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    The Main Kāraka Definitions and Examples From The Kātantravyākara A

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    Mattia Salvini
    1. The document defines and provides examples for the six main kāraka relations according to the Kātantravyākaraṇa: apādāna, sampradāna, adhikaraṇa, karaṇa, karma, and kartṛ. 2. Each kāraka relation is defined by the role it plays in an action such as the source, recipient, location, instrument, object, or agent. 3. Examples are given for each kāraka relation using Sanskrit sentences to illustrate how they function in actions.

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    The Main Kāraka Definitions and Examples From The Kātantravyākara A

    Uploaded by

    Mattia Salvini
    73 views6 pages
    1. The document defines and provides examples for the six main kāraka relations according to the Kātantravyākaraṇa: apādāna, sampradāna, adhikaraṇa, karaṇa, karma, and kartṛ. 2. Each kāraka relation is defined by the role it plays in an action such as the source, recipient, location, instrument, object, or agent. 3. Examples are given for each kāraka relation using Sanskrit sentences to illustrate how they function in actions.

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    A study tool for syntactical relations in Sanskrit

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    The main Kāraka definitions and examples from the Kātantravyākaraṇa

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    1. The document defines and provides examples for the six main kāraka relations according to the Kātantravyākaraṇa: apādāna, sampradāna, adhikaraṇa, karaṇa, karma, and kartṛ. 2. Each kāraka relation is defined by the role it plays in an action such as the source, recipient, location, instrument, object, or agent. 3. Examples are given for each kāraka relation using Sanskrit sentences to illustrate how they function in actions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    73 views6 pages

    The Main Kāraka Definitions and Examples From The Kātantravyākara A

    Uploaded by

    Mattia Salvini
    1. The document defines and provides examples for the six main kāraka relations according to the Kātantravyākaraṇa: apādāna, sampradāna, adhikaraṇa, karaṇa, karma, and kartṛ. 2. Each kāraka relation is defined by the role it plays in an action such as the source, recipient, location, instrument, object, or agent. 3. Examples are given for each kāraka relation using Sanskrit sentences to illustrate how they function in actions.

    Copyright:

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    The main Kraka definitions and examples from the Ktantravykaraa

    Apdnakraka yatopaiti bhayam datte v tad apdnam ||2.4.8|| yata | from which || apaiti | (something) moves away || bhayam | fear || datte | (someone) receives, takes || v | or || tat | that || apdnam |removal-point || That from which something moves away; fear comes; or someone receives something; that is the apdna. yasmd apaiti yasmd bhaya bhavati yasmd datte v tat krakam apdnasaja bhavati | yasmt | from which || apdna-sajam | named apdna || That 1.from which something moves away; 2.from which fear comes about or; 3.from which someone receives something; that is the kraka having the name apdna. vkt para patati | vkt | from the tree || param | the leaf || patati | falls || 1. The leaf falls from the tree. vyghrd bibheti | caurd vijate | vyghrt |of the tiger || bibheti | (someone) is afraid || caurt | from the thief ||vijate | (someone) recoils || 2. He is afraid of the tiger. He recoils from the thief. updhyyd adhte | updhyyd gamayati || updhyyt | from the preceptor || adhte |(someone) learns || gamayati |(someone) acquires knowledge || 3. He learns from the preceptor. He acquires knowledge from the preceptor.

    Sampradnakraka yasmai dits rocate dhrayate v tat sapradnam ||2.4.10|| yasmai | that (to) whom || dits |wish to give || rocate | (something) is agreeable || dhrayate |(someone) takes care of ||v | or || tat | that || sapradnam | recipient || That, to whom there is a wish to give; to whom something is agreeable; or for whom someone takes care of something; is the recipient. yasmai datum icch yasmai rocate yasmai dhrayate v tat kraka sapradna-saja bhavati | yasmai | that (to) whom ||datum | to give || icch | wish || sapradna-sajam | named sapradna || That, 1. to whom there is a wish to give; 2. to whom something is agreeable or 3. for whom someone takes care of something; that is the kraka having the name of sapradna. brhmaya g dadti | brhmaya | to the Brahmin || gm | cow || dadti | (someone) gives || 1. He gives a cow to the Brahmin. devadattya rocate modaka |yajadattya svadate dadhi | devadattya | to Devadatta || rocate | is agreeable || modaka | the sweet called modaka || yajadattya | to Yajadatta || svadate | tastes delicious || dadhi | yoghurt || 2. The sweet called modaka is agreeable to Devadatta. Yoghurt tastes delicious to Yajadatta. (=Devadatta likes modaka; Yajadatta likes yoghurt). viumitrya g dhrayate | viumitrya | for Viumitra || gm | cow || dhrayate | (someone) takes care of || 3. He takes care of the cow for Viumitra.

    Adhikaraakraka ya dhras tad adhikaraam ||2.4.11|| ya | that which || dhra |support, container || tat | that || adhikaraam | context || That, which is the container/support, is the context. dhriyante kriy yasminn ity dhra || dhriyante | are contained || kriy | actions || yasmin | within which || iti | thus || dhra | context || Actions are contained in it, that it is the context. dhro yas tat krakam adhikaraa-saja bhavati | dhra | support, container || ya | that which || tat | that || adhikaraa-sajam | named adhikaraa || That which is the container/support, that is the kraka having the name adhikaraa. kaa ste | kae | on the straw-mat || ste | (someone) sits || He sits on the straw-mat. tileu tailam | tileu | in the sesame-seeds || tailam | sesame-oil || There is sesame-oil in the sesame-seeds. divi dev | divi | in the sky || dev | the gods || Gods are in the sky.

    Karaakraka yena kriyate tat karaam ||2.4.12|| yena | through which || kriyate | (something) is done || tat | that || karaam |instrument || That, through which something is done, is the instrument.

    kartr yena kriyate tat kraka karaa-saja bhavati | kartr | by the agent || yena | that through which || kriyate | (something) is done || tat | that || karaa-sajam | having the name instrument || That, through which something is done by the agent, is the kraka having the name of karaa.

    dtrea dhnya lunti | dtrea |with a sikle || dhnyam | coriander || lunti | (someone) reaps || He reaps coriander with a sickle. manas meru gacchati | manas |with the mind || merum | Meru (name of a mountain) || gacchati | (someone) reaches || He reaches Meru with his mind.

    Karmakraka yat kriyate tat karma ||2.4.13 || yat | that which || kriyate | (something) is acted upon, made, created || tat | that || karma |object || That which is acted upon/made/created is the object. kartr yat kriyate tat kraka karma-saja bhavati | kartr |by the agent || karma-sajam | having the name object ||

    That which is acted upon/made/created by the agent is the kraka having the name karma. kaa karoti | kaam | straw-mat || karoti | (someone) makes || He makes a straw-mat. odana pacati | odanam | rice || pacati | (someone) cooks || He cooks rice. ditya payati | dityam | sun || payati | (someone) sees || He sees the sun.

    Kartkraka ya karoti sa kart ||2.4.14 || ya | the one who || karoti | (someone) acts || sa | that || kart |agent || The one who acts is the agent. ya kriy karoti sa kart-sajo bhavati | kriym | the action || kart-saja | having the name agent || The one who acts out the action has the name of kart. chtrea hanyate | chtrea | by the student || hanyate | striking is done || Striking is done by the student. caitrea ktam || caitrea |by Caitra | ktam | made || Made by Caitra.

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