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    Dislocations

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    raghcharash
    Dislocations are line defects in crystals that arise during crystal growth or mechanical deformation. They are important because they explain why real crystals are weaker than theoretically predicted and allow plastic deformation. Dislocations can be edge, screw, or mixed configurations depending on the orientation of the Burgers vector relative to the dislocation line. The motion of dislocations is the mechanism underlying plastic deformation in crystals.

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    Dislocations

    Uploaded by

    raghcharash
    64 views11 pages
    Dislocations are line defects in crystals that arise during crystal growth or mechanical deformation. They are important because they explain why real crystals are weaker than theoretically predicted and allow plastic deformation. Dislocations can be edge, screw, or mixed configurations depending on the orientation of the Burgers vector relative to the dislocation line. The motion of dislocations is the mechanism underlying plastic deformation in crystals.

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    A060 Crystal Planes of Wurtzite GaN

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    Dislocations - Ppt

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    Dislocations are line defects in crystals that arise during crystal growth or mechanical deformation. They are important because they explain why real crystals are weaker than theoretically predicted and allow plastic deformation. Dislocations can be edge, screw, or mixed configurations depending on the orientation of the Burgers vector relative to the dislocation line. The motion of dislocations is the mechanism underlying plastic deformation in crystals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views11 pages

    Dislocations

    Uploaded by

    raghcharash
    Dislocations are line defects in crystals that arise during crystal growth or mechanical deformation. They are important because they explain why real crystals are weaker than theoretically predicted and allow plastic deformation. Dislocations can be edge, screw, or mixed configurations depending on the orientation of the Burgers vector relative to the dislocation line. The motion of dislocations is the mechanism underlying plastic deformation in crystals.

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    of 11

    Line Defects: Dislocations

    What are dislocations ? They are line defects which arise during
    crystal growth or as a result of mechanical deformation of a
    crystal. (106 to 107 in best crystals (Si, Ge) and upto 1016 per cm2)
    Why dislocations are important :
    Explain why the strength of real crystalline materials is
    much less (102 to 103 times) than the theoretical value.
    Motion of dislocations is the mechanism at the origin of plastic
    deformation of crystals (ductile vs. brittle behavior).
    Allows some cohesion between crystals of different
    orientations (low angle grain boundaries are arrays of
    dislocations).
    Explains a number of crystal-crystal transitions.

    Example of an Edge Dislocation

    The dislocation line runs


    parallel to the end of the
    extra plane of atoms

    An edge dislocation can be viewed as created when an extra portion


    of a plane of atoms is introduced in a crystal, the edge of the plane
    being in the crystal interior.

    Screw Dislocation (side view)

    Can be viewed as formed by shearing the top part of the crystal


    with respect to the bottom part.

    Screw Dislocation (top view)

    The dislocation line extends from A to B. Atom positions above


    the slip plane are designated by open circles, below the slip
    plane with small filled circles. Name is derived from spiral path
    along the dislocation line (AB).

    Mixed Dislocation

    Most dislocations are neither pure edge nor pure screw,


    but are mixed

    Mixed Dislocation

    Note that in A the dislocation is pure screw and in in B is pure edge

    Determination of the Burgers Vector

    S b F
    Perfect Crystal

    Crystal with Distortion

    Choose a line direction (positive direction into the page) for


    the dislocation direction. Perform a circuit in the perfect
    reference lattice in a right handed fashion. Repeat the circuit
    in the real lattice so as to enclose the dislocation. The Burgers
    vector is the vector from the finishing point F to the starting
    point S using the FS/RH convention.

    Further Information...
    For an edge dislocation the Burgers vector is orthogonal to the
    dislocation line. For a screw dislocation, the Burgers vector is
    parallel to the dislocation line.
    The elastic strain energy associated with the dislocation is
    proportional to the square of the Burgers vector.
    For metallic materials, the Burgers vector for a dislocation will
    point in a closed-packed crystallographic direction and will be of
    magnitude equal to the interatomic spacing.

    Stacking and Packing


    In FCC structures the nearest
    neighbors are along the <110> .
    To visualize this, consider the
    atoms as hard spheres, which
    touch only in the face diagonal
    directions. There are 12 closest
    neighbors for each atom.
    Consider now the (111) plane
    in the FCC structure. This
    plane has the highest atomic
    density (it is called a closepacked plane. There are four
    such planes in the FCC
    structure.

    Stacking of (111) planes of FCC and (0001) planes (HCP)

    A
    C

    ABC Stacking for FCC and ABA Stacking for HCP

    For BCC, the most densely packed planes are the {110} planes.
    Note that these planes are not closed-packed (lower density than
    that of (111) in FCC).
    BCC

    Coordination Number
    8 instead of 12

    Plastic deformation of metals occurs by sliding of adjacent closedpacked or densely-packed planes (slip planes). In FCC, the slip
    planes are (111) and the slip directions are <110>. In HCP, the slip
    planes are (0001) and the slip direction is <1120>. In BCC the slip
    planes are (110), (112) and (123), the slip direction is only the body
    diagonal <111>. (Slip plane = glide plane = plane containing b and
    dislocation line). Deformation of a crystal occurs through motion of
    dislocations

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