Long Span Pratt
Long Span Pratt
Long Span Pratt
Milano
BSCE-5 Timber Excel Program
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)
DATA:
Type of wood: pahutan
Bending and Tension(Fb) 13.80 MPa Wn2 Wnt
Shear(Fv) 1.34 MPa
Compression(Fc) 8.14 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity(E) 9100.00 MPa
Relative Density(G) 0.55
Specific Gravity 5.40 kN/m3 WDL+LL
LOADINGS:
Wind Pressure 0.96 kPa
Minimum Roof Live Load 0.80 kPa
GI roofing 0.15 kPa
Residential Live Load 2.00 kPa
SPACING:
Purlins 0.40 m
Truss 2.75 m
Floor Joist 0.40 m
DESIGN OF PURLINS
Theta, q; 9.46
LOADINGS:
Live load 0.32 Kn/m
Roofing 0.06 Kn/m
Purlin weight 0.16 Kn/m
WDL+LL 0.54 Kn/m
Load Combinations:
Condition 1: DL + LL
WDL+LL = 0.53 kN/m governs!!
Condition 2: DL + LL + WL
WDL+LL+WL = 0.23 kN/m LOAD COMBINATION:
Windward:
Pn = 1.3(sinq - 0.5)P -0.27
Leeward:
MOMENTS: Pn = -0.5P -0.48
Mn = Mx = 1/8(WnLx ) 2
9.6211285 Kn-m
(WW) Wn1 = Pn(Spacing) -0.11
Mt = My = 1/12(WnLy ) 2
0.178169 Kn-m (LW) Wn1 = Pn(Spacing) -0.192
Wn2 = WDL+LL(cosq) 0.53
Wnt = WDL+LL(sinq) 0.09
SHEAR:
WN = Wn1 + Wn2 0.42
Vx = (1/2)WnLx 3.2070428 Kn Wt = Wnt 0.09
Vy = (1/2)WnLy 0.089084523 Kn
DESIGN OF TRUSS
TRIAL DIMENSION:
75 x 200 mm
I= 5.00E+07 mm 4
1.512
Windward
wind load = -9.19449308 Kn/m
fx = 0.30231307 Kn
fy = 1.81387842 Kn
Leeward
wind load = -16.0584931 Kn/m
fx = 0.528 Kn
fy = 3.168 Kn
18.865 KN
Forces Due to DL + LL
9.433 Kn 9.43268 Kn
M
M
N
9.433 Kn L
9.433 Kn
K
9.433 Kn
J
ceiling load
A B C D E F
24 m
1.3541 KN
0.3023 KN M 0.528
1.814 KN N
L
0.3023 KN
1.814 Kn K
0.3023 KN
J
1.814 Kn
0.3023 KN
A B C D E F
3.0 3.0 3.0 m 3m 3.000 m 3.0000
24 m
NOTE: the reactions and axial bar forces are solved using the GRASP SOFTWARE. The calculations an
instead, a summary in table form is provided.
TRIAL DIMENSION:
150 x 200 mm
I= 1.00E+08 mm 4
P= -88.110 Kn
L= 3041.38 mm
L/d = 20.275875
.5
π E
K= ( )( )
2 6 fc
= 21.4413806 since L/d<K and L/d>11 it is short column
To be safe:
Fc >= fc
2
π E
Fc=
L 2
36 ( )
d
Fc = 6.07
fc = P/A = 2.94 < 6.07 it is safe!=)
TRIAL DIMENSION:
100 x 200 mm
I= 6.67E+07 mm 4
P= 91.000 Kn
L= 3000.00 mm
L/d = 30
.5
π E
K= ( )( )
2 6 fc
= 21.4413806 since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column
To be safe:
Fc >= fc
π2 E
Fc=
L 2
36
d ( )
Fc = 8.14
fc = P/A = 4.55 < 8 it is safe!=)
Fb >= ft
Fb = 13.80 MPa
P
f t= = 6.23 < 13.80 it is safe!=)
( 3 /5 ) A g
DESIGN OF Verticals
TRIAL DIMENSION:
75 x 200 mm
I= 5.00E+07 mm 4
P= 11.400 / -12.400 Kn
L= 2000.00 mm
L/d = 26.666667
.5
π E
K= ( )( )
2 6 fc
= 21.4413806 since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column
To be safe:
Fc >= fc
2
π E
Fc=
L 2
36
d ( )
Fc = 3.51
fc = P/A = 0.76 < 3.51 it is safe!=)
Fb >= ft
Fb = 13.80 MPa
P
f t= = 1.38 < 13.80 it is safe!=)
( 3 /5 ) A g
DESIGN OF Diagonals
TRIAL DIMENSION:
150 x 200 mm
I= 1.00E+08 mm 4
P= 8.800 / -150.600 Kn
L= 3160.00 mm
L/d = 21.066667
.5
π E
K=
2 ( )( ) 6 fc
= 21.4413806 since L/d<K and L/d>11 it is short column
To be safe:
Fc >= fc
2
π E
Fc =
L 2
36
d( )
Fc = 5.62E+00
fc = P/A = 0.29 < 5.62.E+00 it is safe!=)
Fb >= ft
Fb = 13.80 MPa
P
f t= = 8.37 < 13.80 it is safe!=)
( 3 /5 ) A g
2.00 m
12.00 m
-0.27 kN/m (+) Windward (-) Leeward
-0.48 kN/m
-0.11 kN/m
-0.192
0.53 kN/m
0.09 kN/m
0.42 kN/m
0.09 kN/m
13.80 Mpa
1.34 Mpa
2.64
Kn
9.433 Kn
O 9.43 kn
P 9.43 kn
G H
Kn
0.528 KN
3.17 Kn
0.528 KN
O
3.17 kn
0.528 KN
P 3.17 kn
0.528 KN
G H I
3.0000 m 3.0000 3.0000
EXCEL SOLUTIONS
1.) Design the vertical member using steel bar and its square/rectangular washer
if Fs=100 MPa for steel (assume hole diameter = bolt diameter ).
Solution :
Fs = P As = P = 11400 N = 114 mm2
As Fs 100 MPa
Find thickness, t :
t = 6M ; Fb = Fs
bFb
M = T ( b - dn ) ; dn = 1.5 dh + 3 = 1.5(16) +3
8 dn = 27 mm
2.) Design the wooden splicing at member 6, using wooden side plates .
( both sides ) and 16 mm diameter bolts
Given : P = 91 kN at member 2 Group 2 Apitong
Member 6: 100 mm x 200 mm From Table : ( Double Shear )
L = 200 mm P// = 4.359 kN/bolt
d = 16 mm QL = 3.069 kN/bolt
100 mm
Solution :
P/2
l P
P/2
a.) Find number of bolts :
P// ( n ) = P/2
n = 91 2
4.359
n = 10.44 bolts = 12 bolts in 2 rows
b. ) Find thickness of wooden side plate :
100 mm
P
L
Check from Tension :
b.1 ) Fb = P/2
3/5 Ag
13.8 = 45.5
3/5 Ag
Ag = 5495.17 mm2 = Lt ; L = 100 mm
t = 5495.17
100
t = 54.95 mm
Say t = 55 mm
b.2 ) Fb = P/2
Anet
Anet = 45.5
13.8
Anet = 3297.10 mm2
Anet =(L-# holes
[ øh ] ) t ; #holes = 2 ( cross-section )
; øh = øb + 3
øh = 16 + 3
øh = 19 mm
3297.10 = 100 - 2 19 t
t = 53.18 mm
Say t = 55 mm
Use the larger value for thickness. Therefore, t = 55 mm
IF t = 55 mm
Anet = 100 - 2 19 55
Anet = 3410 mm2
fb = 45.5
3410
fb = 13.34 MPa < Fb = 13.8 MPa OK!
end
g
P/2
end
edge s s
From minimum requirements :
s ≥ 4 d ( // to grain )
Use : g = 2.5 d if l/d = 2
s = 4 d g = 5 d if l/d ≥ 6
s = 4 16 l/d = 200 16 = 12.5
s = 64 mm o. c. g = 5 d
g = 5 16
g = 80 mm o. c.
Solution :
θ= tan-1 2.4
6
θ= 9.46
θ
Py 3
P = 67.9 kN
Px
θ/2 = 4.73
Py = Psin θ/2 = 67.9 sin 4.73 = 5.60 kN
Px = Pcos θ/2 = 67.9 cos 4.73 = 67.67 kN
B A
75 αAC
αBC C
BC
75
AC
AC
For section BC :
αBC = 4.73
rBC = pq
psin αBC + qcos2αBC
2
= 8.14 2.07
8.14 sin2 4.73 + 2.07 cos2 4.73
rBC = 7.98 MPa
BCrequired = 67.67
75 7.98
BCreq
uired = 113.05 mm
For section AC :
αAC = 90 - θ/2 = 90 - 4.73 = 85.27
rAC = pq
psin αAC + qcos2αAC
2
= 8.14 2.07
8.14 sin2 85.27 + 2.07 cos2 85.27
rAC = 2.08 MPa
hrequired :
Try from BC :
hrequired = 113.05 cos 4.73
hrequired = 112.67 mm
Try from AC :
hrequired = 35.89 cos 85.27
hrequired = 2.96 mm
3" x 8"
3" x 8"
-90.1kN
16 mm Φ
-24.0kN
P1 = -90.10 kN
P2 = -24.000 kN
θ1 = 21.8 ˚
θ2 = 40.23 ˚
sin θ1 = AB / 200 AB =
cos θ1 = BC /200 BC =
sin θ2 = DE /200 DE =
cos θ2 = EF / 200 EF =
= 5.796 MPa
= 3.661 MPa
Bearing Area:
A = 45119.77403 mm2
= 2.307 MPa
= 3.005 MPa
Bearing Area:
A = 9768.49568 mm2
factual = Py / A = 5.012 kN
P P
For bolt shear:
no. of bolts, n
7 1/2
3 5/8
= 1403.223 mm2
P = Fb Ab = (25.90)(1403.2)
= 20487.0558 kN
t = 3.07058 mm say 3 mm
75mm x 110mm 4mm washer
3" x 8"
3" x 8"
-90.1kN
16 mm Φ
-24.0kN
83.657 kN
33.460 kN
18.323 kN
15.501 kN
50.367 mm
141.29 mm
88.606 mm
121.03 mm
.8))