Kon Komba 2010
Kon Komba 2010
Kon Komba 2010
WORKBOOK
(Oral Proficiency Learning)
Acknowledgement
Peace Corps Togo is very pleased to present the first ever Bassar local language manual to Peace Corps Togo Trainees and Volunteers. This manual has become a reality due to the meticulous work of many people. The training team expresses its deepest gratitude to the Peace Togo Country Director Rebekah Brownie Lee. Her support is tremendous. The team is grateful to Peace Corps Togo Admin Officer, Kim A.. Sanoussy and all the Administrative Staff for their logistical support and for having made funds available for this material development. A genuine appreciation to the language Testing Specialist Mildred Rivera-Martinez, the Training Specialist Rasa Edwards, to Stacy Cummings Technical Training Specialist, and all the Training Staff from the Center for their advice and assistance. A sincere gratitude to Peace Corps Togo Training Manager Blandine Samani-Zozo for her guidance and lively participation in the manual development. A word of recognition to all Peace Corps Volunteers who worked assiduously with the training team by offering their input. Congratulations to Trainers Bolpi Yandjr, Ismael Morou, Simon Yao Gbogla and the Training Secretary Jean B. Kpadenou who have worked diligently and conscientiously to develop this manual.
To the learner
Congratulations to all of you Peace Corps Trainees and Volunteers for your acceptance to learn a new language. Of course learning a new language is not easy, but with dedication you will make it and achieve your goals. This manual is competency based and contains useful expressions related to all training components such as technical, health, safety and security. This will build up your ability to communicate in local language and will bring you closer to the community with which you will work. This capacity will also enable you to know your community better. You will participate effectively and with increased personal satisfaction in the type of cultural and technical exchange that Peace Corps has been advocating for since its creation. Some suggestions for succeeding in this learning process is being receptive and taking risks. Use the new language, analyze it and be methodic. Search for new words with friends, host families, and counterparts. The training staff invites you to share your comments in the event that it becomes necessary to revise the material. Any kind of feedback would be most welcomed. Send it to: Peace Corps Togo Training Manager PO Box: 3194 Lom, Togo Have fun and enjoy using this manual
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Table of Contents
Page Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................... i To the learner .......................................................................................................................... ii KONKOMBA ALPHABET .................................................................................................. 1 Lesson 1 Greetings ................................................................................................................. 3 Lesson 2 Introduce oneself and someone else .................................................................... 10 Lesson 3 Introduce ones family ........................................................................................ 16 Lesson 4 Buying essential items ......................................................................................... 25 Lesson 5 Talk about food habits of the host country ....................................................... 37 Lesson 6 Invite someone, accept or decline an invitation ................................................ 44 Lesson 7 Talk about daily activities .................................................................................. 49 Lesson 8 Ask for and give direction and time .................................................................. 56 Lesson 9 Talk about transportation ................................................................................... 64 Lesson 10 Talk about ones state of health ........................................................................ 71 Lesson 11 Express ones sympathy in a happy or sad event ............................................ 76 Lesson 12 Ask for help in an emergency case.................................................................... 80 Lesson 13 Talk about her/his work .................................................................................... 86 Useful expressions ................................................................................................................. 92 English to KONKOMBA Glossary...................................................................................... 95
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KONKOMBA ALPHABET
Here is The Konkomba alphabet A a M m W W B b N n Y y CH ch NY ny D d
E e
M
F f O o
G g
GB gb P p
I i R r
J j S s
K k T t
KP kp U u
L l
Pronunciation (similar sound in English) father boy dog mate fish go say ''egg-beater'' fast ; drop the ''-ter'' then the first ''e'' hat feet John kitchen say pick-pocket fast; drop the ''-ket'' then the ''pi'' lady man net
Konkomba Example
nna Ubo da Nte falaa gaa Ngbaan si
English Translation Mother child buy father suffering take Please/I beg you
h i j k kp l m n
ny o p r s t u ch w y
sing French "peigner", Spanish "seor" no paw, log; ball pick Africa (but roll the "r" a little) sit tip loop Like ch in english church wish
eye
un inyi Togo mmk ipaar Afrika skul Litaakpal skul chicha uwnkr
understand Teeth Togo Together Benefit/Profit Africa School rock School Teacher Trader Name
Liyimbil
Nasalized vowels The sign ~, slight sound of an, over the vowel indicates that it is nasalized. Examples: Tones konkomba is a tonal language as are most African languages. The major tones are: High (/) Fnn = wash Low (\) Fnn = wake up
Iaan
broom
Lesson 1 Greetings
Objectives: After studying this lesson on greetings, trainees will be able to: 1) Use specific vocabulary related to greetings to greet people at the different times of the day 2) Use adequate verbs in the present tense 3) Discuss at least three cultural notes related to greetings 4) Communicate, to build social relationship and friendship in konkomba communities in order to support their personal safety and security. 5) Practice greeting in the community while respecting the culture of the konkomba community.
Dialogue Its seven a.m. Jagre meets Piigre his neighbor and they greet.
Jagre: Piigre: Jagre: Piigre: N doon pn Laafia. Linampal pn? Laafia. Mbim pn Laafia.
Jagre:
Piigre: Jagre: Piigre:
Lituln pn?
Laafia. Nia n-yoonn T, I doon linampal
Dialogue in English
Jagre:
Good morning, Piigre: Good morning. How is the house (your family) Jagre: Fine.How are kids doing? Piigre: Fine. Jagre: How is the work? Piigre: Fine Jagre: See you later Piigre: Bye, say hello to the house (family) Cultural notes
Greeting is a moral and social obligation that should not be neglected. Its a sign of respect. You greet people first before you talk about anything else. For an elder, a Chief or a notable you bend down or genuflect while greeting. You dont snap fingers with elders and women. You initiate greeting with elders but not hand shaking. Greeting is not only to ask about peoples health but also to show interest in a person or to engage in conversation. Greeting eases your integration and acceptance in the community. Therefore people are ready to help you whenever you have a problem or a safety and security issue.
(06h00 11h00)
I pn kinyee? Ni nyan naa? (very formal for elders) Ini nwiin (12h 14h)
Nwiinbu
Kijook Kinyeek
Some verbs
Fnn Geen Tii kibo Doon Kii idoon gaa Tii
How are the members of your family? house How are the children? Are things going well? Yes, things are going well 5
I pn kinyee?
Ni pn kinyee?
Ni doon pn? Ini nwiin? Nini nwiin I ni kijook Ni ni kijook Nia foon Nia daalbaadaal
Geen tiann
I buen ki dan I chuu tiann Ini lituln/ Nia daalbudaal Ini nsin/ nsin (pn)
Uwumbr cheen si
Good afternoon(sing) God afternoon(plural) Good evening (sing)? Good evening (plural)? See you tomorrow See you next time Sleep well Go and come back Safe journey Thank you See you (after two days) Welcome May God be with you(safe journey)
Grammar notes
i. The subjet pronouns There are six subject pronouns in konkomba:
* m * i * (W)u * ti * ni * bi
Example: * M pn tiann
*I
Im fine You are fine He/she is fine We are fine You are fine They are fine
pn Tiann pn tiann
* U
Exercises 1) Build a dialogue with the words below and practice it with a classmate or a resource person. I ni kijook- I- pn? I pn kinyee Pn- lituln- mbim- laafia- pn tiann
- Nia- daabaadaal-I doon linampal
2) Use the subject pronouns (m, a, u, ti, ni, bi) to make sentences with the following verbs:
a) Fenn kichakpiik ni________________________________________________ b) Geen kinyeek____________________________________________________ c) Doon uninkpel ___________________________________________________ d) Tii kibo________________________________________________________ e) gaa idoon______________________________________________________
3) Rearrange the following words into sentences a) KiJook/pn/tina__________________________________________ b) Fenn /kichakpiik ni/mbim mu_________________________________ c) Geen/kinyeek/uninkpel______________________________________ d) Mawar/doon/ u/ __________________________________________ e) Mbim mu/kinyee/pn? ______________________________________ f) Gaa/n ya/idoon ___________________________________________ g) Kibo/bi/tii/u/_____________________________________________
5) Answer the following questions. a) Mbim mu pn? _______________________________________________ b) I doon pn? __________________________________________________ c) A tuln pn? _________________________________________________ d) Tina Blandine pn _____________________________________________ e) Linampal pn?________________________________________________ f) Ini nwiin_____________________________________________________ g) Nia foon____________________________________________________
6) Translate the following sentences into konkomba. a) See you tomorrow. __________________________________________________ b) Sleep well _________________________________________________________ c) How are you doing? ________________________________________________ d) How does the work go? /how is your job going? ___________________________ e) See you next time ___________________________________________________ f) See you later_______________________________________________________ g) How are children doing_______________________________________________ h) Yes, the kids are doing well ___________________________________________ i) The people in the house are fine _______________________________________ Role play 1) In the morning, you meet a woman near your house, greet her and say good bye. 2) At noon, after class, you meet the Chief of your village, greet him appropriately and then leave. 8
3) While going for a walk in the evening you see a young person, greet him/her and wish him/her a good night. 4) Situation: 1) Your host brother comes back home from school in the evening. Greet him and ask him about his school. 2) Imagine a dialogue between you and your host mother as you are leaving the house for your job in the morning. (Greeting, wishes for the day, expressions to take leave).
TDA Go to one of the trainers or a host family member, greet him/her and answer the greeting. Write down all new vocabulary you heard for next class.
Objectives: After studying the lesson on introductions, trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) Use appropriate vocabulary to introducing oneself and someone else Ask at least five questions to know someones identity Use specific verbs related to introduction in the present tense Discuss two cultural notes related to introduction 5) Introduce themselves to a member of the host family and collect information about him/her.
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Dialogue Daniel Culop a Peace Corps Volunteer introduces himself and his friend Megan to a counterpart Daniel:
Mabi: Kijook pn njoo laafia. Bi yi si kiba? Bi yi mi ki Daniel. I nyan ni la? M nyan ni Washington, Amerika ati ponn ni. Lilatuln le iani? M ye ututuln le kor de la paix. Njoo s bi yi u ki Megan. U mu nyan ni Amerika le ki ye ututuln. U tun lituln Dankpen la. NIin. Ni ni nlandak nyaan. Ni ni nsin. T. nia n-yoonn.
Daniel:
Mabi:
Daniel:
Mabi:
Daniel:
Mabi:
Daniel:
Daniel:
Good evening, my friend. Good evening, whats your name? My name is Daniel Where are you from? I m an American but I m from Washington DC. Whats your profession? Im a Volunteer in Peace Corps. This is my friend .Her name is Megan. She is also an American and a Peace Corps Volunteer. She works in Dankpen. Good. A good idea, welcome Thanks. See you later.
Cultural notes:
In general, presentation is not automatic to know someones name you have to ask for it. A way to show respect is to avoid calling people directly by their name The first name, when its not a Christian or a Muslim corresponds most of the time to a clinic name. Also there are names of the day of the week on which you are born(please see below.
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Vocabulary
Liyimbil (iyimbil) ututuln la(chee)
name(s)
Someone who helps
where
what
Ba Uskubo (Nskubim)
Ukpaal (Bikpaab) Chcha(chichatiib) Uwnkor(Biwnkrb) Kapiita (kapiitatiib
Dta Draba
Krachi(krachitiib)
carpenter(s)
driver(s)
Ukalija (Bikalm)
Ukalipi (bikalipiib) Utumbee/apprenti Tla (uwnal) Uninkpel Tina Ujaakpaar Maason/Udimal (Bidimaliib)
clerk clerk(men)
clerk(women)
apprentice(s) tailor(s)
boss/patron(s) boss/patron(for bachelor masson(s)
women)
my name is What is your name? Where do you come from? From which town /village/country do You come from What are your nationality/ your ethnical group? Whats your profession?
Ye
bi
cha dan
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Exercises 1) Answer a question or ask a question a) Bi yi si kiba? _______________________________________________ b) Ni nyan ni Kaliforni Amerika.ati ponn nii ?_________________________ ___________________________________________________________ c) I nyan ni la? _______________________________________________ d) M ye dta le ki bi Kijabun. ____________________________________ 2) You are on the way to your friends house and you meet a young person who greets you. Answer the greeting and ask questions to know him/her better. Grammar notes Ask questions with la( where) i. la For example: I nyan ni la? Nakole nyan ni la? Mbim mu nyan ni la? I: personal pronoun (subject): you Nyan ni: come from La: interrogative adverb Structure of the sentence: subject + verb+la ii. We can also start the same question by la Example: la chee I nyan ni? Where do you come from? La chee Nakole nyan ni? La chee mbim nyan ni? La chee I nyan ni? La : interrogative adverb Chee: particle I : personal pronoun (subjet) Nyan ni: verb Structure: interrogative adverb+particle + pronoun subject + verb 13 Where does Nakole come from? Where do children come from? Where do you come from? Where do you come from? Where does Nakole come from? Where do children come from?
Exercises 1) Translate the following sentences into Konkomba. a) Iam in Nandutaab______________________________________________________ b) Punaalar is a student ____________________________________________________ c) She is a nurse in Namab_________________________________________________ d) Margaret is a Peace Corps Volunteer in Nampoa (Nampoch)____________________ _____________________________________________________________________ e) Monfaye is a young girl, she is an apprentice ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ f) Blandine is the Training Manager at Peace Corps _____________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ g) Brownie Lee is an American but she is now in Togo __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ h) Trainees are in Agou now _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
2) Ask or answer questions from the statements below a) Bi yi mi ki Daniel __________________________________________________ b) M ye dta _____________________________________________________ c) La chee I nyan ni ?_______________________________________________ d) Lilatuln I ani? _______________________________________________ e) Uninkpel nyan ni la? _____________________________________________________________ f) Kassi ye ututuln. U ani lituln Korps de la Paix._________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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3) Text:
Bi yi mi ki Alicia Looks. M nyan ni Kaliforni Amerika ati ponn ni. Amaa dandana Kpalime
m bi Togo
Text: My name is Alicia Looks. I come from California in the States, but now Im here in Togo. Im a trainee in Tsevie. This is my friend. His name is Mark G. he is a teacher and he lives in Kpalime. Questions
Kiti ki la ki ponn ni le Alicia nyan ni?
__________________________________________________
TDA In your neigborhood, meet two people; greet them, introduce yourself to them and ask questions to know them better (name-origin-profession-where they live). Write down the information for next class.
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Objectives: After studying the lesson on Introduce ones family, trainees will be able to: 1) Use adequate vocabulary to family relationships and the numbers from 1 to 20 to introduce their family 2) Use four possessive adjectives and the negative structure to introduce their family members 3) Discuss at least three cultural notes related to the family 4) Talk about their own family to a member of the community.
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Nmebi aadichal
Nmebis family
Jabab
Pona
Koffi
Nmebi
Abina
Takin
Text:
Bi yi mi ki Nmebi. Binib biloo le bi maadichal ni. Nte, nna ni mbim binaa. Mbimjaabim bilee ni mpibim bilee. Bi yi nte ki Jabab. U ye chicha ki bi Nampoa (Nampoch). U ye ukuchaja la. Bi yi nna ki Pona. U ye dta ke ye ukuombo (Kouka). Bi yi nkpel ki Koffi. U ye ukalija le ki bi Luma. Bi yi nnaal ki Takin. Bi yi nnaal upiibo ki Abina. Takin ni Abina ani skul kpaan le ki bi Luma.
Text: My name is Nmebi. There are six persons in my family: my father, my mother, and four children. two sons and two daughters.. My fathers name is Jabab. He is a teacher in Nampoa (Nampoch). He is ukuchaja (clanic group). My mothers name is Pona. She is a nurse and shes ukuombo (Kouka; another clanic group). My brothers name is Koffi. He is a clerk and he lives in Lome. My younger brothers name is Takin. My younger sisters name is Abina. Takin and Abina attend the University of Lome. Cultural notes
Polygamy is a reality in Togolese community Cousins and sisters are considered just like sisters and brothers Family links and community solidarity are strong Thus acceptance in your family or in your community is very important Proverb: I naabo ya bi likpuul ni kee aalani bukpessa (Hes not heavy, hes my brother)
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Family Father Mother Grandfather Grandmother Child Girl Boy Son Daughter Brother(elder) Younger brother Sister Brother Husband Wife Aunt(parterna) Uncle parternal(younger) Uncle paternal(elder) Uncle (maternal) Aunt maternal(younger) Aunt maternal(elder) Grandson/grand daugther
Expressions
Bi yi nte ki Bi yi I na kiba? I tetiib ye Togo M kpa chal M kpa bipiib bilee Nte kpa mbim bimu I kpa chalaa? M kpa chal Ma kpa chal Mbim bia le I kpa ? Daa, maa kpa chal
My fathers name is .(they call my father.)? Whats the name of your mother?(how do they call your mother? Your parents are from Togo I have a husband I have a wife My father has five children Do you have a husband? Yes I have a husband No, I havent (a husband) How many children do you have? I dot have any husband (Im not married) 18
Some verbs
Kpa Tii liyimbil Kpa upi mn uja kpa chal
To have Give a name To mary a woman To get mary to a man To have a husband
Numbers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Ubaa bilee bitaa binaa bimu Biloo Bilooli binii biwee Kipiik
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Kipiik ni ubaa Kipiik ni bilee Kipiik ni bitaa Kipiik ni binaa Kipiik bimu Kipiik ni biloo Kipiik ni biloli Kipiik ni binii Kipiik ni biwee (uba abi Moninko) Moninko
10.
Exercises 1) Give five words you associate with the word family and make a sentence with each of the words. Example: te----bi yi nte ki Ganske
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2) Complete this identity card Name Profession Origin Father: Name: Place of residence: Profession: Name: Place of residence: Profession: Name: Place of residence: Profession:
Family Mother:
Grammar notes
i. The personal pronouns in front of noun become possessive adjectives see the board below.
Example: Personal pronoun as subjet: M kpa upi I kpa upi U kpa upi Ti kpa bipiib Ni kpa bipiib Bi kpa bipiib
I have a wife You have a wife He/(she) has a wife We have wives You have wives They have wives
Personal pronouns as possessive adjectives N pu s This is my wife I pu s This is your wife U pu s This is his/ (her) wife Ti putiib s Here are our wives Ni putiib s Here are your wives Bi putiib s Here are their wives
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Summary of personal pronouns as subjects and as possessive adjectives Subject(pronoun) Konkomba English M I I You U He/She We Ti You Ni They Bi
ii.
a) Plural of noun related to family: The prefix u is dropt and replaced by bi then we add b at the end of the noun Example: Upi (lady) Uja (man) Unachipn (young man) bipiib (ladies) bijaab (men) Binachipmb (young men)
b) Plural of nouns related to family that dont have prefix u. In this case we add tiib at the end of the noun to have the plural. Example: Pul (Aunt) Tewa (uncle) Na (mother) Exception: Nkpel Ntekpel Nnakpel
c) For words borrowed from English or french we add tiib at the end of the word to have plural. Example: Chicha (teacher) Chichatiib (teachers) Kapiitaa (carpenter) Kapiitatiib (carpenters) Draba (driver) Drabatiib (drivers) Soja (soldier) sojatiib NB: The plural of other words will be studied in next competence
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Exercise: Write the plural of the following words: Example: Upi bipiib 1) Usapn (young girl). 2) Ya (grand mother)... 3) Uninkpel (old wonan)...... 4) Kpel (brother).. 5) Ujaninkpel (oldman) 6) Yaaja (grandfather) 7) Uni (person)..... 8) Te (father)................
iii. "Yes or
No question
To ask yes or no question, we add the following endings to the affirmative form of sentence. Example: Dana kpa upi (Dana has a wife) Dana kpa upii? (Does Does have a wife?) Jeff ye uni (Jeff is kind) Jeff ye unii? (Is Jeff kind?) Bi cha linyaab (they are taking a walk) Be cha linyaabaa? (Are they taking a walk?) Jennifer kpa chal (Jennifer has a husband) Jennifer kpa chalaa? (Does Jennifer have a husband?) Note: Words ending by: Consonnants (l, d, k, m, n)aa? u.....uu? ii.ii? a.....aa?
The affirmative structure is: subject +verb + noun The interrogative structure is: subject+verb + noun + the ending?
Exercises 1) Use the correct possessive adjective that corresponds to the English word in parenthesis: Example: te (my) nte a) Ya (my) __________________________________________________ b) joo (our) ________________________________________ c) Naal (their)________________________ _______
_______________________
__________________ __________________
2) Rearrange the following words into sentences: a) N / Togo / te / ye/la/ _______________________ __________________ b) Nyaaja / bi yi /u/ Kakuja/ki ________________________ ___
c) Bileteyib/ u / nyan ni/ ponn ni la_____________________________ d) Na / n/bina/ mbim/kpa _______________________________________ e) Luma (Lom)/skul kpan/a/u ________________________
__________________________________
3) Translate into Konkomba: There are 12 persons in my family: my father, my mother, my sisters, my brothers, my paternal aunt and my maternal uncle. Our father comes from Kouka and our mother is from Kijabun. They have 3 sons and 5 daughters. 4) Ask yes or no questions from the following statements: a) b) c) d)
U nyan ni Nagbiijabu
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
Bi cha skul___________________________________________________
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e)
Ubaa ye chicha
________________________________________________ f) g) h)
Jeff aaninkpin ye Dta_________________________________________________________ NicK kpa upi__________________________________________________________________ Bi kpa mbim__________________________________________________________________
Role play: You are meeting your host fathers friend for the first time. Introduce your family to him and ask questions about his family.
TDA Your host family would like to know more about the members of your family in the States. Give them information and ask questions to know more than what you actually know.
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Objectives: After studying the lesson on buying essential items trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) Count the CFA in Konkomba Name at least seven essential items found at the market Use correct expressions and verbs related to shopping Use some interrogative terms (Ba, Iin, Ibin) and the use of la+verb form to purchase items 5) Discuss at least five cultural notes related to market 6) Develop adequate strategies for their personal security in the market 7) Bargain and buy an essential item at the market price
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Dialogue in English Nimon: Netta: Nimon: Netta: Nimon: Netta: Nimon: Netta: Nimon: Netta: Nimon: Netta: Nimon: Welcome my friend. What do you want to buy? I want to buy a cloth I have good cloths. I want chiivii, (the lower quality). How much is this cloth? One thousand five hundred CFA for two yards. Oh. It is too expensive, reduce the price, please! How much do you have? I want to buy it one thousand. No. It is not enough. The last price is one thousand two hundred CFA. Ok, take the money. This is the balance. Ok, thank you very much Youre welcome. See you again.
The market day is not only for trading but is also a great opportunity to meet friends Its necessary to bargain in the market and sometimes in shops. Exchanging things is not automatic; you need to discuss the case with the seller before. You dont use your left hand in the market. You dont bargain early in the morning without buying the item. Its not safe to go to the market with too much money on you or just after banking. Its important to be careful about people who ask for help in the market. When buying food you can ask the seller to add you some as a gift.
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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 39
40 49 50 59 60 69 70 80 90 100
90F 95F
100F 150F 200F 250F 300F 400F 500F 600F 700F 800F 900F
Bank notes/bills
Kotoko Kotoko ubaa ni lijanl
Tigbaan
Essential items
inataah Trchi Trchi aatankpel(itrchi tankpel) Bukiib Kiyikpepu
Iaan Ikisu Gbanger Boroboro Siker nyaa Siker aa boroboro nyaa aa boroboro Ikoojo Kamantoosi Gaaba Kodo Gband Nka Likekeln Tiwan
broom sponge bucket bread sugar salt sugar bread salt bread pepper tomato onion
banana papaya orange material/pagne/cloth thing/things
Expressions
Ba le I bin? I bin I da Ba? M bin inataah la? Ni kor inataah iin? Nipoaa kidaak (paah) Ber mi I kor ba? M bin M paan lichuur la unympu uwnkr uwndaal Biwndaaliib Naa poaa kidaah da lipol ichaar
What are you looking for? (present progressive) What do you want to buy? I looking for shoes How much are the shoes It is too expensive Reduce the price for me What are you selling I want to pay five hundred francs Seller (lady seller) Seller( of things) Customers/Client (of things) Customer(s) It s cheap To buy (credit) Add me some ( it is normal to ask for a gift if you buy food at the market)
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Verbs
kor da gaa chu Ber Baaha kidaak Pinn limonbil) bin
to sell to buy to take to hold/to take to reduce to ask for price to borrow (money) to look for
Exercises 1) Make at least five sentences using the expression M bin m da Example: M bin m da nkaa la 2) Imagine yourself in the market; ask questions about the price of some items you see by a seller. Grammar notes i) The nagative sentence We have two ways to form the negative sentence in konkomba a) The first form: with personal pronoun.as subject: Affirmative sentence M bin m da inataah I bin I da inataah U bin u da inataah Ti bin ti da inataah Ni bin ni da inataah Bi bin bi da inataah Negative sentence Maa bin m da inataah Aa bin I da inataah Waa bin u da inataah Taa bin ti da inataah Naa bin ni da inataah Baa bin bi da inataah
Note: To form the negative sentence, add aa to the consonnant of personal pronoun. This means, the negative form of the sentence changes with personal pronoun.
Affirmative I You He/She We You They M I U Ti Ni Bi Ma Aa W aa T aa Na a B aa Negative
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Exercice 1: Write the negative forms (6 personal pronouns) of the following sentence: Example: M kor ikeken 1) Maa kor ikeken 2) _________________________________________________________________ 3) _________________________________________________________________ 4) _________________________________________________________________ 5) _________________________________________________________________ 6) _________________________________________________________________ Exercise 2: Write the negative form of the following sentces Example:Unympu kpa chenji = Unympu aa kpa chenji 1) Mbim cha skul din_____________________________________________________________ 2) kor inataah poaa kidaaak___________________________________________________________ 3) Unympu tii mi chenji__________________________________________________________ 4) Binympuub kor tiwan sakpen___________________________________________________ 5) Abina ber gbangar aa daah_______________________________________________________
NB:
The pronunciation of the pronouns in the negative form depends on the verbs With the invitation verbs, we add n at the end of the negative pronouns (maa, aa, waa, taa, naa, baa) and the tone is high Example: Nanji bissa (Lets eat please!) -------- Man ji bissa Da nan nyu ndaan -------------- Man nyu ndaan
1) Use of Iin le (how much) to ask for questions Example: I bin I da nka Iin le I bin I da nka?
Exercises 1) Make questions with the following sentences a) Bi da likekeln kotoko bilee ni lijanl b) U kor inataah kotoko ubaa c) Nagbija ber u lichuur d) U bin u da gbanger kotoko bilee e) Bi bin bi kor bi bukiib lichuur ni ikui iloo f) Ni bin ni da iaan ikui ilee 31
2) Use of Ba le what to ask for questions: a) Structure: Ba le + subject + verb + complement b) Structure: subject + verb + complement + Ba Example: Affirmative: M bin m da bukiib Interrogative: Ba le I bin ida? Or I bin I da ba? Exercises: 1) Make questions with the following sentence a) Ubo bin u da siker b)
c) d) e)
3) Use the negative form of the sentence to anwser these questions Example: I bin I da itrchi tankpelaa?
Answer: Daa, maa bin mda, itrchi taakpel. a) U nan gaa limombilaa? b) Bi ber inataah bu? c) I cha kinyankaa? d) Alicia da likekeln laa? e) Chichatiib nan da bukiibaa? f) Ni tii chenjii? g) Bisapmb bin gbanger aa? h) Ti bin ikoojo? i) 3) I joo bin u da boroboroo?
Use Iin le (how much) to ask the price of the following items Example: kor (verb)/bukiib
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Question: Iin le I kor bukiib? a) kor/inataah b) Nan gaa/ limombil c) tii/ chenji d) kor/siker e) bin/ da/boroboro f) ber /limombil
4) Use of ba le or ba (what) to ask about items in the market Example: Ba le/I bin I da Question: Ba le I bin I da? a) Ba/kor b) Ba le/I bin c) Ba/tii d) Ba le/I bin e) Ba/gaa
Some words: Paan: Kidaak bi toon ni: Iin yoo S: Ni poaa kidaak paah: Dandana:
heap up/to pile up prices are not the same (for) how much here is, this is its too expensive Now 33
M nyi kina: M gan si: Questions: a) b) c) d) e) f) Ba le Katy bin u da? Iin le bi kor gaaba? Iin yoo le Katy bin u da ? Gaaba poaa kidaakaa ? Limombil Iin le Katy kpa? Chenji Iin le u bin u gaa?
Translate into Konkomba a) What are you looking for? _____________________________________________________ Im looking for batteries _____________________________________________________ For how much? _________________________________________ Its too expensive, please reduce the price for me _____________________________________________________ What do you want to buy? _____________________________________________________ I have 2 650 F ___________________________________________ No, I dont have any balance _____________________________________________________ Thank you.Here are the shoes? _____________________________________________________
b)
c) d)
e)
f) g)
h)
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i) Imagine and write a dialogue between the seller and the customer based on this picture.
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TDA Go to the market, identify an article of your choice, ask for the price, bargain and buy it and ask for the change.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: 1) Name at least four foods in Konkomba areas 2) Use corect expressions and verbs related to food preparation in order to talk about meals 3) Discuss four cultural points related to food habits 4) Talk about what to eat in order to stay healthy 5) Give a recipe
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Dialogue Sarah Elliott tells her friend Punalar about her lunch
Punaalar: Sarah I pn kinyee? Sarah: Laafia. Lituln pn? Punaalar. Laafia. Ba le i fu jin foon na kinyeek ? Sarah: M fu min imuul ni tikpen tiba. Ti fu m paah, Amaa maa nyi tikpen gbin aayimbil. Punaalar: Niin, m mu min koliko kidi kpee kamantoosi aakpen ni ijen. Sarah: Oh! Mu neen ijen ni kamantoosi aakpen paah !
Dialogue in English Punaalar: Sarah: Punaalar: Sarah: Sarah how are you doing? Fine.How is your work? Fine.What did you eat yesterday for dinner? I ate rice and a kind of sauce. It was delicious, but I dont know the name of that sauce. Punaalar: Good, I ate koliko with tomato sauce and eggs. Sarah: Oh! I also like tomato sauce with eggs. Cultural notes
When you eat you invite people near you to share your meal using the expressions
ti j tijir or Ti kaa niin, but this doesnt mean that you will necessarily eat.
The answers to this invitation are: Ni eer= its enough m jin na =I ate already m dik=Im full.. The left hand is seen like dirty and is not acceptable at table when youre with people. You dont smell food in order to appreciate it and you should not step over the meal. Kitchen utensils should not be used for other purpose such as taking shower or hiting someone. Foods taboos are specific to families, communities or ethincal groups Traditional restaurants, streets food restaurants or fufu bars serve cheap but good food and the service is quick. However be careful, they are not always clean and healthy. Consequently, PCTs and PCVs are not advised to eat salads in those restaurants. Proverb: Kalaa gbigbii aaye waamoan (Everything that shine is not goald. The quantity doesnt mean always quality).
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Vocabulary Foods/meals
Tijiir Bisaa (nkalima aasaa,Idi aasaa) Imuul Linuul Banchi Patipati ituu ni imuul Sakla Saw Koliko Gari Brade aank Brade Puuk Banchi aasakla Ablo Kooko/Akassa ndaan Pn gari ni siker nnyun
Food Dough (of maize, millet) rice Yam Cassava Ragout/stew (yam) Rice and beans prepared together Pounded yam Fried bean doughnut Fried yam Cassava flour
Pounded cassava Steam-cook paste made of corn porridge Porridge Drink Gari mixed with sugar and water water
Some of the foods are called by their french name such as: Chou Carotte Haricots verts Pomme de terre Salade Petit pois Some sauces Cabbage Carot French bean Potato Salad/lettuce Garden peas
Tikpen Kamantoosi aakpen Gboma aakpen Abe aakpen Kaalkaal aakpen Sima aakpen Imuul aakpen Ademe aakpen
Sauce Tomato sauce, soupe Spinach sauce Palm nut sauce Sesame sauce Peanut sauce Okra sauce Ademe is a vegetable
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Ingredients
nyaa gaaba Ikoojo nkpin nsimakpin Tinann Uklo aanann Unaa aanann Uoob aanann Ugbeer aanann Ijin Kanami Ijaa soon
Salt Onion Pepper Oil Vegetable oil (made of peanut) Meat Chicken (meat) Beef Goat Pork Fish Fried fish Fresh fish
Utensils
Parnteen (maam) Lisambil Kijiik Kijuuk Kpu Kukumbuuk Siliba
Verbs
a tijiir Ji m nyu mn (bisaa) San (bisaa) jaak (tinann) Gii (gaaba) a kooko aa ndaan
To cook (food) To eat (pounded yam dough) To eat (rice, beans, yam) To drink To prepare dough To pound (fufu) To cut meat To cut onion To prepare porridge To prepare local drink (tchouk)
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Expressions
Maan m tinann Maan nyu ndaan mu poaa na Maan ji bisaa Ni m paah nyaa toonk tikpen Ikoojo jer Bi aan ni imuul ni ituu kinyee ? Bi aan ni sima aakpen kinyee?
I dont eat meat I dont drink alcohol I dont eat Dough Its very delicious/good There is too much salt in the sauce The sauce is spicy How does one cook rice and beans How do you prepare peanut sauce?
Other words
Usaalen Uleeler UTater Unaner Umumer Kina aapwb Kiwaar kina le Amaa
First Second Third Fourth Feeth After that Before Then But
Exercises 1) Add a maximum of three words to each word below to make complete sentences. Example:
m Ti m imuul Ti m imuul ni sima aakpen N ni Sarah m imuul ni sima aakpen
Suggested words:
sakla Koliko a tijiir Gboma aakpen
2) You meet your friend after dinner. Ask for questions to know what he/she ate and tell him/her about your dinner.
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Text: Kinye bi ken koliko? Nsaalen, yeh linuul, jaak linuul siisi, liilina, fenn mbamm. Aa fenn doon na, idi linuul dia nyaa aanyun ni. Kiwaar kinanaa, aan nkpin mu nuu mbamm. Mu ya nuu kee I di linuul ki di luuh nkpin ni. Ni ya nuu siib kpee kee, I laabr linuul, Cha ni ki nuu siib kpee. Aa koliko biir. I ge maa m.
How to make koliko First peel the yam, cut it in small pieces. Second wash the pieces and steep them into salt water. After that heat oil in a pan and put the pieces in the oil, let it fry for a while and turn it. Wait a few minutes more and remove it: your koliko is ready to eat. 3) With the following words of meals make your menus for the day (break fast lunch and dnner) please use complete sentences. Example: Kichakpiik ni: m jee nyu kooko ni siker, ki m sawe ni ijin. Suggestions:
- Kooko, tea, nnyun, siker, petesi, ndaan - Imuul, koliko, ituu ni imuul, linuul, patipati, sakla, boroboro, sawe - Ukla aanann, ugbeer aanann, uoob aanann, unaa aanann, ijen, ijin - sima aakpen, Kamantoosi aakpen, gboma aakpen imuul aakpen, kalikaal aakpen. - Kichakpiik ni (morning/breakfast), nwiinbu (nune/lunch), Kinyeek (night/dinner)
Situation: You invited a Togolese friend to share your lunch with you. After the meal, she/he asks you for the recipe. So give her/him the recipe. TDA Ask your host mother or sister for the recipe of a meal you choose. Bring the information to class and share it with your classmates.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Use appropriate vocabulary and verbs to invite someone 2) Accept or decline an invitation in a polite way to maintain a good relationship with people, which will support their personal safety and security.
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Dialogue in English Yaati: Katy: Yaati: Katy: Yaati: katy: Katy, how are you? Im fine, and you? Im also fine. I would like to invite you to Kinaachook dance tonight. Would you have time? Yes! I have time, thank you . See you tonight. Ok.
Cultural notes
In general, friends or members of the same family visit each other without any previous invitation. You are always welcome to share a meal or a drink or to spend time together even if it was not planned before. You are responsible for guests food or drink. Its necessary to express your limits during an invitation where people will be offering you food and drink again and again.
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Expressions M baa jee m ken si M baa jee ti ken tb M baa jee ti nya M baa jee ti ji tijiir
t, niin, ni mmi
I would like to see you I would like to meet you I would like to go out with you I would you like to eat with you
Yes, good. Im happy
Daa, maa kpa mpaan m gaan si, maa kpa npaan Maan ma dan Maan ma buen Lituln wiir mbu/
M kpa lituln sakpen
No, I dont time/Im very busy Sorry, I dont have time/Im too busy I cant come I cant go. I have a lot of work to do
Occasions to be invited nnidak Likpuul Noowel Libilimpl aajiaal (Bnaanee) Bikamob aajiaal Libuaawooll \ibuaawool Ngbiir /liwaal Linyaab Verbs Dan Cha Lik wa
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Exercise Give an affirmative or a negative answer to these questions in Konkomba? a) Would you like to come to my house for nnidaak? __________________________________________________________________ b) Would you like going out with me to night? __________________________________________________________________ c) For Ramadan, would go to eat with El Hadj Kamba Boukar? __________________________________________________________________ d) Would you like to take a walk this afternoon? ___________________________________________________________
Grammar notes
The conditional tense used to express politeness, a wish or to soften a demand or an order is meant in Konkomba: Baa+ jee +Verb=Would like Example: m baa jee m buen or m cho kinyank Subject + baa+jee + verb + object I would like to go to the market
U baa jee u ter mi Ti baa jee ti dan likpuul Bi baa jee bi m imuul din kijook
he would like to help me we would like to come to the funerals they would like to eat rice tonight
Situation Your host sister/brother seems bored at home. Discuss plans to make for the evening.
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TDA Ask two or three people in your host family or in your neighorhood how they accept or decline an invitation without frustating your host. Come back to class with your findings.
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Objectives After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: 1. Name the main different daily activities 2. Use the appropriate vocabulary and the present habitual to talk about daily activities in their community 3. Discuss at least two cultural notes and safety and security issues related to the competence 4. Talk about their daily activities in the community for their good integration. Text: Nimon aatuln
Kichakpiik ni mmk Nimon fenn ni mala le ki fenn u nimbil,ki m nkoon,ki fuu nnyun,Waa don na le u peen libkuur, ki chaah u yikper le ki buen skul.U yaa nyan ni skul ki fuu ni kee u bak kaa. Amaa waa kpa lifuur nimbuunaa see u tuur nmii ki mn bisaa. Waa geen ni kinyeek mala.
Nimons daily activities. Every day Nimon wakes up early in the morning. She washes her face and chewes stick, she takes her bath, gets dressed, combs her hair and leaves for school. After class, she is tired and she relaxes. At night, she doesnt go to bed early.
Cultural notes
In the morning people wash their face before they greet or start their activities. Activities are shared according to gender and age In general, women take care of household chores. Its better to wear appropriate shoes to go to farm.
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Vocabulary Some places kidiik ponn ni kidediik Nnyunbuin nkpen Skul Lituln Kisaa Kinyank in the room kitchen bathroom in the river school at the office field market
Daily activities aar/ kidiik/lichiln Fuu/fuu mbim mu Fuu Fenn Fenn inimbil a tijiir Chaar tiyikper Peen libkuur bn Fenn isambil Tuur nmii Fenn tiwan Cha linyaab Lifuur Ji kinyank Dn Cha kisaa Peen libkuur Lu nnyun to sweep/the room/the counpound to bathe children to take the bath to wash to wash face to cook to comb hair to put on a shirt to get dressed to wash dishes to light a fire to do laundry to take a walk to rest to go shpping to go to bed to go to farm to take out clothes to fetch water
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Expressions of time Idaanmmk Kichakpiik ni kama/mmk Nwiin kama /mmk kijook kama /mmk Kinyeek kama /mmk Kichakpiik ni mmk/ kama Tam mm k/kama Mala Mala mala Tam uba Powb Ba le I ani kichakpiik ni mmk Lituln lilali le iani idaa kama/ mmk Exercises: 1. The teacher will show a picture and the learner will describe or say the activity. 2. Give the activities that correspond to these periods of the day: Example:
Kichakpiik ni Nwiinbu Kijook Kinyeek Kichakpiik ni: Fenn, fuu
everyday everynoon every night every afternoon every nigth everyday in the morning everytime early/quickly very quickly sometimes After/last What do you do every morning What kind of job do you do everyday
Grammar notes
The present progressive is intoduced by bi+ the verb.
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Example:
aar (to sweep): M bi aar fenn (to do laundry): u bi fenn
Chaah (to comb the hair): u bi chaah Nyu nnyun M bi nyu nnyun (Im drinking water) Ji bisaa M bi ji bisaa (Im eating food) m imuul M bi m imuul (Im eating rice) Fuu m bi fuu (Im taking my bath) Daa, maa bi fuu No, Im not taking my bath
Exercises 1) Use the present progressive to answer the following questions: Example: Q: I bi fuu? R: Hiin, m bi fuu Daa, maa bi fuu
Are you having your bath? Yes Im having my bath No, Im not having my bath
1) I bi aar kidiik? ________________________________________________ 2) Mbim bi ji tijiraa? ______________________________________________ 3) Sarah bi chaah tiyikeraa? _________________________________________ 4) U ba bi bn nii? _________________________________________________ 5) Bi bi fenn tiwanaa? ______________________________________________ 6) Ti na bi tuur nmii? ______________________________________________ 7) I joo bi nyu ndaan naa? __________________________________________
2) Say what you do at these periods of the day Example: kichakpiik ni mmk m fuu
Kichakpiik ni mmk
_________________________________________________________
Kijook mmk
_________________________________________________________
3) Tell a story about someones daily activities. The trainer begins the story and trainees continue the story in turn.
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Exercises 4) Use the present progressive to answer the following questions: Example: Q: I bi fuu? R: Hiin, m bi fuu Daa, maa bi fuu 8) I bi aar kidiik? _____________________________________________________________ 9) Mbim bi ji tijiraa? _____________________________________________________________ 10) Sarah bi chaah tiyikperaa? _____________________________________________________________ 11) U ba bi bn nii? _____________________________________________________________ 12) Bi bi fenn tiwanaa? _____________________________________________________________ 13) Ti na bi tuur nmii? _____________________________________________________________ 14) I joo bi nyu ndaan naa? _____________________________________________________________
Are you taking your bath? Yes Im taking my bath No, Im not taking my bath
5) Say what you do at these periods of the day Example: kichakpiik ni mmk m fuu
Kichakpiik ni mmk
_____________________________________________________________
Kijook mmk
_____________________________________________________________
6) Tell a story about someones daily activities. The trainer begins the story and trainees continue the story in turn.
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Text:
Bi yi mi ki Upbidaan. Kichakpiik mmk ni, m aar kidiik waar le ki ni fuu nnyun. M ya fuu ki doo kee le m je unimbikpoo. Kiwaar kina le m buen lituln. M ya nyan ni lituln ki fuu ni kee le m a tijiir. M ya jin kidoo kee le m doon. Kiwaar/kichaki Tam Je unimbikpoo
= before = when = to take break fast = to get dressed/ to be ready = after that = I go
a) Ba le upbidaan ani kichakpiik ni kiwaar ki ni buen lituln? b) U ya nyan ni lituln ki fuu ni kee, ba aatuln le u ani?
. Situation During your post visit, your counterpart will ask you about your plan for the week. Role play You want to plan a happy hour with your friend over the weekend. Imagine a conversation with him when you discuss your schedule for the weekend and find the right moment for your happy hour TDA Observe the members of your host family and ask them questions about their daily activities. Write a paragraph on that for next class.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: 1) 2) Use appropriate vocabulary to ask for and give directions and the time Use the imperative form and prepositions to ask for and give directions
3) Discuss at least three cultural notes and safety and security issues related to orientation 4) Give and follow directions in the community.
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Dialogue David Tebrum PCV has just arrived in kouka for his service as a volunteer.He asks Mawar young guy, to indicate him the road from the hospital to the market
David: Mawar: David: Mawar: David: Mawar : I doon pn njoo Laafia bi. I pn kinyee? Laafia. M gan si kinyank aasin bi la? Oh,muaa daa do. Chuu fuu nsinja kpaan chee. Paar nanga bu. Chuu ki fuu ninchee bi kor sansi na. kinyank peen nsin nima. I ni lituln. Nia n-yoonn Baayal. I buen ki dan.
Dialogue in Englsih David: Mawar: David: Mawar: David: Mawar: Good morning my freind. Good morning. How are you? Fine. Please where is the road to the market? Its not far from here. Walk until you get the main road.Turn left. Continue until you get to the gaz station. The market place is close gaz station. Thank. See you again. Youre welcome. Go and come back.
Cultural notes
In general, indications about distance are not precise Sometimes with illiterate people, time is related to the activities of the day (like children going to school, muslems Morning Prayer) Some people will come late for meetings People would prefer to lead you to the place by themselves or by having a child accompagn you. Keep asking people for directions until you arrive at your destination.
Proverb: Uni u baah na aayeni (He who asks for information does not get wrong)
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In the market Hospital, health center In the Chiefs house School Shop(in the market) Taxi station Road/ way Path Cross-road Post office
Verbs
M (nsin) Cha Paar nga bu Paar ngi bu Dan Chuu Puur nsinja Gir Gir kui Wonk/ Wonk nsin Cheen
To indicate(the road) To go To turn left To turn right To come To walk To cross the road To return To go back To get lost To go with,to accompany
Expressions
nga ngi Nidaa Nadaa Doo Nimawb Tesan bi la?/station bi la?
Left Right Its far Its not far Here Over there Where is the taxi station
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Tam
Hour/time What What time is it? Kikuur kilaki gbaa? Its t It is 3 O clock Tikuur titaa le gbaa Its th It is 2 Oclock Tikuur tilee le gbaa o It I It is 6 to 3 Oclok Niguur minit biloo,tikuur titaa gbaa Im late m gaar powb Its si I came early. M dan/ M fuu ni mala Its e When are we going to finish? Tam ulwu le ti ge doo? Im l When are we going to meet Tam ulwu le ti ge a ikuu
Exercises 1) Make sentences with these words: Example: Dta- Nna bi Dta __ Hospital My mother is at the hospital
a) Kisaa ________________________________________________________ b) Ubr dowb ________________________________________________________ c) Tesan ________________________________________________________ d) Kinyank ________________________________________________________ e) Lituln ___________________________________________________________
2) Make sentences with these expressions: a) Paar nangibu ________________________________________________________ b) Puur nsinja ________________________________________________________ 59
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Grammar notes
j) Prepositions in general are the end the sentence. Here are some: Prepositions (Konkomba)
-bu -ponn ni -taab -Mbu -powb -kaasini -Peen -yilbu
Example
Libkuur paa table bu.
Students are in the room inataah bi table taab Shoes are under the table
Tesan be kinyank mbu
Structure: subject+verb+object+preposition
ii) Imperative: the formation and the use of imperative are the same as in English, except that the plural personal pronouns (ti,ni, bi) are not dropped out. Example:
buen kinyank paar ngabu Ni buen dta Ti paar ngibu
Exercises 1) Trainees execute orders from trainer and then they do the same thing one by one between themselves. 2) Practice question and answer: to be done among trainees Example: Tikuur tia gbaa? (15h00) Tikuur titaa le gbaa a) Tikuur tia le ti ge fii ? (10h20) _______________________________________________________________ b) Tam ulwu ni le Sanpu fuu ni? (18h35) _______________________________________________________________ c) Tikuur tia ponn ni le nskubim nya skul kijook? (17h00) __________________________________ _______________ 61
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Situation You are inviting your classmates to your host familys house. Give them directions from the tech house to your house. TDA Go to your host father, ask him how to get to a place you want to go to, write down the information in konkomba and come back with it to class.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Use the present progressive, interrogative words and the future tense 2) Ask questions about the coast, travel time and destinations to be able to travel independently 3) Discuss travel conditions and two strategies to travel safely
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Dialogue The PCV Wyoamin goes to her post Namang (Namon) Boukman: Wyoamin: Bookman: Wyoamin : Bookman: Wyoamin: Bookman: Wyoamin: Bukman: Wyoamin: I ni nsin tina
Yoo, I pn?
Laafia. I cha la? M cha Namang Namang aa Loor s? Loor aa chaaji ye iin? Loor aa chaaji ye lichuur ni ikui inaa, k mbu. Daa, m bin m k puwb la? I chuu kinyaan. T, Nia daalbaabaal!
Dialogue in English Bookman: Wyoamin: Bookman: Wyoamin: Bookman: Wyoamin: Bookman: Wyoamin: Bookman: Woamin: . Welcome madam Thanks, how are you? Fine, where are you going? Im going to Namang. Here is Namang taxi What is the travel fee? The travel is seven hundred francs, take the front seat No, thanks. I will take a seat at the back. Safe journey. See you next time
Cultural notes
Travelers need to be patient enough because drivers will try to have as many passengers as possible before they depart and they are often overloaded. In some remote villages, you can be waiting the whole day, or vehicles are available only on market days. Its important to have your valuables on you, not packed in your bags... You should check your luggage whenever a passenger is getting off along the way.
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Bub
Dindin/Laampaab
Tesan Draba
Loor chaaji Lituln Lituln aachaaji
To take a car/vehicle To take a moto To take an airplane To bike To drive(a car) To get down To leave To come back To go to the station
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Expressions
M ge suun kouka M ge suun doo Loor aachaaji ye ia Luma ki buen kouka? Bi gaal FCFA
Loor ulwu le cha? Tam ulwu le loor fii? Ni guur binympuub bilee Tam ulwu le ti ge fuu? Ti ge ma di tikuur tinaa fuu? Ni daa? Na daa sakpen?
Ti ge fuu dandanaa?
Draba, m ge suun doo Chuu Draba siin m ge suun M cha kidan M cha Luma kidan
I will get off in kouka I want get off here How much do you pay from Luma to kouka? they pay FCFA Which vehicle is going (traveling) What time the vehicles is departing? It remains two passenger What time are wegoing to arrived? Well arrive at four? Is it far. It is not too far? We will arrive soon Driver, Ill get down here Stop driver, I will get down here Im going and I will be back Im going to Lome and I will be back
Exercises 1) What will you say in Konkomba in these situations: a) To know the tariff from Lome to Kouka ___________________________________________________________________ b) To know what time you are departing? ___________________________________________________________________ c) To know when you will get there? ___________________________________________________________________ d) To tell the driver youll get down at Bapur ___________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________
d) nyan ni e) suun f)
____________________________________________________________
Grammar notes
i
iin? or
iii.
Future tense The future tense has three forms: a) the immediate future tense is introduced by : bin+verb Example M bin m buen/m cho Katchamba Imgoing to Katchamba / I want to go to Katchamba M bin m da tiket Im going to buy a ticket / I want to buy a ticket
Structure: subject + bin + verb + noun For actions that will take place tomorrow: b) Future tense is introduced by: ge + fu Example: M ge fu buen Bassar M ge fu da tiket Struture: Subject +ge + fu + verb + noun When the time is not specific, or close: c) The future tense is also introduced by ge + nan
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Example: M ge nan buen Bassar M ge nan da tiket Struture: subject + ge nan verb+ noun
Exercises 1) Answer these questions using the appropriate future tense Example: I ge nan buen nnidak aa? Hiin, M ge nan buen Nnidak a) N ge fu buen iun naa?
_______________________________________________
b) Badaal ni bin ni fii?
_______________________________________________
c) Mbim ge nan buen nskubim aaliim tam maa? (vakansii)?
_______________________________________________
d) I ge buen Amerikaa?
_______________________________________________
e) Voluntairmamb fu cha lituln laa?
_______________________________________________
f) Bi bin bi da loor aa cheechee?
_______________________________________________
g) Marie ge fu aal cheechee ki buen kouka?
_______________________________________________
h) La chee I ge suun?
_______________________________________________
1. Read the dialogue and answer the questions
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Draba: Daniel: Draba: Daniel: Draba: Daniel: Draba: Daniel: Draba: Daniel:
Aasin Yoo, loor ulwu le cha kouka? Kouka aa loor s. I ge buen naa? Hiin, m ge buen. Iin le ye loor aachaaji ? Loor aachaaji ye Kotoko ubaa ni ni ikui inaa. Tam ulwu le loor bin u fii Dandana Niin, le tam ulwu le ti ge fuu ? I chii ba? Ti fii aa? Ti chiir siib. Niguur uni ubaa
Notes
Dandana Ti ge fu fuu Ti ya fii dandana Ti ge fu fuu tikuur tinaa I chii ba? Ti lii cha? Ti chiir siib Niguur uni ubaa now W ll arrive If we depart or leave now . Wll arrive at 4 What are we waiting for? Lets leave Lets wait a little / or a moment It remains one person
d)
Situation You want to go to Kabou. Try to find the right vehicle at Koukas station, ask for the tariff, duration TDA Go to the station in Tsvi. Get information about these tariffs: Kpalime Bassar Kpalime Kabou Kpalime Guerin Kouka Ask about vehicles and travel conditions. Come back to class with the information. 70
Objectives: After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: a) b) c) d) Name different parts of the human body Talk about their state of health or ask for someones state of health Use the direct complement personal pronouns Discuss Togolese ideas and behavior regarding sickness
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Dialogue in English Megan: Nbebi : Megan: Nbebi: Megan: Nbebi Megan : Nbebi: Cultural notes People are not direct in saying whats wrong. They will first say everything is ok before they mention any sickness or sad new Sickness is somtime seen like a punishment from God or ancestors or caused by sorcery People will not necessary go to the hospital or to a health center when they are sick, but they will try different treatments by themselves with medicine or traditional infusions People believe a lot in traditional healers My friend Mbebi, how are you? Im fine, where are you going? Im going to my friends house, and you where do you come from? I went to a shop to buy some medicines What part hurt you (what is wrong with you? My head hurt me and I have fever Sorry, I wish goog recovery Thank you
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Head Stomach Eye Tooth(teeth) Mouth Ear(s) Nose Foot (feet) Breast Waist neck Chest Back
Verbs
Woo Yil woo Cha dta Nyu nnyk Da nnyk Bun Mbipeel Kui
Pain/ hurte Head hurt To go to the hospital To take medicine To buy medicine To get sick To have diarrhea To cough
Expressions
Ba j I? M poon woo M yil woo M nimbil woo M taafaal woo M cha dta M ge da nnyk Ikpeekub paab mi/ M kpa Ikpeekub Nmujaabuu j ubo M bi nyu nnyk Dta saa mi mpii
whats wrong with you? I have stomach aches I have headaches My eye hurt My ear hurts Im going to the hospital Im going to buy/I will buy a medecine I have worms the kid has stomach infection Im taking a medecine the doctor/nurse give me a shot 73
Im coughing malaria I have malaria diarrhea AIDS Sicknesses Cold To feel cold
Exercises Choose one word in each column and make a sentences Example: U yil woo Verb Woo
Nyu bunk dan bi (shot) J Kpa
Subject U
mbim unachipn mb dta ni ubo
Noun/object
pooni nnyk inyi yir fiba dta sida
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Grammar notes
The past tense is used to express actions that happened and the time is not specified Example: Cha M chun dta I went to the hospital nyu: da m nyun nnyk m da (no change) nnyk
I took a
Exercises 1) Answer the following questions using the appropriate past tense Example: I fu chu lituln naa?
Daa, maa fu chun or Hiin, m fu chun
a) U nyun nnykaa?
Daa
b) Bi fu chun dtaa? Daa. c) Ubo bunkaa ? Daa. d) U fu kuiaa ? Hiin. e) Willy fu da nnykaa? Daa.
2)
Translate into Konkomba a) I have stomach ache ___________________________________________ b) What wrong with you__________________________________________ c) I have head ache __________________________________________
d) The kids are coughing__________________________________________ e) You have malaria TDA Talk with Mister X, ask him the common diseases in the area and their treatment. 75 ___________________________________________
Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Talk about the culturally accepted behavior during a happy or sad event 2) Use correct words and expressions to express ones sympathy in those events.
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Dialogue in English Fan: Tagaan: Fan: Tagaan: Fan: Tagaan: Oh, Tagaan, I havent seen you for a long time! Yes. My father died and I went home (village) for some days. Oh! I didnt hear that, Im sorry for you Ok, thank you. My condolences Ok, wel see you.
Cultural notes
Its very important to express ones sympathy to a friend, a collegue, your neighbor during a sad event (sickness, accident, death) by visiting or making a symbolic gift of money, food or anything else depending on your relationship. You do the same for happy events and you congratulate. Failing to give a moral support (especially to pay a simple visit) would make people think that you have no regard toward people or you are not interested in the community in which you are living.
Vocabulary Events:
Nkun Iween bnaayub Nmaal Ipan
Tichaar
mariage
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Naming ceremony (to name a child) Sick person/diseased To take an exam to pass an exam. To find a job congratulations May God maked him rest in peace Funerals greeting We thank God Sorry, condoleances
b) Nmaal
c) Kaan lituln
d) Ji ipan
e)
Iween
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Grammar notes:
1) The pluperfect tense is formed by using the particle nin + the past tense of the verb : Example: U nan chun Kouka He had gone to Kuka U nan da nnyk He had bought some medicines Structure: Subject + nan + past tense + noun NB: Some verbs like [buen(to go), lik(to see), jee (to like), gaa(to take), len (to talk).] dont change in the past tense. 2) The imperfect tense is formed by using the particle nan+ the present tense of the verb Example: Bi nan cha lituln They used to go to work Bi nan nyun nyk They used to take medicine Structure: subject + nan + present tense + noun
Exercises: 1) Answer the following questions using the appropriate tense a) U nan doon ubun naa ? b) Fan nan da nnykaa?
TDA: Discuss with your host mom or your host father about what people usually do and say when: - A brother , a neighbor or a freind is sick - There is a birth - There is adeath in the community Take note of new useful expressions for next class.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Use appropriate words and expressions to ask for help in an emergency case 2) Use complement pronouns 3) Discuss the safety and security support system in their community
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Dialogue One day after lunch, Amy was having a rest when she heard in compound: Oh, bi gaa li,bi
gaa mi li, m kpodo, bi nan gaa mi li.
Amy: Nik: Amy: Nik: Amy: Nik: Amy: Nik: Ba a? Ba a? ub waar ubaa b u ju mi U bila? U d do U ju sii? Daa, waah ju mi. Ti ni liyimoan. Nia n-yoonn
Ini lituln Dialogue in English Oh help, help, come and help me Amy: Nk: Amy: Nk: Amy: Nk: Amy: Nk: Whats happening? A crazy dog wants to bite me. Where is he? He went this side. Has he bitten you? No, he hasnt Fortunetly, you are lucky Thank you for your help. See you after.
Cultural notes
Solidarity between people in the community is very strong, so you just call out if you need others help. In towns or big cities people are more individualistic, and may be more reluctant to offer help.
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Vocabulary:
Koasisi, koasisi! Bi gaa mi li! M kpodu! Unaayuke!
Fire
alarming cry in an emergency case Save me! Im diying! (my life is in danger)! A thief! Help me He want to kill me Seize the thief! Catch the thief Help me
Harassment/Attack
Ba a Dichaa mi Maa jee kina I chu I ba! M k kina Taak kpee kina! Siir m chee! Maa ki jee m kaan si ndo!
whats that? let me I dont like it be careful I hate that! Dont do that again. Get away from! I dont want to see you in my house
again
Taa ki dan n do daalbaadaal! Maa ki jee aadoon Maa jee m kaan si do!
Ukuub? Bi dan nan kuu ukuube
Dont come in my house again I don,t want your greetings again I dont like your presents! Snake! Come and kill the snake
Im not doing well I have to go to Lome please find a vehicle for me please, call me Akoua I will visit my friend and Ill be back I wont be back today I will be back on Monday 82
To propose help
M ter siib? M tur siib? M tun siib? I jee ba? M ge bin loor ki tii si. T Ini lituln Daa, Ini lituln
may I help you? may I help you take your load off? May I help you take your load on? What doyou want? I will find a vehicle for you. yes, thank you No thank you.
(harassment) (sickness)
Grammar notes
Complement pronouns Example:
U kan mi U kan si U kan u U kan ti
he see me he see you he see him/her he see us he see you he see then
U kan ni U kan bi
The personal pronoum are also complment pronoun when place after a verb. Only the second person of singular changes the form: Personal pronouns M I U Ti Ni Bi object pronouns Me You Him/her Us You Them Mi Si U Ti Ni Bi
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Exercises: 1) Rewrite the following sentences using the appropriate object pronoun. Example: U ti (her) limombil_________U ti u limombil
a) Bi da (him) trchi _________________________________________________ b) Binib ter (me) _________________________________________________ c) Bi kpa (them) tijiir _________________________________________________ d) Bi nyaab ( you formal) kidiik _________________________________________________ e) f) Chichatiib fii (us) _________________________________________________ Bi ba da (them) cheechee _________________________________________________
2) Report the following quotations using the appropriate object pronouns: Example: Dawoe len ki (Dawoe said): dichaa mi______U len ki bi dichaa u
a) Alicia len ki: Bi gaa mi li _____________________________________________________ b) Chicha len ki: bi joomii _____________________________________________________ c) Soula len ki: ni ter mi _____________________________________________________ d) Komna len ki: bi puu mi nnyun _____________________________________________________ e) Willy len ki: bi bin loor _____________________________________________________ f) Amy len ki: bi tii mi nnyk _____________________________________________________ g) David len ki: ti ter bi _____________________________________________________ h) Fan len ki: da mi likekeln _____________________________________________________
3) Which words or expressions would you use in these situations? Sickness Attack 84
Situation: a) b) You go to a bar and you see somebody who tries to take your bike. React. You are at your post, you are not doing very well and you cannot walk. What would you say in Konmkomba to ask for help?
TDA: a) Go to the trainer or someboby in the community who comes from your Region and ask him about specific words and expressions people use in case of emergency (if it is possible). Do the same with your host father to know what your host community does.
b)
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Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Use appropriate vocabulary and the conditional tense to talk about his/her job in the community 2) Discuss the importance of foreign help (especially American help) in Konkomba communities. 86
Dialogue Najo Christina, a PCV goes to the Chief of her post. She introduces herself and explains her job to him.
Ubr: Christina N. Ubr: Christina N: Ubr Christina N Ubr Christina N Ubr N sin pn Laafia. Uninkpel, N doon pn ubr Laafia. I pn kinyee? Laafia. M chee m, sen le chuu ni M mu chee m. M ye unichaan le ki nyan ni Amirika ki dan ki m tun lituln nni do yaab. Lituln lelali le i dan i nan a ? M dan ki m ter bisapmb ni binaachimpmb,aan baa skul buen mbu Yoo! niin. I ni nsin!
Dialogue in English
Chief:
Christina N: Chief: Christina N: Chief: Christina N: Chief: Christina N: Chief: Christina N: Chief:
Welcome. Thanks Sir. Good morning chief! Good morning, how are you? Im fine. Whats the reason of your visit? I have a good reason to be here chief. Im a stranger and I came from America And Im here to work with people Ok, what kind of work are you going to do? Im an American Volunteer and I will work with you. What kind of job are you going to do? Im here to help girls and boys to go school and to complete their schooling. Good, you are welcome.
Cultural notes
Americans are well regarded in the community and everyboby would like to befriend or to collaborate with them. People think Americans are rich and powerful and have solution for any situation
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Vocabulary Words and expressions: GEE: Bisapmb aa skul aachun ni kiyortisa din na.
Skul Uskubo(nskulbim) Chicha (chichatiib) Utumbe (bitumbeliib) Uninkpel (bininkpiib)
Ti na (Tinatiib)
Litumbe Kiskudiik ponn ni Lituln ponn ni
apprenticeship
Classroom (In the classroom)
office/workplace
Timer
Saa mpiin Maah ubo maal mbim aajiir tam Umer (bimerb) Sida aaween iween ti ter mbim ti ter bimerb
to vaccinate/to inject to give birth birth child nutrition mother(s) AIDS sickness to help kids to help mothers
Kisaa (Tiser) Ukpaal (Bikpaab) Busub (Isui) Kiwkur (Tiwkur) Kpaa tiwkur Naan kisaa Choon isui Maa nfin
farm(s) farmer(s) tree(s) animal(s) to raise animals to make a farm to plant trees to construct a stove(s) 88
Unympu (Binympub)
Faar(maam)
Faardaan Nmpoe
Liliktool/Aboo Bli limombil Bank Pinn Biwnkor limombil Paa
Pinn limombil
da Lipl
Ipaar/Tinyoor Kan ipaar/Tinyoor
trader(s) trader(s)[women] shop(s) shop keeper(s)/ owner(s) group/association tontine to save money bank, to have a loan/to borrow money to give a loan to traders to pay to buy
Debt
Verbs
Suur To educate/to
sensibilise
m Expressions
to teach
binib Sida aaween bu bipiib, mbim aajikarjir aabr ni chichatiib ni mbim baa skul aabrni
to sensitize people on AIDS. sensitize/ advise women about child nutrition. to sensitize teachers about children schooling to have a meeting Whats your profession? What job are you here for?
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Grammar notes:
Ask questions with who ma, Why Babu, How many Biin, How much iin ma (who): ma le I bin? Who are you looking for?
Structure: ma .+.le.+subject.+.verb.+noun Babu(why): Babu le I gii u footi? Structure: Babu .+.le.+subject.+.verb.+noun Biin(how many): Binib biin le dan ikuu? Structure: subject.+ Biin.+.le.+. verb.+.noun Iin (how much): iin le I da likuul? Structure: iin .+.le.+subject.+.verb.+noun NB: The particle le follows the interrogative term and gives a good sound to pronunciation. It can be omitted in certain case Example: ma dan ki bin mi? Who came to look for me? How much did you buy the hoe? How many persons came to the meeting?i Why did you take him a picture?
The particle le disappears if the interrogative term is palced at the end of the sentence. Example: U bin ma? Hes looking for whom?
Exercises
Use ma, Babu, iin, biin to ask for questions with the following sentences. Example: Nik kr bukiib 100fcfa Iinle Nik kr bukiib? 1. Maa dan lituln, nibunaa Mbun 2. Tina Timye Marie na kpaa loor bilee 3. Tina Rooz Naabin ni ge fu dan foon 4. Waa dan nibunaa baa pu wu nsin 5. Bi da imuul kotoko bilee 6. Nimoar David buen Baasar doon u joo 7. U te kpa mbim biloo (6) 8. U na bin u
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Make sentences with: N bin ki , M dan, M chun ki. 1) Dialogue: during her post visit Amy explains her job to her host father Mawin
Ini nsin Yoo, Kijook pn? Laafia. Ba aatuln le I dan I nan a do? M dan m ter binib la. M gan si lilatuln? M dan m len Sida aabr, kiwark na le ki tuk binib ba gelijoo biba bu ki le kpa ngbanpn naa. Mawin: Amy: Mawin Amy: Niin. Li lituln le Ijoo Kassi Nik ge a? U dan u ter nskubim ni bitumbeliib. M doon si sakpen. Nia foon Yoo, Nia foon
Some words and expressions: ngbanpn Sida aabr M gan si M doon si Health problems of AIDS please, I beg you. I greet you, I thank you I came Apprentices
M dan
Bitumbeliib
Questions:
a) Ba aatuln le Amy ani? b) Ba aatuln le Kassi Nik ani? c) Ba aatuln le I ani? d) Translate into English: M din ki lento the end of the dialogue
Situation: You meet a community member who wants to know more about your program and the job you will do at your post. TDA Go to your host father and ask him to explain his job to you. (What he does exactly). Tell him about your work. Report the information to the next class.
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Useful expressions
1)
Conversation managers:
M gan si dipu mi
2)
please/excuse me Susu slowly Len ti suu say it slowly Ki len ti say it again Nimk ki ba?/itaah ye kiba? What does it mean? Maa un itaah what does mean? Maa un I dont understand it. Maa ma un . I cant hear you. Niwoon inimbilaa? Is that clear for you? Niwoon naa? /Iun naa? Is that clear? Daa, naawin n nimbil . Its not clear for me. Ni ye mala mala Its too fast Len ti suu kpee aa kicha m ma un say it slowly again so that I can understand it I nan len kinyee? You said what? Kinyee ye? What? Naa ye tibr Its not a problem Naa a tiba Itdoesnt matter I un naa? Do you understand? Hiin, M un yes, I do Daa, maa un No, I dont I un tii? Did you hear that? Yoo, m un ti. Ok, yes I heard it. Ti gbii? Is it true? Ti gbii. Its true. Maa nyi I dont know To express needs:
Nnyun nyu chu mi M ge nyu nnyun Nkon chu mi M jee m ji Tiba
Im thirsty. I will/want to drink Im hungry I will/ I want to eat thing in general Im tired I want to relax I want to relax a little 92
M cha m ti doon
3)
Im going to bed M buen kipndiik ni/M buen nnyunbun ni I want to use the latrine/bathroom Kitotoon j mi Im hot Tiwr j mi Im cold M baa jee m kan tibgaan siib I would like to study a little At home:
Gaafra! Naak I ni nsin M gan si m tii si lijaal M gan ni, bi tii ni ijaal N geen bido,si le chuu ni? M buen kinyank ki gir ni M ge fu buen lituln ki gir ni Girni mala I cho ki dan Ti ji tijiir Dan ti ti ji tijiir Nia foon/Baabaayi
excuse me ok, come in welcome please, have a seat please, have a seat (to more than one person) what are you here for? Im going to the market and I will be back Ill go to the office and I will come back come back early have a good day lets eat come lets eat see you tomorrow
4)
Ill travel and I will come back safe journey safe journey(to more than one person) come back early bring good things back What about people from where you come from? bye bye
your dress is very nice. you look nice you look so nice this morning I like your dress. I like the cloth
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6)
At work:
7)
Siinjo aatuln
The weather:
good job ok what about the work how are doing with it? we are on it the work is very difficult its not easy to do./its not an easy job
8)
Ni too Ni too pam Ni soon pam Libuul Libuul bi Utaal bi nu Kitapaa wiin Ni mk nyak nyak Utaal ge fu nu Ni mue
its hot its very hot its very cold wind its windy its raining the weather is clear its shining. it will rain its dark
At a feast:
Jiaal nan mn
Jiaal moan
Ni ni jiaal
Other expressions
the feast was very good good feast good feast to you
Ni ye ki
its means that its good that its necessary for me that its important to
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95
B bad bag ball banana bank barber bathroom battery beat beautiful become because bed bedroom beer begin behind believe belt between big bird bite black blood blue boat book bottle box boy break bridge bring burn bureau but buy
Nikain Litikl bol Kodo Bank uyilkpekuu nnyunbun Taakpel (trchi) gba Niin girni? Nibunaa Doon Ponn ni aadiik biyaa Kikel/kibaani Powb gaaki Dambara kasini Nigbingbii Unyon ju Ubn faar blu Pento kigba kpaalba daaka ujabo Bii/Nikaain na kudool jooni see buro Niyeki da
96
C call car (auto) carpenter carry catch cement center century chair change chat chief choose church cigarette city classroom clean close cloth clothes come comic complain console continue corn cost cry cut D dance dark daughter day dead deep depend differ different difficult (Its difficult)
yi loor Kapiita Tun chu simiti Kaasini ibi Ikui ilee Lijaal Likpeln Libgbaal Ubr nyin choochi sigaar kiti kpaan Kiskudiik ni aar,pir pii Tiwanpeekaan Tiwanpeekaan dan Assaara sank son ani cha Nkaalimaa kidaak mon gii
Nnyonyon
Ni ge nyan ni Naakpaan nibiniba Nipoaa
97
disease dish distribute do doctor dog door draw dry dream drug duty E ear early earth east effort egg empty encourage end enemy enjoy evening everybody everything everywhere except extra eye F face fall famous far farm farmer fast (rapid) festival few
Ub
busamk Naan (tiwan) Kuur Tidank Nnyk Lituln kpaaln
litafaal mala Kiti liwupul lipoan ijen nikuu poan utaakpaab kuku mbonaab mjeem
kijook
Binib mmk Tiwan mmk Nimk chee do baaja Nijer linimbil
Nimbil wb Ler kpa liyimbil Nida kisaa Ukpaal mala jiaal siib
98
field fire first flower food force foreigner forest forget fork forward fry full
Kisaa Mmi Njin Nsupuu/Nmsaapuu Tijiir mpoan Unichan Kipoaa sunn Kijiik kilicha (mbu) ken gbi
G
game gas station garden gate gather get gift girl give glass (drinking) God gold government green ground groundnut grow guest guide
Ngbiir station aakpin Jardin (Kisaa) Mbusaamk Kuu ga Upum Upibo tii kpu Uwumbr sika gomna Kifaa son Titin Sima chir unichan j
99
H
habit hair half hand handsome happiness hard health healthy heart hear heavy height high highway history hole honest hunter I idea if immediately important insect inspector interesting invite iron
Mbimbi Tiyikper Ligeln Naal Unibruchi lipoobil soonl/nsuidoon Nipaa Lafie Laafia bi Kibi un Nnyunyu Nnyonyon Ninyon Nsin kpaan Nnikpidoyonn Nbu Unibaamon Ukpin
100
J
job join joke journey joy jump justice
Lituln Kpaan ngbiir Nsin Nmoan yuuk Nbamn
K
key kill kilometer king kichen knee knife know
Mpii Kuu Kilometre Ubr kidediik Litanaayil kujuuk Nyi
L
labor ladder land language last late laugh law leader learn leave leg length letter lie life line listen little long look lose luck (good)
Lituln Libimbil kiti lin kokoyo gbenn powb laa Nsin/Likoobil Uyildaan Beyi Fii Litaapaaln nff gba nnyamn Tipnn Ninaamk un Siib Ndaadaa Lik wonk Liyilmoan
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M
machine malaria male manioc manner many mark maybe meaning mechanic medecine meeting merchant million miracle mirror month moon mosquito mountain mouth
Nji Fiba uja Banchi anidiibuna sakpen Bambuna/geen/nlandak Nibaaki Nimkiba Uwontoor nnyk Ikuu Utoor chuur baaka Maamachi Kinimbilik Umaal ubaa Umaal Unaaduu Lijol Kimk
N
nation nature near nearly necessary neck need neighbor never new night noise none noon nose nothing notice now number
Litiyil ndilnyani Peen Ninaan/Nibiki Nipaab Nsil Nibinkaan Mmaant Takikpeekina Nipnn Kinyeek Kifuk ba ubaa Nwiinkasini Nnui Tiba aabi/ Niba aabi Tiborchaan Dandana Nkaam
102
O
ocean offer office often old once open opinion or order other
limoal tii Litulni majee Poor nfumba Piir Nlandak Aan Ti nsin Uken
P
pack package pain pants papaya paper parent party past pay peace period permit people perhaps person picture piece pillow piss place plant plantain plate pleasure policeman poor post office
Libuaal Buu Nwoom Peetibo Gband Ngba Te Jiaal N-yoonn Paa Lifuur Tam Pu nsin Binib Nibake Uni Footi Liwangeln Liyikukul nyeen Libuul kidiik Borade Lisambil Mmoan Plisitiib Ugii Lituln
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pot power praise prefer pregnant prepare president pretty prevent priest profit progress prove punishment purpose
Mpum Mpoan Limeel Jee Upudaan a Uyildaan Uninyaan akir Fada Ipaar Buen mbu Nyiitaah falaa Maabimbu
Q
queen question quicly quiet
Upibr Libbaah mala mala Kaamin/Kaa suu
R
rain raise reach read ready receive red respect rest return ripe rope rubber run
utaal Kpee Nwaawa Kaan Siki Gaawu Niman Kipaak Lifuur Digin Ndadak Nmi Tiwan pirkaan san
104
S
sack safe salary say scream seat see separate share short show sick side sign since sit slow small sock speak swim
kotoko Dem Lipaal Tuk Fa nkuu
Lijaal
Lik Giyaahr Yaahr Ligegeln mk Ubun Lipepel libaa Kidaan Doo na Kaal Suu Siib Tinaatafur Len Woo nnyun
T
table talk tall test than then thank there third through throw thus tooth travel tree
Taabl limbool Nff Kikpkp/Ipan Ki Tam gbin Doon wu Nimachee uterter Nlandak mee Kinaana inyi Nsin (Buen nsin Isui
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kiyrkitisaa Skulkpaan
W
wait wake up walk warn wash water welcome well wide wind window with work write
Sil kiir Fenn Lisachuln len siin/Tuk siin Liwfenn Nnyun Ini nsin nnyunbun/Popitaab Nwaawa Libuln Taakro Ni Lituln Limeel
Y
yam yellow yesterday yet Z zone zero
linuul Limonkaal Foon ujer na Kidikpee
Lipepel Baanibaa
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