Basic Drilling Engineering

Basic Drilling Engineering
Contents
 WHY WE DRILL
 PROSPECT SELECTION
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 MODIFICATION IN DRILLING
 TYPES OF DRILLING
 WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF
DRILLING
 CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
 RIG COMPONENTS
 ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING
 MUD TYPES & THEIR USAGE
 WHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION
Why We Drill
 TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE
 TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH
 TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS

Prospect Selection
 In case of Production wells, prospect selection is
identified by the need to maintain or increase reservoir
production
 Exploration wells require geological and geophysical
data gathering, processing and evaluation
• Surface geological study
• Subsurface mapping
• Identification of structures e.g. anticlines, salt
domes, fault traps, sand bodies lenses
• Seismic Evaluation
Historical Background
 1808 PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE

FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL
 1859 CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING
 1918 WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE

TOOL ( 7386 ft )
 1930 ROTARY DRILLING
Modification In Drilling
Cable Tool Rotary Drilling Coil Tubing
BY THE PONDING BY THE ROATARY USED FOR THE

ACTION OF THE ACTION OF THE HORIZONTAL &
DRILLING BITS DRILL BITS MULTILATERAL
DRILLING
What are the different Well Locations
in terms of Drilling
Onshore and Offshore
Basic Drilling Rig Functions
 HOISTING
• DEERICK
• DRAW WORKS
• BLOCKS
• HOOK
 ROTATING
• ROTARY TABLE
• SWIVEL
• KELLY
Basic Drilling Rig Functions
 CIRCULATING
• PUMPS
• STAND PIPES
• SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT
 CONTROLLING
• BLOWOUT PREVENTOR
• CHOKE SYSTEM
Rig Components (Hoisting System)
DERRICK
The function of a derrick is to
provide vertical clearance to the
raising and lowering of drill string
into and out of borehole
Two type of Derricks
Standard Derricks - it is of bolted
construction and assembled part
by part
Mast – a portable derrick, one
capable of being erected as a unit
CROWN BLOCK
The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves)
located at the top of the derrick or mast
over which the drilling line is threaded.
TRAVELLING BLOCK
A pulley (sheave) assembly that
connects the drilling line to the
hook and swivel
DRAWWORKS
 It is the control center from

which the driller operates the
rig. It contains clutches, chains
and other controls
 It houses the drum which spools
drilling line during hoisting and
allows feed off during drilling
Rig Components (Rotating System)
KELLY
 A Kelly is a square or
hexagonal length of pipe that
fits into a bushing in the rig's
rotary table. As the rotary
table turns to the right, the
Kelly turns with it.
 The main function of a Kelly RAT HOLE
is to transfer energy from the
rotary table to the rest of the
drill string
SWIVEL
 It suspends the drill string
and allows rotation at the
same time
KELLY
ROTARY TABLE
DRILL PIPES
Drill pipe furnishes the
necessary length for drill
string and serves as a
conduit for the drilling fluid
DRILL COLLARS
Provides weight and
stability to the drill bit,
maintain tension on the drill
pipe and help keep the hole
on a straight course
• HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES
provides additional hole stability
and aids in directional control
• STABILIZERS
centralize the drill collars, help
maintain the hole at full-gauge
diameter
• JARS
provides sharp upward or
downward impact to free stuck
pipe
• REAMERS
helps to maintain a full-gauge
hole diameter
• CROSS OVER SUBS
which join components having
different types of connections.
BITS
Most critical component in rotary drilling
operations. Different types of bits
Two main type of bits:
Rolling cutter bits - consist of cutting
elements arranged on cones (usually three
cones, but sometimes two) that rotate on
bearings about their own axis as the drill
string turns the body of the bit. These bits
can have teeth or buttons
• Fixed cutter bits - also
known as drag bits, consist of
stationary cutting elements that
are integral with the body of the
bit and are rotated directly by
the turning of the drill string.
The principal types of fixed
cutter bits are
• natural diamond
• polycrystalline diamond
compact (PDC)
Circulating System
Rig Components (Circulating System)
MUD PUMPS
 Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at the

desired pressure and volume
 The pump normally used for this service is
reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex type
STANDPIPE
 A rigid metal conduit that provides the high-

pressure pathway for drilling mud to travel
approximately one-third of the way up the derrick
where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose
(Kelly hose)
 Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes so
that downtime is kept to a minimum if one
standpipe requires repair
Rig Components (Power System)
PRIME MOVRES
 These are used to supply power
to drilling operations. These
can be steam engines, electric
motors, internal combustion
engine
 The bulk of rig power is
consumed in two operations
namely circulation of fluid and
hoisting
Rig Components (Controlling System)
BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP)
 If the formation pressure is more than
the imposed by drilling fluid, in this
case formation fluids flow into
borehole and eventually to the surface.
This effect is called blowout
 The main function of blowout

preventers is to close the annular space
between the drill pipe and casing
ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY
DRILLING
 DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
 HORIZONTAL DRILLING
 MULTILATERAL DRILLING
 COIL TUBING DRILLING

Drilling Hazards
 Tools dropped while drilling

 Pipe stuck
 Increased size of hole
 Lost circulation problems
 Sloughing shale
What we call a successful Drilling
Operation
Through which we get our desired

results without any accidents.
Quiz Test
Q.1 The first commercial well was drilled by
Q.2 write down the names of hoisting

equipment
Q.3 What is the function of Derrick ?
Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ?
Q. 5 what is the Latest Technique of drilling?

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Basic Drilling Engineering

 TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE

 TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH

 TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS

 1808 PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE

 1859 CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING

 1918 WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE

Cable Tool Rotary Drilling Coil Tubing

BY THE PONDING BY THE ROATARY USED FOR THE

 It is the control center from

 Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at the

 A rigid metal conduit that provides the high-

 The main function of blowout

 COIL TUBING DRILLING

 Tools dropped while drilling

Through which we get our desired

Q.2 write down the names of hoisting

Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ?

Q. 5 what is the Latest Technique of drilling?

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