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    CH 16 APES

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    snowmandan
    The document discusses various types of pesticides and pest control methods, including chemical pesticides like organophosphates and synthetic organics as well as ecological controls. It covers concepts like integrated pest management, the pesticide treadmill, and issues caused by bioaccumulation of pesticides like DDT in the environment.

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    CH 16 APES

    Uploaded by

    snowmandan
    26 views2 pages
    The document discusses various types of pesticides and pest control methods, including chemical pesticides like organophosphates and synthetic organics as well as ecological controls. It covers concepts like integrated pest management, the pesticide treadmill, and issues caused by bioaccumulation of pesticides like DDT in the environment.

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    A study guide I did for Environmental chapter 16 in our textbook

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    Ch 16 APES

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    The document discusses various types of pesticides and pest control methods, including chemical pesticides like organophosphates and synthetic organics as well as ecological controls. It covers concepts like integrated pest management, the pesticide treadmill, and issues caused by bioaccumulation of pesticides like DDT in the environment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    CH 16 APES

    Uploaded by

    snowmandan
    The document discusses various types of pesticides and pest control methods, including chemical pesticides like organophosphates and synthetic organics as well as ecological controls. It covers concepts like integrated pest management, the pesticide treadmill, and issues caused by bioaccumulation of pesticides like DDT in the environment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Dan Tomlin

    Ch 16 Guide
    1. Organophosphates, carbamates, chlorinated hdrocarbons,
    pyrethroids, and traizines
    2. Raw toxic heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and mercury
    3. Synthetic organics were invented like DDT and toxaphene.
    4. Chemical treatment uses synthetic organics to kill the pests,
    while ecological control introduces natural predators to kill the
    pests.
    5. Integrated pest management is beneficial to the economy and to
    the individual growing the crops because less of the crops will
    die, but they also disrupt the natural ecosystem and can
    decrease the biodiversity in an ecosystem.
    6. DDT was used in the 50s and 60s as a pesticide, but then was
    leaked into the water, into the fish, and into predatory birds
    through bioaccumulation.
    7. The pesticide treadmill is the human population not completely
    eradicating the pests, but increasing their resistance to the
    pesticides used, requiring more to be used in the future and so
    on. A possible fix could be to use ecological control to use more
    natural means to rid of the pests.
    8. Pest Resurgence is when, just before the pest population is
    eradicated, the pests adapt to the pesticide and end up growing
    to larger populations than before.
    9. Cultural control is a nonchemical alteration of the environment so
    that the pest can not live there. Natural Enemies are new
    predatory organisms that eat the pests. Genetic control is
    altering the genetics of the plant so that the pest is not able to
    eat it. Natural chemical control is using hormones to distrupt the
    pests life cycle.
    10.
    FIFRA has jurisdiction over the use and manufacturing of
    pesticides. The FFDCA prevented pesticides that cause cancer to
    be used on food.
    1. PestAny organism that is noxious destructive, or
    troublesome.
    2. Agricultural pestsOrganisms that feed on ornamental plants
    or agricultural crops or animals.
    3. Weedsforage grasses for light and nutrients
    4. Herbicideschemicals that kill plants
    5. Pesticideschemicals that kill animals and insects considered
    to be pests
    6. Chemical treatmentseeks a magic bullet that will eradicate
    or greatly lessen the numbers of the pest

    7. Ecological controlGive long lasting protection by developing


    control agents on the basis of knowledge of the pests life cycle
    and of ecological relationships.
    8. Integrated pest management (IPM)An approach to
    controlling pest populations by using all suitable methods
    chemical and ecologicalin a way that brings about long term
    management of pest populations and also has minimal
    environmental impact
    9. First generation pesticideHeavy metals
    10.Second generation pesticideSynthetic organics
    11.Broad spectrumEffective against a multitude of insects
    12.PersistentDoes not bread down readily in the environment
    and lasts
    13.ResurgenceAfter the population has been virtually
    eliminated with a pesticide, the pest population not only
    recovers, but explodes to higher and more severe levels.
    14.Secondary-pest outbreakAfter a resurgence
    15.Pesticide treadmillUsing more and more amounts of
    pesticides to try to eradicate pests.
    16.BioaccumulationSmall, seemingly harmless amounts of the
    pesticide may reach toxic levels.
    17.BiomagnificationMultiplying effect of bioaccumulation that
    occurs through a food chain.
    18.Silent Spring and Rachel Carson1950s she wrote a book
    describing the uncontrolled use of insecticides and their impact
    on bird populations.
    20.Cultural control-- nonchemical alteration of the environment
    so that the pest can not live there.
    21.Genetic control-- Genetic control is altering the genetics of the
    plant so that the pest is not able to eat it.
    22.Hormones/pheromonesChemicals produced in organisms
    which provide signals that control developmental processes
    and metabolic functions.
    23.Economic thresholdWhen the economic losses due to the
    damage considerably outweigh the cost of applying a pesticide.
    24.Organic foodsFood produced without the use of pesticides
    and fertilizers.

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