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    This experiment tested how different types of stones were affected by acid rain simulated with vinegar over 24 hours. Limestone, quartz, pea stone, and granite samples were submerged in vinegar and their mass measured before and after. Limestone experienced the greatest mass loss at -33.6%, while the other stones' masses changed little. Limestone's chemical makeup of calcite allowed it to dissolve and crumble when exposed to acid. The experiment showed limestone was most vulnerable to damage from acid rain compared to the more resistant quartz, pea stone, and granite.

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    Lab Report

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    121 views7 pages
    This experiment tested how different types of stones were affected by acid rain simulated with vinegar over 24 hours. Limestone, quartz, pea stone, and granite samples were submerged in vinegar and their mass measured before and after. Limestone experienced the greatest mass loss at -33.6%, while the other stones' masses changed little. Limestone's chemical makeup of calcite allowed it to dissolve and crumble when exposed to acid. The experiment showed limestone was most vulnerable to damage from acid rain compared to the more resistant quartz, pea stone, and granite.

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    This experiment tested how different types of stones were affected by acid rain simulated with vinegar over 24 hours. Limestone, quartz, pea stone, and granite samples were submerged in vinegar and their mass measured before and after. Limestone experienced the greatest mass loss at -33.6%, while the other stones' masses changed little. Limestone's chemical makeup of calcite allowed it to dissolve and crumble when exposed to acid. The experiment showed limestone was most vulnerable to damage from acid rain compared to the more resistant quartz, pea stone, and granite.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    121 views7 pages

    Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    api-307666739
    This experiment tested how different types of stones were affected by acid rain simulated with vinegar over 24 hours. Limestone, quartz, pea stone, and granite samples were submerged in vinegar and their mass measured before and after. Limestone experienced the greatest mass loss at -33.6%, while the other stones' masses changed little. Limestone's chemical makeup of calcite allowed it to dissolve and crumble when exposed to acid. The experiment showed limestone was most vulnerable to damage from acid rain compared to the more resistant quartz, pea stone, and granite.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    Laura Trombetta

    23 October 2014
    Period 5

    EFFECT OF ACID RAIN ON DIFFERENT STONE


    OBJECTIVE
    Acid rain causes many problems around the world today. It breaks down and damages structures
    that are made of certain materials. In this experiment, several different types of stones are tested
    in a substance (vinegar) which is acting as acid rain. Because acid rain can have a pH of
    between 5 and 5.5, vinegar can be substituted and still get similar results because its pH is
    around 2.2 (Helmenstine). The acidity is stronger, making the effects more exaggerated. The
    experiment is only conducted within 24 hours so the stronger acidity will make the stones
    damage faster. The independent variable is the type of stone tested. The dependent variable is
    the percent change in mass of the stones.
    INTRODUCTION
    Acid rain is precipitation with a higher level of acid in it than normal. It is caused by gases and
    elements being mixed with the moisture in the air to make the rain more acidic than it would
    normally be. Precipitation needs to have a pH of between 5 and 5.5 in order to be classified as
    acid rain (Watson). Acid rain can be a threat to the environment in some areas where the animals
    may not be able to survive in those conditions. Acid rain not only eats away at plants and
    animals habitats, it also damages architectural structures. This experiment tests which types of
    stones are more easily damaged by acid rain than others.

    EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE


    Materials
    Ziplock bag
    Sharpie markers
    graduated cylinders
    vinegar, 20 mL per sample tested to soak samples in for 24 to 48 hours
    electronic balance
    samples of stone: limestone, quartz, red sandstone, granite composition
    pH paper
    safety goggles, lab aprons
    Procedure
    1. Before using any other materials, put on safety goggles and a lab apron. Gather all supplies.
    2. Use the Sharpie marker to label the 4 bags with a different type of stone: limestone, pink
    quartz, pea stone, and granite composition. Put name on all the bags.
    3. Pour 20 mL of vinegar into the graduated cylinder and then pour that into the bag labeled
    limestone. Repeat that same process with bags labeled pink quartz, pea stone, and granite
    composition. Close the Ziplock bags.
    4. Using pH paper, measure the pH of the vinegar of one bag and record it in the data table.
    5. Place each stone separately on the electronic balance and record the mass in the data table.
    6. One by one, place the pieces of stone into the corresponding bags, sealing the bag after. Place
    the bags in a spot where they can sit undisturbed for 24 hours.

    7. After 24 hours, record the pH of the vinegar again. Drain out the vinegar while holding the
    stone (from the outside of the bag) in the bag. Then remove the stone from the bag and place it
    on the balance. Record data.

    DATA
    Mass and pH of Stones
    Type of
    Stone

    pH of
    vinega
    r
    before
    3

    pH of
    vinega
    r after

    Pink
    Quartz
    Pea Stone

    Granite
    Compositi
    on

    Limestone

    Initial
    mass
    of
    stone
    1.46
    g
    2.59
    g
    1.11
    g
    6.83
    g

    Mass
    after
    24
    hours
    1.04
    g
    2.4 g

    Differen
    ce from
    initial to
    end
    -0.42

    Percent
    Differen
    ce

    -0.19

    -7.6%

    1.13
    g
    6.85
    g

    +0.02

    +1.79%

    +0.02

    +0.29%

    -33.6%

    Characteristics of Stones
    Type of Stone
    Limestone

    Before
    Sandy/flaky/grey

    In bag
    Very bubbly

    Pink Quartz
    Pea Stone

    Pink+white/hard/solid
    Looks
    layered/speckled
    Shiny/black+silver

    Small air bubbles


    Small amount of air
    bubbles
    bubbles

    Granite Composition

    After
    Turned water
    brown/was sandy
    Slightly dissolved
    No change
    No change

    INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

    Mass Difference

    MD Pink

    MD Pea Stone

    MD Granite

    Limestone

    Quartz

    1.13-

    Composition

    2.59-

    1.11=0.02

    6.85-6.83=0.02

    1.46-1.04=0.42
    Percent Difference
    Limestone

    (PD) Pink Quartz

    1.46+1.04=2.52.59+2.4=4.99
    2.5/2=1.25

    4.99/2=2.495

    2.4=0.19
    (PD) Pea Stone
    1.11+1.13=2.2
    4

    0.42/1.25=.3360.19/2.495=.07

    2.24/2=1.12

    .336*100=33.66

    0.02/1.12=0.01

    (PD) Granite
    Composition
    6.83+6.85=13.68
    13.68/2=6.84
    0.02/6.84=0.0029
    0.0029*100=0.29

    pH of Vinegar Before and After


    (Grams)
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
    0
    Stone Type
    Limestone Before

    Limestone After

    Pink Quartz Before

    Pink Quartz After

    Pea Stone Before

    Pea Stone After

    Granite Composition Before

    Granite Composition After

    Percent Mass Change of Stones


    5
    0
    Stone
    -5
    -10
    -15
    -20
    -25
    -30
    -35
    -40

    Limestone
    Pink Quartz
    Pea Stone
    Granite Composition

    Conclusion
    1) Limestone, out of all the stones tested, was damaged the most by the acid rain.
    2) According to the evidence in the data table, the initial mass of limestone was 1.46 grams and
    after soaking in vinegar for 24 hours it diminished to 1.04 grams. This shows that the mass
    change of limestone was -33.6% because the mass went down. Pink quartz started off at 2.59
    grams and after soaking in vinegar, it was 2.4 grams. This stones mass decreased by 7.6%. The
    initial mass of the pea stone was 1.11 grams. The ending mass was 1.13 grams. This stone
    showed an increase of 1.79%. Granite composition started off as 6.83 and ended as 6.85 grams.
    This is an increase of 0.29%. Limestone definitely acquired the most damage out of the four
    stones. Its mass decreased by 33.6%, which is much more than the other stones.
    3) Limestone was damaged the most by the acid rain because of its chemical makeup. It is made
    of a substance called calcite. When the two substances mix, they produce a fizz, which the
    qualitative data table supports. When the limestone was dropped into the bag of vinegar, it
    started bubbling (King). The observations in the qualitative data table show that the limestone
    appeared sandy and flaky while the other rocks were mostly solid and hard. Because
    limestone was flaky, it was much more corrosive than the others. That would make its mass go
    down much more than the other stones.

    References
    Helmenstine, Anne M. "pH of Common Chemicals." About Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct.
    2014.
    King, Hobart. "The "Acid Test" for Carbonate Minerals and Carbonate Rocks." Geology.com.
    N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.

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