Instrumentation and Product Testing
Instrumentation and Product Testing
Instrumentation and Product Testing
4. Describe the working principle of the auto-collimator and what is its relative
position in the spectrum of angle measuring instruments?
Answer:
The auto-collimator projects a beam of collimated light. An external reflector reflects all
or part of the beam back into the instrument where the beam is focused and detected by a
photo-detector. The auto-collimator measures the deviation between the emitted beam
and the reflected beam. Because the auto-collimator uses light to measure angles, it never
comes into contact with the test surface.
The following Fig. from Prof. Tang Power Point:
R1
S + S
R2
Auto-collimator 2
gives R2
Auto-collimator 1
gives R1
S ( R2 R1 )
R2 R1
n
processing creates a calibrated angular output which is traceable to the U.S. National
Institute of Standards and Technology; but the human eye acts as the photodetector when
use ordinary auto-collimator, resolution will vary among operators.
6. Describe what are the practical forms of angle standards and what is the order of
errors expected in them?
Answer:
The following table is practical form of angle standards and the order of errors:
For example (from Prof. Tang Power Point):
Face
minute second minute
second minute second second
0-45
5
31.5
8.0
47.7
3.0
16.2
2.8
45-90
4
16.3
7.0
34.8
3.0
18.5
5.1
90-135
3
17.7
6.0
30.0
3.0
12.3
-1.1
135-180
4
52.4
8.0
7.5
3.0
15.1
1.7
180-225
4
4.0
7.0
10.7
3.0
6.7
-6.7
225-270
4
32.9
7.0
51.0
3.0
18.1
4.7
270-315
2
16.8
5.0
25.3
3.0
8.5
-4.9
315-0
5
19.9
8.0
31.7
3.0
11.8
-1.6
(R2-R1)
25.0
47.2
(R2-R2)/8
3
13.4
Reference:
http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagesimal
http://www.micro-radian.com/Principles.html
Instrumentation and Product Testing Learning Portfolio 2009/2010 - Prof. C.Y. Tang
Prof. C. Y. Tang PowerPoint