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Ion Exchange

The document discusses ion exchange theory and process. Ion exchange uses resin beads that can exchange ions like calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride to produce soft water or demineralized water without these ions. Cation exchange resin removes cations and releases hydrogen ions, while anion exchange resin removes anions and releases hydroxide ions. The resins are regenerated using acids or bases to restore their ion exchange abilities. Ion exchange is useful for producing high-purity water for industrial processes, though it has higher costs than other water treatment methods.

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slchem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
972 views4 pages

Ion Exchange

The document discusses ion exchange theory and process. Ion exchange uses resin beads that can exchange ions like calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride to produce soft water or demineralized water without these ions. Cation exchange resin removes cations and releases hydrogen ions, while anion exchange resin removes anions and releases hydroxide ions. The resins are regenerated using acids or bases to restore their ion exchange abilities. Ion exchange is useful for producing high-purity water for industrial processes, though it has higher costs than other water treatment methods.

Uploaded by

slchem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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WATER

ION-EXCHANGE

THEORY

III) ION EXCHANGE or DEIONIZATION or


DEMINERALIZATION PROCESS
The requirement of boiler feed water should not have any
impurities or should be very near to distilled water. Such
quality of water can be obtained by demineralization
process.
The word soft water means it does not contain hardness
producing substances or ions (Ca & Mg) & it may contain
other ions like Na+, Cl-, K+ etc.
On the other hand de-mineralized water does not contain
any ions including hardness producing one.
Thus every soft water is not de-mineralized water whereas
every demineralized water is soft water.

Ion exchange resin

They are insoluble, cross-linked, long chain organic polymer


with micro-porous structure. And the functional group attached to
the chain is responsible for the ion-exchanging properties.
It may be classified as

WATER

ION-EXCHANGE

THEORY

1) Cation exchange resin 2) Anion exchange resin


It is capable of exchanging cation
It is capable of
exchanging anion
By H+ ion.
By OH- ion.
eg. Sulphonated coal, tannin formaleg. Amino formaldehyde
resin,
-dehyde resin.
Copolymer of styrene,
etc.
They are represented as RH2.
They are represented by
1
R (OH)2
- CH2 CH CH2 CH - CH2 CH CH2 CH

C6H5
- CH C6H5
CH

+
SO 3H
CH2 Nme+3
OHRH2 + Ca2+ --- RCa + 2H+
RH2 + Mg2+ --- RMg + 2H+

R1(OH)2 + SO42- - R1SO4 +


2 OHR1(OH)2 + 2Cl- - R1Cl2 +
2OH-

It removes all cation & releases H+ It removes all anion &


releases OHDue to which water become acidic. Due to which acid is
converted into
2H+ + SO42- - H2SO4
Water.
R1(OH)2 + H2SO4 R1SO4
+ H2O

WATER

ION-EXCHANGE

Diagram

Regeneration

THEORY

The exhausted (saturated) cation exchanger is then


regenerated by passing solution of dil HCl or H2SO4
RCa + 2HCl RH2 + CaCl2
And anoin exchanger is regenerated by solution of caustic
soda (NaOH)
R1Cl2 + 2NaOH R1(OH)2 + 2NaCl

WATER

ION-EXCHANGE

THEORY

Advantages
1) It can be used for softening acidic or alkaline waters.
2) The residual hardness after treatment is less than 2
ppm.
3) It can be used for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other
manufacturing processes.

Disadvantages
1) The resins used are costly, the regeneration chemicals like
acids and alkalis are costlier.
2) The initial investment in equipment is more.
3) Pretreatment is essential to get the best results for turbid
water.

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