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    Statistical Molecular Thermodynamics: Christopher J. Cramer

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    Alvaro
    The document discusses the ideal gas equation of state and its relationship to key principles of thermodynamics. The ideal gas equation relates pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), number of moles of gas (n), and the universal gas constant (R). The ideal gas equation can be written as PV=nRT or V/n=RT. This equation describes several observed gas laws, including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Amonton's law. The gas constant was determined through experiments measuring different gases at low pressures and 273.15K, yielding a value of approximately 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K.

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    Statistical Molecular Thermodynamics: Christopher J. Cramer

    Uploaded by

    Alvaro
    25 views6 pages
    The document discusses the ideal gas equation of state and its relationship to key principles of thermodynamics. The ideal gas equation relates pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), number of moles of gas (n), and the universal gas constant (R). The ideal gas equation can be written as PV=nRT or V/n=RT. This equation describes several observed gas laws, including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Amonton's law. The gas constant was determined through experiments measuring different gases at low pressures and 273.15K, yielding a value of approximately 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K.

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    Termo video

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    ThermoVid_2_01

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    The document discusses the ideal gas equation of state and its relationship to key principles of thermodynamics. The ideal gas equation relates pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), number of moles of gas (n), and the universal gas constant (R). The ideal gas equation can be written as PV=nRT or V/n=RT. This equation describes several observed gas laws, including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Amonton's law. The gas constant was determined through experiments measuring different gases at low pressures and 273.15K, yielding a value of approximately 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views6 pages

    Statistical Molecular Thermodynamics: Christopher J. Cramer

    Uploaded by

    Alvaro
    The document discusses the ideal gas equation of state and its relationship to key principles of thermodynamics. The ideal gas equation relates pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), number of moles of gas (n), and the universal gas constant (R). The ideal gas equation can be written as PV=nRT or V/n=RT. This equation describes several observed gas laws, including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Amonton's law. The gas constant was determined through experiments measuring different gases at low pressures and 273.15K, yielding a value of approximately 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Statistical Molecular

    Thermodynamics
    Christopher J. Cramer
    Video 2.1
    Ideal Gas Equation of State

    Gases Are the Simplest Phase

    Their dilute character permits the


    study of relationships between
    temperature, pressure, and
    volume, that illustrate key
    principles of thermodynamics. The
    empirical study of gases revealed
    many apparent laws.

    Ideal Gas Equation of State


    An equation of state details the mathematical relationship
    between the physical observables pressure (P), volume (V),
    and temperature (T)
    The Ideal Gas obeys:

    PV = nRT

    or

    V
    PV = RT, V =
    n

    universal gas constant


    Some definitions:

    molar volume

    mass

    energy

    extensive variable
    - depends on the size of the system (e.g., V, m, E)

    density

    intensive variable
    - does not depend on the size of the system (e.g., T, P, )

    Observed Ideal Gas Laws


    PV = nRT

    or

    V
    PV = RT, V =
    n

    At constant T, the product of P and V must be constant (Boyles Law)

    (constant T )
    T must be constant (Charles Law)
    At
    constant P, the ratio of V and
    P1V1 = P2 V2

    V1 V2
    =
    T1 T2

    (constant P )

    At constant V,n the ratio of P and T must be constant (Amontons Law)


    P1 P2
    =
    (constant V,n)

    T1 T2

    At constant P,T the ratio of V and n must be constant (Avogadros Law)


    V1 V2
    =
    (constant P,T )
    n1 n 2

    Temperature and the Gas Constant


    Operational definition of temperature:
    Using Amontons law, can extrapolate P vs T for a
    sealed, fixed volume to P = 0 in order to define T = 0

    PV
    T = lim
    P0 R

    Another fixed temperature, the triple point of water, is


    T / C = T / K 273.15
    taken to be 273.16 K, which permits assignment of R

    H2
    273.15 K measurements
    At low pressures, all gases
    converge to ideal behavior
    PV (273.15) = 22.414 L atm mol1

    N2
    CO2

    Temperature and the Gas Constant


    Determination of universal gas constant:
    0.082058 Latmmol1K1
    0.083145 Lbarmol1K1
    83.145 cm3barmol1K1
    8.3145 Jmol1K1

    PV
    R = lim
    P0 T

    H2

    273.15 K measurements
    At low pressures, all gases
    converge to ideal behavior
    PV (273.15) = 22.414 L atm mol1

    N2
    CO2

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