Manual PC Soundcard Scope 1.4.5
Manual PC Soundcard Scope 1.4.5
Manual PC Soundcard Scope 1.4.5
Zeitnitz 11/2014
1 Requirements
2 Installation
Unpack the ZIP file in any directory and run setup.exe. The program can be started thereafter through the
program menu of the Windows operating system.
3 Description
This software can be used for the display and analysis of sound waves. The data can be recorded both
directly from the sound card (with a microphone or LINE input), or from a source such as a CD or
Mediaplayer. The input to the oscilloscope is defined by the Windows sound mixer (see below). The software
obtains its input data for the sound card via the Windows interface. It does not communicate directly with the
sound card. Therefore sound card problems should be troubleshot at the operating system level.
The user interface is arranged like a conventional oscilloscope. However, in the program window, additional
XY display, frequency analysis, and settings are provided.
3.1
Oscilloscope
The software shows the left and right channel of the sound card in the oscilloscope window. The left channel
is represented as a green line and the right channel as a red line. In the user interface window there are
knobs and input windows for the following three functions: Amplitude, Time, and Trigger.
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3.1.2 Timebase
The Time setting refers to the entire represented range and NOT to the value per unit as with a normal
oscilloscope! The range goes from 1ms to 10,000ms. The larger the range, the smaller is the used scanning
rate. This is unavoidable because of the extent of computer cpu use. In the trigger setting "single" the
scanning rate is increased again, since computer utilization is less important here.
3.1.3 Trigger
The trigger setting modes are "off", "auto", "normal" and "single". These correspond to the standard modes
of oscilloscopes. The trigger threshold can be adjusted either in the input window of the trigger selection, or
by shifting the yellow cross in the oscilloscope window using the mouse. The trigger time can only be
adjusted by shifting the cross with the mouse.
In the single SHOT mode of the trigger the RUN/stop switch is deactivated automatically and must be
pressed again for a new data-taking run.
The button Auto set triggers the program to estimate the optimal time base and trigger level. The main
frequency found in the trigger channel is used to obtain the time base. The threshold is taken from the signal
amplitude. If the amplitude is too small, the button has no effect. Below approx. 20Hz the result is not reliable
due to the limited time window used for the analysis.
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Please note: The measured values are only written to the log file, when the values are actually visible to the
user. Switching to the XY-mode or frequency analysis will pause the logging of the data!
3.1.7 Measure Signal Properties
The amplitude or Time/frequency can be measured with the help of cursors in the oscilloscope window. The
corresponding cursors can be activated through the selector box underneath the window. The cursors can
be shifted with the mouse.
In the amplitude mode the values for the two cursors as well as the amplitude difference is displayed.
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Figure 5: Amplitude analysis with the cursors. The shown values correspond to channel 1.
For the time mode the time difference and the appropriate frequency are shown directly. The data can also
be examined in more detail by using the zoom (only when the data acquisition is stopped). The detail around
the position of the orange cursor line is increased. By shifting the cursor the range can be changed. When
the cursor is getting close to the edge of the window, the window is shifted automatically in the
corresponding direction. The speed of the shift depends on the distance to the edge.
Amplitude and voltage cursors can be enabled simultaneously.
Figure 6: Zoom of the wave around the orange cursor with time and amplitude values displayed
The time position of the orange cursor and the corresponding amplitude values (green and red) are
displayed in the screen as well.
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3.2
The colors of the graphs and grid (oscilloscope and xy-graph) can be set by clicking on the colored legends.
The color menu (see Figure 7: Changing the color of the graphs and gridFigure 7) allows to change the color
immediately.
3.3
X-Y Graph
Here the two channels are displayed against each other. Thereby e.g. Lissajous figures can be produced.
For this the frequencies can be adjusted in the signal generator.
3.4
Frequency Analysis
In the "frequency analysis" window, the display shows the result of the Fourier analysis of the selected
channel. The channel can be chosen with the selection button above the grid. By default, the graph shows
the amplitude of 0 - 10,000 Hz. The amplitude as well as the frequency can be displayed with a logarithmic
scale or dB.
The vertical scale can automatically be adjusted by selecting the auto-scale check-box above the graph. A
manual adjustment is possible by double-clicking the maximal or minimal value of the axis and entering a
new value. This should be done only if auto-scale is disabled.
Below the graph is a roll bar and a zoom sliding control; they permit the indicated range to be changed.
These should be only used if data taking has been stopped with the run/stop button. The zoom shot slider
shows details of the frequency analysis: use the mouse to set the perpendicular yellow line to the frequency
of interest and drive the zoom shot slider up to the desired detail.
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Figure 10: Transfer function utilizing the peak hold function with the white noise generator
Under the frequency analysis an adjustable frequency-selective filter (Besselfilter 10th order) is also
provided. Three kinds of filter can be selected: Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filter. The critical
frequencies can be adjusted with the sliding controls accordingly.
Above the frequency-selective filter is a button to open filter control in a separate window. This function
allows one to observe the effect of the filter directly in the oscilloscope window. Double-clicking on the button
or closing the window re-establishes the original settings.
3.5
Transfer Function
In addition to the frequency analysis of an individual channel it is possible to measure the transfer function.
This measurement uses the ratio of Channel 1 and Channel 2 to determine the frequency dependency of the
transfer characteristic. In order to obtain the transfer function one should select a noise signal or are square
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wave in the signal generator in order to cover the full frequency spectrum in a single measurement.
Alternatively a frequency sweep can be utilized. Channel 1 should contain the original signal and the
Channel 2 the filtered one.
3.6
Waterfallgraph
A waterfall graph displays the frequency analysis as function of time. For this the Fourier analysis is done by
default every 120msec. The amplitude of each frequency is displayed as a color code (black: lowest
amplitude, red: highest amplitude). Figure 11 shows the waterfall graph of channel 1. The period of
subsequent frequency analyses can be adjusted with the parameter FourierPeriod in settings.ini. Be aware,
that a small value leads to substantial increase of the load on the computer. The sensitivity of the display can
be increased with the slider above the screen.
3.7
The graphics visible on the display (oscilloscope screen, frequency analysis, xy-graph) can be stored, when
the data acquisition has been stopped by the RUN/STOP button. A save button is displayed within the
graphs area. After pressing the button a file selector box is displayed to select a file name and the preferred
graphics format (BMP, JPG or PNG). Automatically the graph is saved in color and in black-white. In addition
a text file (extension CSV) containing the actual data is stored with the same name. This contains the data
as a Comma-separated-value list, which can be imported into Excel. Be aware, that the output to the CSV
file is localized and the decimal separator (comma or dot) is selected depending on your local settings.
Importing these data into Excel might lead to wrong results, if a different decimal separator is used.
3.8
Signal Generator
A 2-channel signal generator is integrated into the program. The generator can be released from the
program window by pushing the button above the panel. A second click on the button will embed the
generator again.
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Enter has to be pressed to activate the evalution of the formula. If a syntax error is present, the whole
formula will be marked red and has to be corrected.
Available functions: sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh, log2, log (log10),
ln, exp, sqrt, sign, abs, min, max, mod
Operators: +, -, *, /, ^
Defined constant: pi
Noise
rand()
white()
pink()
brown()
For the white, pink and Brownian noise, the amplitudes follow a Gaussian distribution with a RMS of
approximately 0.25. Hence the amplitudes cover 4.
Special Signals
square(t,f,d)
square wave with frequency f and duty cycle d (in %), with amplitude 1
triangle(t,f)
triangular wave with frequency f and amplitude 1
sawtooth(t,f)
sawtooth wave with frequency f and amplitude 1
pulse(t,b,T)
series of pulses with width b, distance T between the pulses and amplitude 1
Examples
1. Sine wave: a*sin(w*t) oder a*sin(wt) oder a*sin(2*pi*f*t)
2. Sine wave with noise: a*sin(wt)+white()*a/2
3. Repeating damped sine wave: a*sin(wt)*exp(-f*mod(t,10/f)). The damping is achieved by an
exponential function, which is reset every 10 periods.
4. Lissajou-Figure: channel 1: a*sin(3*wt)*sin(4*wt) and channel 2: a*sin(4*wt)
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3.9
Settings
In this window, there are some settings for the Windows audio devices. On the right side are the audio
devices for sound input and output. If several sound systems are present, the equipment used can be
selected here. Checking the auto enable option will unmute the selected device automatically as well as
setting the volume to the given value in percent.
Figure 15: The settings tab contains the windows sound settings and general settings of the program
On the left side are buttons to start the Windows audio controls. Note that Windows XP/2K will open a small
mixer window for each push of the button. In case of newer Windows Versions, only a single windows can be
open at a given time.
Some attributes of the scope can be controlled by changing three values under Scope Parameters. The
update period will change the time between consecutive on-screen values (frequency and/or amplitude
values). At the same time the averaging time to calculate the on-screen value is changed as well. The latter
happens for the calculation of the strongest frequency on the frequency analysis screen, when changing the
second value. Calibrating the actual amplitude of the scope can be achieved by means of a sine signal with
a known amplitude (measured in volts) and dividing this value by the measured amplitude.
The language of the program can be with the corresponding button. The change of the language will be
applied at the next startup of the program
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Figure 18: Windows 7 a microphone is active (green check mark). Inactive devices are not visible, but can
be included in the list by checking the corresponding context menu entry (right mouse button)
3.10.2 Signal Output via Sound Card
In order to define which sound is sent to the sound card output, the appropriate equipment must be selected
in the Windows Audio Mixer. Frequently several sources are merged at the same time here.
Figure 20: Windows 7 a speaker is active (green check mark). Inactive devices are by default not visible,
but can be included in the list by checking the corresponding context menu entry (right mouse button).
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4.1
Commercial Usage
A commercial usage of the program is only allowed, if a corresponding license has been obtained. Such a
license is available from http://www.shareit.com/product.html?productid=300341159 . More informations are
available on the products web-page http://www.zeitnitz.de/Christian/scope_de .
4.2
Figure 24: Either paste the license code into the first fiels, or select the file with the code
After the license process is complete the program will start regularly
After the program has been licensed, the screen with the copyright message will no longer appear when
starting the program
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The license can only be removed by deleting the file license.txt from the settings directory
C:\Users\<username>\Appdata\Roaming\scope (%appdata%\scope).
5 Conclusion
I hope you will have a lot of fun with this program. If something goes wrong and you discovered a bug,
please send mail to [email protected].
If you use the program for a project at and university or school I would like to know about it.
This program can be used and passed on for use within the school and private sector freely.
For planned commercial use please contact [email protected].
6 Trouble Shooting
Certainly this program might still have some errors, however some standard problems are caused by the
sound card and/or Windows.
No soundcard is found
Check in the hardware manager, that Windows actually has a soundcard correctly installed. Some
soundcards recognize if speakers or a microphone is installed. This is the default behaviour under Windows
Vista/Win7. In this case you have to check, that at least one input/output device is enabled in the sound
settings (green check mark). If no output device is enabled, the program will complain about it and terminate
immediately.
No sound audible
In order that a signal on the speaker is audible, the appropriate equipment must not be deactivated. In this
case check the audio mixer and enable the appropriate device. When using the signal generator, "Wave"
must be selected.
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