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    Measurement of Geometric Features Using CMM and TMM

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    MahadevanRavichandran
    The document compares using a Tool Makers' Microscope (TMM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) to measure the geometric features of a screw. Key features measured include major diameter, minor diameter, helix angle, thread angle, and pitch. The TMM uses lenses, light, and calibrated scales for manual measurements while the CMM uses non-contact methods like high resolution cameras and computer software for semi-automatic measurements. Results show the CMM provides more precise values with lower errors than the TMM due to reduced human error and higher resolution in the CMM. However, the TMM remains a simple, conventional option for basic measurements.

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    Measurement of Geometric Features Using CMM and TMM

    Uploaded by

    MahadevanRavichandran
    387 views4 pages
    The document compares using a Tool Makers' Microscope (TMM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) to measure the geometric features of a screw. Key features measured include major diameter, minor diameter, helix angle, thread angle, and pitch. The TMM uses lenses, light, and calibrated scales for manual measurements while the CMM uses non-contact methods like high resolution cameras and computer software for semi-automatic measurements. Results show the CMM provides more precise values with lower errors than the TMM due to reduced human error and higher resolution in the CMM. However, the TMM remains a simple, conventional option for basic measurements.

    Original Description:

    Mechanical Engg. Experiments

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    The document compares using a Tool Makers' Microscope (TMM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) to measure the geometric features of a screw. Key features measured include major diameter, minor diameter, helix angle, thread angle, and pitch. The TMM uses lenses, light, and calibrated scales for manual measurements while the CMM uses non-contact methods like high resolution cameras and computer software for semi-automatic measurements. Results show the CMM provides more precise values with lower errors than the TMM due to reduced human error and higher resolution in the CMM. However, the TMM remains a simple, conventional option for basic measurements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    387 views4 pages

    Measurement of Geometric Features Using CMM and TMM

    Uploaded by

    MahadevanRavichandran
    The document compares using a Tool Makers' Microscope (TMM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) to measure the geometric features of a screw. Key features measured include major diameter, minor diameter, helix angle, thread angle, and pitch. The TMM uses lenses, light, and calibrated scales for manual measurements while the CMM uses non-contact methods like high resolution cameras and computer software for semi-automatic measurements. Results show the CMM provides more precise values with lower errors than the TMM due to reduced human error and higher resolution in the CMM. However, the TMM remains a simple, conventional option for basic measurements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The passage describes measuring geometric features of a screw using Tool Makers' Microscope (TMM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM).

    TMM is a conventional instrument that uses lenses and light to measure dimensions. CMM is a modern machine that uses cameras and software to take semi-automatic measurements.

    The features measured on the screw were major diameter, minor diameter, helix angle, and thread angle.

    Measurement of geometric features using CMM and TMM

    Objective :
    To measure the key dimensional features of a screw using TMM and CMM. The features are:

    Major diameter
    Minor diameter
    Helix angle
    Thread angle
    Pitch

    Apparatus :
    I)

    TMM : Tool Makers Microscope:


    It is a conventional instrument which is used to measure the dimensions using lenses and
    focused light by placing them in the tool table and making planned movements of the eyepiece
    which can be measured by the calibrated scales namely main scale (horizontal), circular scale
    and Vernier scale.

    II)

    CMM : Coordinate Measuring Machine:


    Machine:
    It is a modern machine which helps measure the dimensions using semi-automatic methods
    with the use a CMM machine and controlling software. The object is placed in the machine and
    is lit up powerful lights and is captured by high resolution cameras and is fed to the controlling
    computer. The two methods of measurement are:
    Contact method
    Non-contact method
    In this experiment we are doing it with Non-contact method.

    Procedure:
    In order to measure the diameters the coordinate points of the consecutive crests an troughs in a screw
    are noted down. The coordinates are with reference to a point in the specimen in TMM while CMM
    system software a pre-programmed coordinate system which can be used. After getting the coordinates
    the equations of the line corresponding to the top and bottom edges of the cross section are obtained by
    least square fitting method.
    The method reduces the sum of the errors from the assumed and the actual coordinates and determines
    the values of slope and intercept. Y = A + Bx be the line to be found.

    Using the above formula the lines are obtained.

    The above formula is used to calculate the distance between the lines obtained to get major and minor
    diameters.
    In order to find angles in TMM, a circular vernier scale is provided which can be made o coincide with the
    helix and thread profiles and differences give the values.
    It TMM, the lines corresponding to thread profiles and helix are obtained and the angle between them is
    measured using the following equation:

    Tabulations :
    TMM :

    CMM :

    Results:

    Pitch (mm)
    Major diameter (mm)
    Minor diameter (mm)
    Helix angle (deg)
    Thread angle (deg)

    TMM
    1.4925
    8.481
    7.775
    3.347
    59.2

    CMM
    0.65
    4.7
    3.7
    6.072
    69.984

    Observations:

    The TMM being a simple and conventional machine allows for higher errors when compared to the
    sophisticated CMM.
    The location of the cross mark in TMM is highly dependent on the operators skills.
    The CMM is based on the pressure in the probe which is preprogrammed for contact method and
    the accuracy and the chance of error is much lesser in the non-contact method with high
    resolution image, mouse and sophisticated tools for making lines and measuring angles.
    The slope of the lines in CMM are almost zero or exactly zero in CMM measurements, proving
    that the precision and repeatability are very high compared to TMM.
    CMM provides more accuracy and lesser error too but reproducibility is not being tested here.

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