Asme Section II A Sa-181 Sa-181m

2007 SECTION II, PART A
SA-181 /SA-181M
SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL FORGINGS, FOR

GENERAL-PURPOSE PIPING
SA-181 /SA-181M
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 181 /A 181M-01)
1.
2.2 AIAG Standard:

AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard
Scope
1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service.
Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may
be ordered to Specification A 266/A 266M.
3.
General Requirements and Ordering

Information
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform
to the requirements of Specification A 961, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of
Specification A 961 constitutes non-conformance with this
specification.
1.2 Two grades of material are covered, designated

as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in
accordance with their chemical composition and mechanical properties as specified in 5.1 and 6.1.
1.3 Class 60 was formerly designated Grade I and Class
70 was formerly designated Grade II.
3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in

the purchase order all ordering information necessary to
purchase the needed material. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the ordering information
in Specification A 961 and the following:
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound

units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
applicable M specification designation (SI units), the
material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with
the specification.
2.
3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and

3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2,
12.1, and 12.2).
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A 961, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
Referenced Documents
4.
Materials and Manufacture

4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically
shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged
bar, provided that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other
parts, excluding flanges of all types, up to and including
NPS 4 may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar.
Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
machined directly from bar stock.
2.1 ASTM Standards:

A 266/A 266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings
for Pressure Vessel Components
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A 961 Specification for Common Requirements for Steel
Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
Applications
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Copyright ASME International

Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
247
Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101
Not for Resale, 08/09/2007 17:37:30 MDT
SA-181 /SA-181M
4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product

shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section
(exclusively) of Specification A 788.
10.
10.1 Repair welding, by the manufacturer, is permissible for parts made to dimensional standards such as those
of ANSI or equivalent standards.
4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall

submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the
shape of the rough forging before machining.
10.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required

to weld repair special parts made to the purchasers requirements.
4.4 Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too

rapid cooling from the rolling or forging while passing
through the critical range.
10.3 The composition of the weld deposits shall be

similar to the base metal and in accordance with the procedure qualification for the applicable material. Welding shall
be accomplished with a weld procedure designed to produce low hydrogen in the weldment. Short-circuit gas metal
arc welding is permissible only with the approval of the
purchaser.
4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited,

but when applied, heat treatment shall consist of tempering,
annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering.
5.
Chemical Composition
5.1 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
specified in Table 1. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.
11.
Marking of Forgings
11.1 Identification marks consisting of the manufacturers symbol or name (Note), designation of service rating,
Specification number, grade, and size shall be legibly
forged or stamped on each forging, and in such a position
as not to injure the usefulness of the forgings.
6.
Mechanical Properties
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as
to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
7.
Repair by Welding
11.2 Bar Coding In addition to the requirements in

11.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identification method. The purchaser may specify in the order a
specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding
system, if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should
be consistent with one of the published industry standards
for bar coding. If used on small parts, the bar code may
be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
Number of Tests
7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat.
7.2 If any test specimen is defectively machined, it

may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
8.
Retests
8.1 When one or more representative test specimens
do not conform to specification requirements for the tested
characteristic, only a single retest for each nonconforming
characteristic may be performed to establish product
acceptability. Retests shall be performed on twice the number of representative specimens that were originally nonconforming. When any retest specimen does not conform
to specification requirements for the characteristic in question, the lot represented by that specimen shall be rejected,
heat-treated or reheat-treated in accordance with 4.5, and
tested in accordance with Sections 6 and 7.
12.
Certificate of Compliance
12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract,

a producers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to
the purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled,
tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification
and has been found to meet the requirements. The specification designation included on certificates of compliance
shall include year of issue and revision letter, if any.
12.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract,
a report of the test results shall be furnished.
9.
Reports of Testing
9.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or
order, a report of the test results and chemical analyses
shall be furnished. The specification designation included
on reports of testing shall include year of issue and revision
letter, if any.
13.
Keywords
13.1 pipe fittings; steel; piping applications; pressure

containing parts; steel forgings; carbon; steel valves
248
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SA-181 /SA-181M
TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Element
Composition, %
Classes 60 and 70
Carbon, max.
Manganese, max.
Phosphorus, max.
Silicon
Sulfur, max.
0.35
1.10 A
0.05
0.100.35
0.05
A
Manganese may be increased to 1.35% max. provided the carbon is reduced 0.01% for each 0.06% increase in manganese over
the limit shown in the table.
TABLE 2
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
Tensile strength, min., ksi [MPa]

Yield strength, A min., ksi [MPa]
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min., %
Reduction of area, min., %
Class 60
Class 70
60 [415]
30 [205]
22
35
70 [485]
36 [250]
18
24
A
Determined by either the 0.2% offset method or the 0.5%
extension-under-load method.
249

SA-181 /SA-181M
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
S1. Carbon Equivalent

S1.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat
analysis shall be as follows:
S1.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:

CE p C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
S1.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be

agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value

Class
Maximum Section Thickness

Less Than or Equal to 2 in.
Maximum Section Thickness

Greater Than 2 in.
60
70
0.45
0.47
0.46
0.48
S1.4 When this Supplementary Requirement is

invoked, all elements in the carbon equivalent formula
shall be analyzed and the amounts reported.
250


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2007 SECTION II, PART A

SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL FORGINGS, FOR

2.2 AIAG Standard:

General Requirements and Ordering

1.2 Two grades of material are covered, designated

3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in

1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound

3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and

Materials and Manufacture

2.1 ASTM Standards:

Copyright ASME International

2007 SECTION II, PART A

4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product

4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall

10.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required

4.4 Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too

10.3 The composition of the weld deposits shall be

4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited,

11.2 Bar Coding In addition to the requirements in

7.2 If any test specimen is defectively machined, it

12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract,

13.1 pipe fittings; steel; piping applications; pressure

Copyright ASME International

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

Tensile strength, min., ksi [MPa]

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

S1. Carbon Equivalent

S1.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:

S1.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be

Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value

Maximum Section Thickness

Maximum Section Thickness

S1.4 When this Supplementary Requirement is

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

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