in accordance with the recognised rules of technology. With regard to their function the following well tried methods can be differentiated: wastewater filtration which is limited exclusively to the elimination of filterable substances present in the wastewater; flocculation filtration by which additional filterable substances are produced by means of the addition of precipitation/flocculation agents and/or flocculation aid agents, preferably with the aim of advanced phosphorus elimination, and biologically intensified filtration which, with the aid of suitable filter materials and sufficient oxygen supply aims additionally at the reduction of the organic residual loading of the wastewater and, in certain cases, at a residual nitrification.

The possibility of denitrification in filters following addition of electron donors such as, for example, carbon, is to be assessed case by case with regard to costs, performance and environmental compatibility. The filters employed in wastewater filtration can be divided into: Space filters: normal filter bed height 1 - 2.5 m (suspension retention in the complete filter bed), (Table 1), Surface filters: cloth filters or fine grain filters with a filter layer height of up to 30 cm (suspension retention on the filter surface; no intensified biological effect), (Table 2).

The tested procedures of space filtration are dealt with in this Standard. The following versions are based on this. Surface filtration is not part of this Standard. Due to the multiplicity of the systems on offer no details on operation are given in this Standard.

2.

Fundamentals of Filtration

The filtration effect is based on many different processes of a physical, chemical and biological nature. To these belong: the retention of large particles through the sieve effect between the grains retention of small particles on the surface of the filter medium or on already deposited particles as a result of, inter alia, sedimentation, capture, diffusion, van der Waal's forces, sorption.

Particles and flocs already retained can, dependent on stability and adhesion, be again redeposited deeper in the filter during the filtration process or, in unfavourable cases, can be washed out due to the sheer forces exercised by the flow. April 1995

ATV A 203E With uniformly coarse filter grains and clean filters there are, at first, no or only few particles retained through the sieve action. The total pressure loss (filter resistance) increases while filtration increases at first slowly, linearly. If the pore channels have narrowed sufficiently through the loading, individual and then more and more particles are retained by the sieve effect and the pressure loss subsequently increases exponentially. With uniformly fine filter grains particles are removed mainly by sieving on the surface of the filter bed. This effect represents a surface filtration. The grading of the filter grain from coarse to fine in the direction of flow combines the effects of the storage capacity of the coarse grains for the larger particles with the good sieve effect of the fine grain for the fine particles. The flushing technique is also to be taken into account with the selection of filter grain material in order to continue keeping the desired grading (classification). The biological effectiveness and with this, the removal of dissolved organic substances is significantly influenced by the degree of oxygen supply of the total filter bed. With downwards operated staged filtration aerobic conditions occur only in the upper filter layer due to the small O2 concentration of the filter inlet and with this a slight elimination of dissolved wastewater content substances. With appropriate boundary conditions NO3 oxygen can also slightly improve the biological effect. The desired O2 enrichment improves the efficiency of the elimination of dissolved organic substances and nitrification. With this there are the following possibilities for oxygen supply: enrichment of the inflow with the aid of a pre-aeration. Due to the unique O2 saturation of, for example, 10 mg/l only the nitrification of some 2 mg/l NH4+- N is possible; overdam filtration with surface aeration of the filter body with the aid of an aeration system in the filter bed; dry filtration, by which the wastewater trickles through the filter bed as in a biological filter and is supplied with oxygen via an air flow, either in uniflow or contraflow.

3.

Procedures

The procedures of filtration applied in practice for advanced wastewater treatment can be differentiated in accordance with Tables 1 and 2 by filter medium, filter layers, filtration direction, flushing technique and application purpose. Comprehensive commercial scale experience with space filtration up until now exist only for the filters underlined in Table 1.

Table 1: Space filtration procedures

Design of Flow filter direction medium Flushing cycle Flushing medium Elimination effect* FS Designation

Single layer filter

April 1995

ATV A 203E
Downwards Discontinuou s One filter layer Overdam Upwards Discontinuou s Water Air FS, COD, P FS, COD NH4+ FS, COD, P NH4 FS FS, COD, P FS, COD NH4+ FS, COD, P NH4+ FS, COD, NH4+ FS, COD, P NH4+ Special procedur e
*

Water Air

FS, COD NH4+ FS

Biol. Intensified filter Upwards filter Flocculation filter Biol. Intensified filter Flocculation filter Biol. intensified Multilayer filter Flocculation filter Biol. Intensified filter Flocculation filter Biol. intensified Dry filter Flocculation filter

Two filter layers Trickle film Two filter layers

Downwards Discontinuou s

Water Air

Downwards Discontinuou s

Water Air

Single filter layer

Horizontal or upwards

Continuous

Water Air

FS, (COD, NH4+, P)**

Radial or upwards thru'flowed filter

FS = filterable substance (determined using membrane filtration, pore width 0.45 m

Other than with FS concerned with residual elimination
**

with appropriate equipping

Table 2: Surface filtration procedures

Flow regime Design of Flow filter direction medium One Overdam filter layer Flushing cycle Discontinuou s Downwards Quasi continuous As desired Quasi continuous Flushing medium Water Air Water Water Elimination effect FS FS FS Designation

Pulsed bed filter Cell filter Cloth filter

Back-up Cloth difference

3.1

Downwards Throughflowed Filters

The overdammed, downwards throughflowed filter is set up as a space filter with one layer (single layer filter) or better with two layers (two layer filter) over a filter bed. Figs. 1 and 2 show a schematic drawing of this filter. Multilayer filters with more than two layers have, up until now, not been usual in Germany.

April 1995

ATV A 203E

Fig. 1:

Basic principle of downwards throughflowed filter for throughflow flushing

Fig. 2:

Basic principle of downwards throughflowed filter for overdam flushing

Both with the single layer filter and with the multilayer filter the grain material of each layer is to have a very close grain spectrum d60 U = 1.5. d10 The smallest possible share of fine grain material is to be sought in order to avoid the surface filtration effect. With multilayer filters the upper layer, in comparison with the lower layers, is relatively coarse, however, under operating conditions specifically lighter material (see Table 6 for grain wet density) is selected so that the arrangement of layers is re-established after flushing. Mainly anthracite, pumice stone, swelling shale or swelling clay are used as upper layer materials, while the lower filter layer, as with single layer filters, is almost always filter sand. April 1995

ATV A 203E The inflow in the overdam area is to be introduced gently so that the filter surface is not disturbed. 3.2 Upwards Throughflowed Filters

With upwards throughflowed filters (see schematic diagram in Fig. 3) the space effect is achieved by the decreasing grain size and pore cross-section in the direction of flow. With flushing the filter material, even with equal density, is classified from coarse to fine and thus kept in the desired position. Usually filter sand of grain size 1 to 3 mm is employed as filter material.

Fig.3:

Basic principle of upwards throughflowed filter for throughflow flushing

Fig.3: 3.3

Basic principle of dry filter for throughflow flushing Dry Filters

In the dry filter the wastewater trickles as film over the grain material. The pore space is not filled with water. Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-section through a two layer dry filter in which the air flows in the direction of flow of the wastewater to ensure oxygen supply.

April 1995

ATV A 203E Arrangement of grain and flushing of dry filters corresponds with those of overdam filters. The inflow on to the filter is to be such that the filter material is not disturbed, e.g. through a protective layer made from plastic elements. 3.4 Special Procedures

The following count as special procedures: continuously flushing calibration layer filter continuously functioning radially throughflowed filters.

4.

Effect Coverage of Wastewater Filters

A qualitative assessment of different filtration procedures with regard to their effect is contained in Table 3. Table 3: Effect coverage of different filtration procedures
FS Filtration Biologically intensified filtration Flocculation filtration following simultaneous precipitation or increased biological P-elimination (additional biological intensified) ++ ++ ++ COD 0 + + NH4+ 0 + 0 P (dissolved) 0 + +

(++)

(+)

(+)

(++)

0 = no or slight effect, + = good effect, ++ = very good effect

Table 4: Average values of BOD5, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in filterable substances
BOD5 Sludge loading of pre-deposited biological stage, BDS g BOD5 g FS g COD g FS gP g FS without with simult. Precip./ Biol. P-elimination 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.50.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 < 0.01 <0.01 gN g FS

< 0.15 kg/(kg.d) 0.15 - 0.3 kg/(kg.d)

4.1

Removal of Filterable Substances by Space Filters

With the different filtration procedures filterable substances remaining in the outflow of the secondary sedimentation system can be extensively held back. The discharge values lie very often below 5 mg/l FS. Other wastewater content substances are also removed with the filterable substances. Some information is provided by Table 4. The removal of filterable substances can be impaired with wastewater filters with deliberate biological effect using filter bed aeration. Here influencing variables are

April 1995

ATV A 203E essentially the filter rate (impairment over 5 m/h), the air velocity (impairment over 2.5 - 5 m/h) and the grain size of the filter material employed as well as the filter layer height. 4.2 Phosphorus Elimination (comp. ATV Standard A 202)

Flocculation filtration should be employed for advanced phosphorus elimination only after pre-precipitation or simultaneous precipitation in the previous mechanical-biological wastewater treatment stage or following a biologically reinforced phosphorus elimination with runoff values < 2 mg/l Ptot. In the main Fe3+ salts or aluminium compounds and, as supplement, partially or continuously dosed flocculation aid agents, are employed as the chemicals for flocculation filtration. As guidance value a mol ratio of Fe/P of 2 to 3 can be assumed. Alternatives for the type of chemical, dosing quantities and dosing point should be taken into account during planning. In every case, following the taking into operation of the filtration filter, investigations for performance optimisation are required. Most operational systems are dimensioned as multilayer filters for filtration rates of maximum 15 m/h and between 6 to 8 m/h for dry weather. With an inflow of some 1.0 mg/l P such systems can achieve a mean Ptot runoff value of ca. 0.2 mg/l P. This does not apply for wastewater with an increased non-filterable P component. 4.3 Removal of Dissolved Substances And Residual Nitrification

Normally wastewater content substances which are not held back by membrane filters (0.45m pore width) are designated as dissolved substances. With biologically intensified filtration for residual nitrification and residual COD elimination, the employment of porous or of at least slightly rough or slightly angular filter material is, in addition to a sufficient oxygen supply, of significance. The material structure ensures that the removal of the active biomass during one filter flushing process remains within bounds. With residual nitrification with simultaneous flocculation filtration a detrimental effect on the biological effect is possible due to the use of chemicals. In space filters and flocculation filters no elimination of AOX is to be expected. With the aid of filter material with adsorptive effect or with the employment of adsorptive additives there are, nevertheless, corresponding effects to be achieved.

5.
5.1

Dimensioning and Flushing of Wastewater Filters

Dimensioning

The most important parameter with the dimensioning of filter plants is the filter rate. With space filters, dependent on the selected filtration process, it can be assumed to be Qt = 7.5 m/h; with aerated filters, up to 5 m/h. In cases of wet weather the following rate, taking into account the units being flushed, it is to be limited to 15 or 10 m/h. For operational-technical and economical reasons it is recommended to plan, with discontinuously flushed filters, at least 6 filter units with a filter surface area per unit < 80 m2. With smaller plants (100,000 IPE) and very large plants (> 1M IPE) values deviating from this can be economical. April 1995

10

ATV A 203E With discontinuously flushed filters an overdam height of at least 2.0 m is selected which serves to balance the operationally based increased filter resistance and, at the same time, makes a sufficient volume for the flocculation reaction available with flocculation filtration. Table 5 gives a summary of materials, grain sizes and layer heights which are employed with space filtration (areas of employment and elimination effect see Table 1). With downwards through-flowed multilayer filters the selection of material and the grading of the grain must be oriented to the criteria of the filter flushing (see Sect. 5.2). Table 5: Build-up of filter bed for normal space filters
Downwards through-flowed One layer filter Layer height 0.8 - 1.2 m Material Filter sand Grain [mm] 1.0 - 1.6 1.0 - 2.0 Two layer filter Upper layer layer height 0.8 - 1.0 m Material Anthracite Exp. slate Exp. clay Pumice Grain [mm] 1.4 - 2.5 1.4 - 2.5 1.4 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.5 Upwards throughflowed Layer height 1.2 - 3.0 Material Filter sand Grain [mm] 2.0 - 3.15 Dry filter downwards two layer Upper layer layer height 1.0 - 1.2 m Material Anthracite Exp. Clay Exp. slate Grain [mm] 2.5 - 4.0 2.5 - 4.0 2.5 - 4.0

Lower layer layer height 0.4 - 0.6 m Material Grain Filter sand 0.71 - 1.25 Support Layer* Material basalt, filter gravel Layer height [m]: 0.2 - 0.3
*

Lower layer layer height 0.4 - 0.6 m Material Filter sand Basalt Grain 1.0 - 2.0 1.0 - 2.0

Necessity and grain size to be selected dependent on filter bases and filter material

With the selection of filter materials account should also be taken, with regard to longterm satisfactory operation of the filter plant, of Rules and Standard Specifications from water processing engineering such as, for example, DVGW* Standards W 210, W 211, W 212 "Filtration in Water Processing, Parts 1-3". With special boundary conditions and with the use of special procedures trials should be carried out for the optimisation of the process. 5.2 Filter Flushing Discontinuously operating filters must be regenerated by flushing (as a rule after 24 - 48 hrs.). With flushing the filter bed is loosened and the grain material freed of pollutants which are removed from the filters. The flushing process with multilayer filters is concluded by an intensive clean water flushing for a renewed classifying of the filter bed layers. The flushing cycle is either according to a fixed, laiddown time, according to the achievement of a certain maximum filter resistance or indications of break-up of the filter bed (increased runoff concentration). In the case of wet weather a short-term flushing can be applied which deviates from the normal.

April 1995

11

ATV A 203E Flushing consists of several phases by which it is flushed, from the bottom upwards, with filtered wastewater and/or air. Pure water flushing has, in practice, not proved successful as with this conglomerations of organic masses and filter material cannot be removed. The flushing programme of multilayer filters must take care of both the cleaning of the filter bed as well as the classifying of the individual filter layers, as otherwise the space filter effect is lost. With classifying the flushing rate is so increased that the filter bed is expanded by 20 - 30 %. rates, which can be expected to give corresponding bed expansions, are given in Table 6. Table 6. Summary of material characteristic values and flushing rates for classifying at 20 C water temperature and clean grain
Filter material Grain [mm] Corn mass Solid density 3 density [g/cm3] [g/cm ] * * 1.4 1.4 2.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.4 1.4 2.9 1.3 - 1.5 1.2 - 1.7 1.2 - 1.7 1.1 - 1.6 1.1 - 1.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Debris density [kg/m3] * 720 720 1700 340 650 600 650 600 1500 1500 1500 1500 Flushing rate for a satisfactory expansion [m/h] 55 90 110 55 60 90 60 90 55 75 90 130

Anthracite Basalt Pumice Exp. slate Exp. clay Filter sand

1.4 - 2.5 2.5 - 4.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.5 - 3.5 1.4 - 2.5 2.5 - 4.0 1.4 - 2.5 2.5 - 4.0 0.71 - 1.25 1.0 - 1.6 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3. 15

Guidance values, relevant are the manufacturer's details DVGW = German Association of Gas and Water Specialists

___________________
*

Correction factor of flushing rate for 5 < T < 30C Temperature [C] Correction factor [-] 5 0.87 10 0.92 15 0.96 20 1.0 25 1.04 30 1.12

The hydraulic material characteristic values such as loosening point (start of expansion) and expansion ratio significantly determine the formation of the multilayer filters. It is only with a good agreement of these characteristic values that it can be guaranteed that a clean multilayer filter formation, even following a mixing of material using air flushing, can be re-established with the subsequent flushing with clean water. Theoretically the loosening rate of the upper filter material should be somewhat smaller than or equal to the lower lying layer/material, whereby the expansion coefficient should be respectively larger/the same. Notes on flushing programmes are given in Table 7.

April 1995

12

ATV A 203E If, with a smaller number of filter chambers, the resultant filtrate is insufficient for the flushing of a filter chamber, a large filtrate reservoir is to be provided. To reduce a hydraulic overload of the sewage treatment plant through recirculated sludge water, a sludge water reservoir is also to be provided. Otherwise the sludge water flow is to be taken into account with the hydraulic dimensioning of the sewage treatment plant. Table 7: Example for the flushing programme of an overdammed multilayer filter Phase Purpose Air flow rate [m/h] Water flow rate [m/h] Duratio n [min]

1 2 3 4. 5. 6. 7.

Interruption of inflow Lowering of overdam water level Opening up of filter bed covering Mixture of media with high turbulence Removal of solids Classifying of filter media and separation of layers Taking into service of filter 75 - 100 75 - 100 12 - 20 55 - 90 60 - 100 2.0 5.0 1.5 3.0 2.0 6.0 1.5 2.0 -

The sludge water is fed back to the inflow of the grit chamber, to the pre-treatment storage or to the aeration tank. With the dimensioning and design of sludge water pipelines and reservoirs the possibility of sludge and sand deposits as well as their clearance and possible separate treatment are to be taken into account.

April 1995

13

ATV A 203E

6.

Dimensioning Example

Below is a dimensioning example for a downwards throughflowed filter with constant overdam height, in which values experienced in communal filter plants are applied. With certain boundary conditions (special requirements on filter runoff, employment of new filter procedures), trials on a semi-commercial basis are necessary on the wastewater filtration. Qd Q1 Qm = 54000 m3/d = 3000 m3/d = 5500 m3/h

Monitoring values: COD BOD5 NH4-N Ptot Ntot = 60 mg/l = 10 mg/l = 5 mg/l at T > 12 C = 0.5 mg/l = 18 mg/l

20 mg/l filterable substances are expected in the runoff of the secondary sedimentation stage (see ATV Standard A 131). A filtration plant is planned to meet the increased requirements on effluent quality, in particular with regard to the phosphorus content. For P elimination it is proposed that a biological pre-elimination in combination with simultaneous precipitation in the activated sludge plant and a flocculation filtration is carried out. It is assumed that there is a phosphorus content of 1 mg/l Ptot in the runoff of the secondary sedimentation stage. A downward throughflowed filtration plant with overdam is chosen. Filter rates: Dry weather: vf = 7.5 m/h Combined wastewater inflow: vf = 15.0 m/h Theoretically required filter surface and filter units:
A Filt = 3000 m 3 / h = 400 m 2 for Q t 7 .5 m / h 5500 m 3 / h = 367 m 2 forQ m 15 m / h

A Filt =

The following were taken into account with the selection of the number of filter units: - minimum number of units: 6 - size of the filter surface according to the criteria Qflush Qt - however, filter surface each unit < 80 m2. April 1995

14

ATV A 203E With regard to a free selection of filter material for the planning of the construction maturity planning, a flushing rate of initially 80 m/h is laid down (see Tables 5 and 6).
3000 m 3 / h Ai = = 37.5 m 2 80 m / h

Number of units:

400 m 2 = 10.7 37.5 m 2

selected: 12 units each 34 m2 A prev = 12.34 m2 = 408 m2 > 400 m2 Verification of combined wastewater inflow, taking into account the concurrent flushing of one filter unit.: 5500 m 3 / h = 14.7 m / h < 15 m / h (12 1) 34 m 2 Filter materials and filter bed heights The filters are conceived as two layer filters. Upper layer Lower layer Anthracite Grain Layer height Filter sand Grain Layer height Layer height 14 - 25 mm 10 m 0.71 mm 0.20 m 1.25

Support layer* Filter gravel

* Necessity and grain size dependent on formation of filter base and filter material

Overdam An overdam height of ca. 2 m is selected. The overdam is to be kept constant by opening and closing a gate valve in the runoff of each filter unit. A filter flushing is undertaken if a certain gate valve opening (e.g. 90 %) is reached. Dosing of Precipitant A dosing of iron chloride sulphate (FeClSO4) is foreseen. Should, for example, a mol ratio = 2 be selected, there results an additional quantity of 3 - 4 mg/l Fe3+ with a concentration in the wastewater of 1 mg/l P. Precipitant is dosed into the input of the filter. An intensive mixing of the wastewater and precipitant is ensured in the pipeline to the filter plant and in the feed pumps of the filter plant.

Calculation:

April 1995

15

ATV A 203E With Qt = 3000 m3/h (= 833 l/s) and an Fe addition of 4 mg/l (diluted FeClSO4 solution with 184 g/l Fe3+) the following are dosed 833 Fe = 3332 mg / s iron 4 mg / l or

3332 = 18.1 ml / s diluted FeClSO 4 solution 184

Determination of retained solids

Solids from the runoff of the secondary sedimentation stage: 20 g/m3 . 54000 m3/d Solids from precipitant addition: 54000 m3/d . 4g Fe/m3 . 2.5 g DS in total Less solids in the runoff of the filter: 54000 m3/d . 5 g/m3 Retained in the filter
Flushing programme

= 1080 kg/d DS

= 540 kg/d DS = 1620 kg/d DS = 270 kg/d DS = 1350 kg/d DS

A programme, in accordance with Table 7, is used for filter flushing. The complete flushing programme, including switching pauses, lasts 21 min. Filtrate water is used for flushing the filters. According to Table 7 the filtrate requirement during the flushing of one filter unit is: Phase 4 : 20 m / h 34 m 2 Phase 5 : 50 m / h 34 m 2 Phase 6 : 80 m / h 34 m 2 Total 2 min = 23 m 3 60 min/ h 5 min = 142 m 3 60 min/ h 2 min = 91 m 3 60 min/ h 256 m3

Verification of sufficient quantity of flushing water:

April 1995

16

ATV A 203E

Assumption: Night inf low = 54000 1 = 1286 m 3 / h = 21.4 m 3 / min 42

Maximum requirement (Phase 6): 80 m / h 34 m 2 1 min = 45.5 m 3 / min > 21.4 m 3 / min 60 min/ h

Required filtrate reservoir volume: Q 2 min = ( 45.5 21.4) 2 = 48.2 m 3 Taking into account Phase 5:
142 m 3 = 28.4 m 3 5 min

(28.4 21.4) m 3 / min 5 min = 35 m 3 Sum of the reservoir volumes: 48.2 + 35 = 83.2 m3 If required, the reservoir volume is determined by the inlet chamber of the pump.
Sludge water reservoir:

With the dimensioning of the sewage treatment plant, without a sludge water reservoir, a short-term additional hydraulic surge loading of 80 m/h . 34 m2 =2720 m3/h. would also have to be taken into account. In wet weather such an additional loading is not justifiable. Also, with regard to the sludge water return pump, a reservoir is necessary in which the total sludge water quantity plus a filter overdam can be stored.

VRe s = 256 m 3 + 2 m 34 m 2 = 324 m 3 The reservoir must, with this design, be emptied by the time of the next flushing of the filter.
Extra loading of the sewage treatment plant

60 min/ h 324 m 3 = 926 m 3 / h 21 min Inter alia, with regard to the downstream series filtration, an enlargement of the secondary sedimentation stage is not necessary. The possible short-term higher feeding of the filter is acceptable.

April 1995

17

ATV A 203E

7.
DIN 19605 DIN 19623

Standard Specifications and Standards

Festbettfilter zur Wasseraufbereitung. Aufbau und Bestandteile (Entwurf) Oktober 1993 [Fixed Bed Filters for Water Processing. Design and Components (Draft) October 1993] Filtersande und Filterkiese fr Wasserreinigungsanlagen. Technische Lieferbedingungen, 1978 [Filter Sands and Filter Gravels for Water Treatment Plants. Technical Delivery Conditions, 1978] Filtration in der Wasseraufbereitung, Teil 1, Grundlagen, 1983 [DVGW Rules and Standards, Standard W 210, Filtration in Water Treatment Systems, Part 1, Fundamentals, 1983] Filtration in der Wasseraufbereitung, Teil 2, Plannung und Betrieb von Filteranlagen, 1987 [DVGW Rules and Standards, Standard W 211, Filtration in Water Treatment Systems Part 2, Planning and Operation of Filter Plants, 1987] Filtration in der Wasseraufbereitung, Teil 3, Beurteiling und Anwendung von gekrnte Filtermaterialien (Entwurf 1992) [DVGW Rules and Standards, Standard W 211, Part 3, Assessment and Application of Granulated Filtermaterials (Draft 1992)] Dimensioning of Single Stage Activated Sludge Plants upwards from 5000 Inhabitants and population equivalents, 1991 Verfahren zur Elimination von Phosphor aus Abwasser, 1992 [ATV Standard A202. Procedures for the Elimination of Phosphorus from Wastewater, 1992]

(Translator's note: if there is no known translation into English a courtesy translation is given in square brackets).

DVGW, Regelwerk, Arbeitsblatt W 210 DVGW, Regelwerk Arbeitsblatt W 211 DVGW Regelwerk Arbeitsblatt W 212 ATV Standard A131E ATVArbeitsblatt A202

April 1995

18