Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.

,Ltd

DOPPLER-VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL
RADIO RANGE
DVOR-RYS

SHORT DESCRIPTION
AND

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

Address: No. 2106, Tower A, New Ocean Express, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (P.C.: 100027)
Tel: +86-10- 64704300
Fax: +86-10-64704727
E-mail: [email protected]

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

1. DVOR-RYS General Information

1.1 General
The VOR (Very high frequency Omnidirectional Radio range) is a radio navigation aid
recommended by the ICAO and introduced internationally for short and medium range
aircraft guidance. It can be remote controlled and remote monitored.
The DVOR radio navigation equipment is a further development of the conventional VOR.
Through its utilization of the Doppler Effect and a widebased antenna system it is able to
produce a considerably more precise azimuth signal. DVOR radio navigation installations are
used mainly where the geographical conditions are difficult.

The principle on which the (D) VOR operates is based on the measurement of the phase angle
of two 30 Hz signals radiated by the station. One signal (reference signal) is radiated with the
same phase in all directions. For the second 30Hz signal (variable signal), the phase
relationship relative to the first signal changes as a function of the azimuth. The electric phase
angle measured in the airborne receiver corresponds to the azimuth angle.
Main features of DVOR-RYS in particular are as follows:

----Available as main or standby equipment with power up to 50W or 100W;

----advanced technology based on the established and proved Navaids System, in
conformance with ICAO standards;
----Antenna configuration: 48 sideband antennas with DSB radiation, having a minimum of
distortion on the 9960 Hz subcarrier, High signal quality and long time stability of transmitted
signals, real time monitoring;
----30Hz ref phase are generated and controlled by micro-professor to act amplitude
modulation . The phase number is adjustable.
----Carrier and sideband signal are generated by frequency synthesizer. The carrier frequency
are changeable via keyboard, the phase number of the sideband signal are adjustable.
----Modular design, signal digitalization and unit modular design, features with high integrity
and high reliability.
----Utilize LCD and keyboard, friendly interface and convenient to operate.
----Local computer can realize function of parameter setting, system calibration and status
-1-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

indication through LOCAL port.

----Remote computer can realize function of parameter setting, system calibration and status
indication through REMOTE port.
----Parameter can be set and modified by means of password.
The DVOR system can be combined with a DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) to form a
DVOR/ DME station. Then an aircraft can determine its position by referring to the location
of a single DVOR/DME station.
The DVOR equipment can be supplied already installed in a container shelter. The
DVOR-antenna system is mounted on a counterpoise optionally available in different heights
as made necessary depending by local conditions.
1.2 DVOR/VOR PRINCIPLE
Todays airway network is marked by a number of VOR and DVOR ground beacons operating
in the 108...118 MHz frequency range and having a transmission range of up to 300 km
(optical propagation characteristics of VHF). VOR/DVOR produces an azimuth information
which enables the pilot of an aircraft to fly from one (D)VOR station to another on a
preselected course. Deviations from this course are indicated by an instrument giving the
information "fly to the right" or "fly to the left" and also a "to/from" indication showing
whether the aircraft is flying toward the beacon or away from it. The basic arrangement of a
DVOR installation is shown in Fig. 11.

1.2.1 VOR Method

The RF signal radiated by a VOR is modulated by two 30 Hz sinewaves. Both 30 Hz signals
have a certain phase relationship, which is dependent on the direction from which the signal is
received. The phase relationship is identical to the geographical angle between North and the
-2-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

direction of the aircraft relative to the ground beacon (azimuth). One of the two 30 Hz
oscillations is irrespective of the azimuth (reference signal), whilst the phase relationship of
the second 30 Hz oscillation to the reference signal varies with the azimuth (variable signal).
The reference signal and the variable signal are modulated in different ways.
The direction-independent (reference) signal frequency modulates a subcarrier of f0 9960 Hz
with a frequency shift of 480 Hz. The subcarrier is then radiated as amplitude modulation of
the carrier f0 with 30% modulation depth by a horizontally polarised antenna with
omni-directional characteristics.
In addition, the carrier f0 is modulated with an identity code (1020 Hz) as well as with
voice(300~3000 Hz).
The direction-dependent (variable) signal is radiated by 2 crossed dipoles. The crossed
dipoles receive sideband signals from the two sideband transmitters with a 90 phase
difference in the envelope. The carrier of the sideband signals is suppressed. This results in a
signal-in-space with a "figure-eight pattern" rotating 30 times per second.
Since the carrier f0 is radiated by an antenna with omnidirectional characteristics, the
superposition of the carrier and the 30Hz sidebands in the field - if the phase is correctly
set-produces a pure amplitude modulation, with the phase of the resulting 30Hz signal being
dependent on the azimuth, related to the 30Hz reference signal.
1.2.2 DVOR Method
In the DVOR the functions of the two 30Hz oscillations have been interchanged as compared
with the conventional VOR. This means that the 30Hz oscillation which amplitude-modulates
the VHF carrier now acts as the reference signal, whilst the directional, frequency-modulated
30Hz oscillation (variable signal) is contained in the 9960Hz subcarrier. The carrier
oscillation is transmitted omnidirectionally by a stationary center antenna. It is
amplitude-modulated with the voice (300~3000Hz) and the identity code in addition to the
30Hz reference signal. The 9960Hz subcarrier signal is transmitted by a sideband radiator,
which can be considered to be rotating along a circular path. The radiated sideband frequency
is offset by +9960Hz or 9960Hz with respect to the carrier frequency. If the sideband
radiator rotates with a frequency of 30Hz, the Doppler Effect will cause the subcarrier to be
frequency-modulated as a function of the azimuth.
A circle with radius "R" of 7.5~6.5m is required in the frequency range from 108 to 118MHz,

-3-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

in order to obtain the frequency deviation of 480Hz stipulated by the ICAO. The equation
for determining R is derived from the formula for the Doppler Effect.
The different methods used to generate the two 30Hz signals in the VOR and DVOR is of
equipment-internal significance only. The VOR receiver installed in the aircraft has no means
of determining externally whether the received signal originates from a VOR or DVOR
ground station. However the DVOR permits a considerably more precise azimuth
specification thanks to the wide-base antenna system which can be realized only by utilization
of the Doppler Effect. The two 30Hz signals have a particular phase relationship with respect
to one another and with respect to magnetic north in accordance with the azimuth. With an
azimuth angle of 0 (North) the phase angle between the two signals is 0. With an azimuth
angle of 180 (South) the phase angle is 180, with an azimuth angle of 90 (East) it is 90
and with an azimuth angle of 270 (West) it is 270. The radio reference lines, along which
the azimuth angle remains constant, are radial with respect to the DVOR installation. Fig.1-2
shows the phase relationship which is obtained between the reference signal and the direction
dependent signal in various directions.

Fig. 1-2 Azimuth as a function of the phase angle

1.2.3 Doppler Effect and Direction-Dependent FM
Fig. 13 shows generation of direction-dependent frequency modulation with the aid of the
Doppler Effect. If omnidirectional antenna A is orbiting mechanically in an anticlockwise
direction, the frequency measured by the two observers B1 and B2 will be increased or
reduced due to the Doppler Effect
-4-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

(providing the diameter "D" is negligible as compared with the distance of the observers from
the system), depending on whether the antenna is moving towards the observers or away from
them. The frequency changef is a function of the orbiting speed or the orbiting frequency fn,
the diameter D of the orbit and the mean radiated wavelength 0. The relationship is
expressed as follows:
If antenna A begins its orbit at point 1 and continues via 2 and 3 to 4, the frequencies received
by the two observers B1 and B2 will change as a function of time. If a reference signal with
the same frequency is transmitted at the same time by an omnidirectional, central antenna M,
the phase angle between the reference signal (of antenna M) and the changing frequency (of
antenna A) will be in proportion to the azimuth (observers position), i.e. the phase
relationship of signal M and A with respect to one another is a function of the azimuth. The
reference point is magnetic north (point 1), where both signals are in-phase.

Fig. 13 Generation of the direction-dependent FM

It can be seen from the frequency spectrum (Fig.1-4) that the azimuth-dependent frequency
modulation of the DVOR is located on the subcarrier f1= 9960Hz. The two sidebands (f0+f1)
and (f0 f1) are generated separately in the DVOR transmitter for this purpose, and radiated
via "rotating" outer antennas. The powers and phase relationships of the sidebands with
respect to the carrier are set such that when added in the far field an amplitude-modulated

-5-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

composite signal re-emerges.

If the outer antennas for the two sidebands are then allowed to orbit in an anticlockwise
direction, but with their phases reversed, the requirement for frequency modulation of the
sidebands in the double sideband mode is fulfilled automatically, namely that an increase in
the frequency in the upper sideband must be coupled with a lowering of the frequency in the
lower sideband and vice versa. The depth of modulation of the individual frequencies can be
adjusted within certain limits. The values which apply for the normal cases are:
30 Hz navigation signal

30 %

9960 Hz auxiliary carrier

30 %

Voice

30 %

Identity code

10 %

Fig. 14 Frequency spectrum of the DVOR (VOR) omnidirectional radio beacon

Fig. 15 (D) VOR signal amplitude modulated with 30 Hz and 9960 Hz

1.2.4 Electronic Simulation of the Antenna Movement
The subcarrier frequency deviation of 480 Hz and the carrier frequency range of 108~118
MHz are the same as with the conventional VOR. Taking a mean carrier frequency of 113
MHz (= 2.65m) the equation below reveals that the orbit must have a diameter of 13.5m:

-6-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

The orbital movement of the sideband signals at an orbiting frequency of 30Hz is best
implemented by electronic means. 50 fixed, equidistant single antennas are installed on the
orbit for this purpose. They are fed in sequence via an antenna switching unit such that the
focal point of radiation orbits at the desired velocity.
If the double sideband method is used (f0+f1 and f0f1), the two sidebands whose focal points
of radiation are orbiting in the same direction are transmitted by antennas opposite one
another on the orbital path. To achieve this effect the antenna switching unit activates
sideband antenna 1 with the upper sideband (f0+9960Hz) and sideband antenna 26 with the
lower sideband (f09960Hz) simultaneously (Fig.16a). When antennas 1 and 26 reach their
radiation peak, the adjacent antennas 2 and 27 are activated. As soon as these reach their
radiation peak, the upper sideband of antenna 1 is switched to 3 and simultaneously the lower
sideband of antenna 26 is switched to 28 (Fig.16b). This method of activation of the
sideband antennas and the modulation of the sideband signals result in a continuous, almost
smooth orbiting of the focal points of radiation of the upper and lower sidebands.

Fig. 16 Switching of the sideband antennas in the DVOR

1.2.5 Monitoring

-7-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

According to ICAO, Annex 10 all navigation systems must be permanently monitored for
correct radiation by an independently operating monitoring system.
In the case of the DVOR this signal monitoring is performed by one or two monitors,
whereby signal components are obtained via equipment-internal coupling circuits and one (or
two) monitor dipoles, and supplied to the monitor.
In case of dual monitoring these are split by the monitor divider switch and transferred to the
two monitors, whereby the monitor 1 signal processing is driven by monitor signal processor
1 and the monitor 2 by monitor signal processor 2 in order to select the various signals in
accordance with a specified control sequence. The actual values of the signals are compared
with nominal values by the processor. Any deviation from the nominal values exceeding
specified tolerance thresholds always leads to an alarm and to an automatic switchover to the
standby transmitter or shut down of the system.

-8-

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

2. Configuration
Table-Configuration of the Equipment
Item
1

Title

Num

DVOR-RYS Transmitter 50W/100W

Note

1
Including 48 Sideband

Alford Loop Antenna System

Antenna and 1 Carrier

Antenna

Counterpoise

Monitor Antenna

DC Power Supply

RMMS-RYS

-9-

Less than 4h
Optional

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

Transmitter

- 10 -

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

Alford Loop Antenna

- 11 -

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

Monitoring Antenna

- 12 -

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

3 DVOR-RYS Technical Specification

3.1 System Data
Azimuth accuracy

Better than 2measured over flat ground at

0~40elevation and 4 wave distance

Azimuth stability

Better than 0.5 measured at the monitor

Coverage

Slant distance range in accordance with Attachment

C to Part I, Vol. I, ICAO Annex 10, depending on
the transmitter power and the height of the antenna
counterpoise above the ground

3.2 Equipment Data

3.2.1 Carrier Transmitter (CSB)
Radio frequency range

108~117.95 MHz

Channel pattern

50 kHz, defined by synthesizer

Carrier frequency tolerance

0.002%

Output impedance

50

RF output power

50W or 100W

Frequency control

crystal or synthesized

RF output stability

0.5dB

3.2.2 Carrier Modulation

Reference signal
Modulation frequency

30Hz 0.01%

Depth of amplitude modulation

30% 1%,

Course setting range

0~359.9, programmable

Identity
Tone frequency

1020 Hz 0.01 %

Keying (Morse code)

Sequence of max.4 letters, programmable

Repetition time

7.5s

Voice
Range
Stabilization and linearisation of carrier

300~3000 Hz, flat within 3 dB

with feedback loops for envelope and RF phase
Modulation

Phase stability of sideband

<5

Distortions

3% for the sum of all harmonic components

3.2.3 Sideband Transmitters

- 13 -

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

Sideband offset of carrier

Upper sideband

+9960Hz 10Hz

Lower sideband

9960Hz 10Hz

Output impedance

50

Output power

0~15 W depending on the carrier power

RF phase setting range SB1

0~359

Phase stability of sideband

<5

Output power stability

0.5dB

carrier suppression

60dB

upper and lower sideband suppression50dB

Level of 9960Hz sideband
Subcarrier

Level

9960HZ

0dB reference

2nd harmonic

-30dB

3rd harmonic

-50dB

4th harmonic and above

-60dB

3.2.4 Monitoring
Azimuth measurement range

0~359.9

Azimuth measurement accuracy

0.1

Available monitor channels

Maximum 2 RF-channels

Alarm conditions

In accordance with recommend of ICAO Annex10

Monitoring system should have the alarm indication and get rid of carrier signal and naviaids
information or ultimately shutdown the transmitter, when the following conditions occur:
aan increase of 1 in azimuth accuracy
ba reduction of 15% in 30Hz ref phase signal
ca reduction of 15% in sub carrier 9960Hz signal level
da reduction of 20% in RF output power
ea loss or link of Identification code
fa failure of antenna gap itself
ga failure of monitoring system itself
3.2.7 Power Supply
AC Power Supply
220V15%

50Hz10%
- 14 -

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

DC Power Supply 48V

less than 4h

3.2.8 Environmental Conditions

Operation indoor

-10 to +50 C

Operation outdoor equipment

-40 to +70 C

Store temperature

-40 to +70

Wind loading
Wind power120km/h

Gust150km/h

Relative humidity

0~95% (indoor)
100% (outdoor)

3.2.9 Dimensions
Height

1790 mm

Width

580 mm

Depth

610 mm

3.3.1 General Characteristics

Dimensions of the individual antenna
Lengthwidth

551mm551mm

Height

1.2 m

Temperature range

40~+70C

Relative humidity

0~100%

Weather protection

Glass-fiber

Wind load

Up to 160km/h

Hailstones

Up to 1cm diameter without damage to radome

Ice load

Up to 1.5cm

Collocation of DME antenna

Mast, secured to the edge of the counterpoise

Collocation with TACAN antenna

Secured to a non-metallic base above the carrier

antenna (center of antenna circle)

Antenna counterpoise
Diameter of counterpoise

15.25 m2

Height above ground

3~10mdependence on topographic condition

Diameter of sideband antenna circle

13.5 m,

Materials
Supports

Galvanized iron construction

- 15 -

Beijing Redyas Science & Technology Development Co.,Ltd

Decking

Steel wire mesh

3.3.2 Electrical Data

Antenna elements
Type: Alford loop antenna
Frequency range

108~118 MHz

Impedance

50

Polarization

omnidirectional horizontal

Suppression of vertical polarization

>40dB

Decoupling

>20dB

Deviate from horizontal level omnidirectional pattern:

<0.5 dB in magnitude
<5 in phase
1.3.6.3 Monitor Dipole
Type:

Yagi antenna

Location

80~85m from the carrier antenna;

Number

Freq. range

108MHz~11.975MHz

Input impedance

50

VSWR

<1.5

Address: No. 2106, Tower A, New Ocean Express, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (P.C.: 100027)
Tel: +86-10- 64704300
Fax: +86-10-64704727
E-mail: [email protected]

- 16 -