Workbook Workbook Workbook Workbook Workbook: Try Yourself Questions

2017
WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of
Try Yourself Questions

Electrical Engineering
Electrical Machines
DC Machines
T1 : Solution
Ea = Ka 1 N 1
400 0.25 25 = Ka 1 1200
400 (2.75 + 0.25) 15 = Ka 2 N 2
...(1)
...(2)
Dividing equation (2) by (1),

N2
N2
355
2 =
0.7
=
1200
1200
393.75
1
N 2 = 1545.6 rpm
or,
T2 : Solution
There is a change of flux/pole due to armature reaction
Eb1 1 N1 , If =
230
= 1.15 A
200
(V IR) 1N1
Dividing (i) by (ii),
[230 (10 1.15) (0.1)] 1400 1
...(i)
[230 (200 1.15) (0.1)] N2 1
...(ii)
N2
210.1
0.96
=
1400
229.1
N2 = 1337 rpm
Td = Eb Ia
Torque developed (Td) =
www.madeeasypublications.org
210.1 (200 1.15)

= 298.4 N-m
(2 1337) / 60
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T3 : Solution
(c)
V = 240 V, Ra = 40 A
N1 = 1500 rpm, a = 40 A
1
T Ia2
a21 = a22 i.e., a1 = a2 = 40 A
During starting the induced emf is zero, hence the current is limited only by the resistance in the armature
circuit.
240
=6
40
extra resistance to be added in series with armature = 6 0.3 = 5.7
The total resistance =
T4 : Solution
Ia(Ra + Rse) voltage is assumed to be negligible.
Hence,
V = Ea = KenIa ( Ia)
...(i)
T = KT Ia2 = KLn2
...(ii)
All coils are connected in series,

240 = Ke 800 16
KT
(16)2
= KL
16 KT = 800 KL
or,
...(iii)
(800)2
...(iv)
Two parallel groups of two in series

Coil current =
Ia
2
240 = Ke n
KT Ia
or,
Ia
2
...(v)
Ia
= KLn2
2
KT Ia =
2 KL n
...(vi)
From (iii) and (v) we get,
n Ia = 32 800
...(vii)
Ia
2n
=
800
16
...(viii)
From (iv) and (vi) we get
From (vii) and (viii) we get,
n = 951 rpm
Ia = 26.9 A
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Transformers
T1 : Solution
Net iron cross section,
Peak value of flux,
Ai =
=
max =
=
400 0.9
360 cm2 or 0.036 m2
Bmax A i
1.2 0.036 = 0.0432 Wb
HV side phase voltage,
EP1 = 2200 = 1270 V

3
LV side phase voltage,
EP2 = 110 V
Turns per phase on low voltage windings,
N2 =
EP2
4.44 max f
110
= 11.47 12
4.44 0.0432 50
Turns per phase on high voltage winding,
N 1 = N2
EP1
EP2
12 1270
= 138
110
sum = 12 + 138 = 150

T2 : Solution
x = p.u.
If
load at maximum efficiency, then

0.4 x2 = 0.35
x = 0.935
The load at max = 0.935 25

= 23.375 kVA 23.4 kVA
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T3 : Solution
N1 : N2 : N3 = T1 : T2 : T3 = 10 : 2 : 1
The mmf balance equation is:
r
r
r
T1 I1 = T2 I2 + T3 I3
r
The total primary current,
I1 =
or,
I1 =
T2 r T3 r
I + I
T1 2 T1 3
T
T2
45(0.8 j 0.6) + 3 50(0.71 j 0.70)
T1
T1
= 9(0.8 j 0.6) + 5 (0.71 j 0.70)

= 10.75 j 8.9 = 1439.6 A
Now,
cos 39.6 = 0.77
i.e. The primary current is 14 A and P.F. = 0.77 (lag).
T4 : Solution
(b)
10,000
=4A
2500
Ohmic loss at full load current of 4 A = Poh
Full load current on HV side (rated) =
4
Poh = 45
3
[as ohmic loss of 45 W is due to 3A short circuit current]
At 0.8 pf and 1/4th of the full load;

Pc = 50 W
Core loss,
Ohmic loss,
2
1
42
1
Poh1 = Poh = 2 45 2 = 5 W
4
4
3
output =
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1
10000 0.8 = 2000 W
4
50 + 5
at 1/4 of full load = 1

100 = 97.32%
2000 + 50 + 5
Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines
T5 : Solution
(b)
As
E=
2 fN
where
= B A
Assuming transformer to be ideal
E1
N
N B A
= 1 1 = 1 1 1
E2
N2 2 N2B2 A2
N B1 R 2
400
=
N
800
B2 (2R )2
2
B1 = B2 = 1.2 T
T6 : Solution
The pu impedances expressed on a common base of 600 kVA are
r
Z1 = 0.012 + j 0.06 = 0.06179 pu
r
Z 2 = 2(0.014 + j 0.045) = 0.094 73 pu
r
r
Z 1 + Z 2 = 0.04 + j0.15 = 0.15575pu
The load is
r
SL = 800 (0.8 j0.6)
= 800 36.86 kVA

r
0.09473
S1 = 800 36.86 0.15575
= 485 38.86 = 377 j304.2

r
0.06179
S2 = 800 36.86
0.15575
= 315 32.86 = 264 j170.9
It may be noted that,

the transformer are not loaded in proportion to their ratings.
at a total load of 800 kVA, the 300 kVA transformer operates with 5% overload because of its pu
impedance (on common kVA base) being less than twice that of the 600 kVA transformer.
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Induction Machine
T1 : Solution
1
Te max
Test
2
=
= 2
smT
1
Te max
Te max
+
1
smT
2
smT
4smT + 1 = 0,
smT = 3.73 or 0.27
Neglecting higher value,
smT = 3.73
So,
smT = 0.27
Now,
r2
= x r2 = 0.2 0.27 = 0.054
smT
External resistance required = 0.054 0.04 = 0.014

Without external resistancem
p.f. =
0.04
0.042 + 0.22
= 0.196
With external resistance,

p.f. =
0.054
(0.0542 + 0.22 )1/ 2
= 0.261
So, percentage improvement in p.f.

=
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0.261 0.196
100 = 33.16%
0.196
T2 : Solution
3 E I cos =
I=
output
3 746
0.83
3 746
= 3.89 A
3 500 0.8 0.83
The phase current at full load ( - connected) =
I sc =
R22 + X 22 =
a E1
/ Y switch,
I=
3
R22 + X 22
a E1
R22 + X 22
3.89
= 2.25 A
3
= 3.5 2.25 = 7.86 A
E2
E = a
1
a E1
7.86
a E1
3
7.86
= 4.54 A
a E1
T3 : Solution
Given,
P = 6,
f = 50 Hz,
Nmax = 875 rpm,
Tmax = 160 Nm,
s f l = 0.04,
r2 = 0.2 /phase
Synchronous speed,
(Ns) =
smax,T =
=
120 f 120 50
= 1000 rpm
=
P
6
Ns Nmax 1000 875
=
Ns
1000
125
= 0.125
1000
Now, applying the relation,

Tf l
=
Tmax
We have:
2
Sf l
Smax,T
Smax,T
Sf l
2
T fl =
smax,T
sf l
+
s
sf l
max,T
Tmax =
160 92.89 Nm
0.04
0.125
0.125 0.04
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T4 : Solution
Given,
f = 50 Hz,
P=4
Power input (Pin) = 4000 W
Phase current =
IL
20
A
3
2
20
Total stator i2r loss = 3 Is2 rs = 3
0.4 = 160 W
3
Power across air gap,
PG = Pin stator i2r loss

= 4000 160 = 3840 W
Synchronous speed,
ns =
120 f 120 50
=
= 1500 rpm
P
4
s =
2 1500
rad/sec
60
Internal torque developed,
PG
3840 60
Te = = 2 1500 24.45 Nm
s
T5 : Solution
P = 4,
Given,
f = 50 Hz,
Nr = 1440 rpm
(Ns) =
Synchronous speed,
Slip at rated torque,
s=
120 50
= 1500 rpm
4
1500 1440
= 0.04
1500
The linear torque-slip characteristics is given by
Te =
3 V2
s
s r2
Since, s, V and r2 is constant, Te s

When slip is 0.04, Te1 0.04
and at reduced load torque,
...(i)
1
T s1
4 e1
...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),

s1
1
=
0.04
4
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s1 = 0.01
10

New motor speed,
Nnew = 1500 (1 0.01)

= 1485 rpm
8 1000 60
2 1440
= 53.05 Nm
Rated torque =
Power output at one-fourth of rated torque

=
1
Rated torque New speed
4
1
1485 2
53.05
= 2.062 kW
4
60
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Synchronous Machine
T1 : Solution
(b)
Phase voltage =
I=
6600
= 3810 V
3
1500
= 131 A
6.6 3
I as reference,
r
Drop = I z = 131(0.4 + j 6)
= 52 + j 786
The terminal voltage = 3810(0.8 + j 0.6)
= 3048 + j 2286 V
The generated voltage = 3100 + j 3072 V

= 4.36444.7 kV
with I as reference, if x kV is the load phase voltage
Terminal voltage = 0.8 x j 0.6 x kV
r
I z = 0.052 + j 0.786 kV
Generated voltage = (0.8 x + 0.052) + j (0.786 0.6 x)

From equation (i) and (ii),
(0.8 x + 0.052)2 + (0.786 0.6 x)2 = 4.3642
x 2 0.86 x 18.424 = 0
x = 4.744
line voltage = 4.744
...(i)
...(ii)
3 1000
= 8216.85 V
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12
T2 : Solution
(c)
operating region
Ia, pF
Q is absorbed
lead p.f. Q is -ve
under
excitation
lag p.f.
Q is +ve delivered
over
excitation
normal excitation
Feeds leading KVAR to the bus but absorbs the lagging kVAR.
T3 : Solution
P=
Ef Vt
V2
sin + t
2
Xd
1
1
X X sin 2
q
d
(1.1) (1.0)
(1.0)2 1
1
sin +
sin 2
0.6
2
0.3 0.6
1.1
1
sin +
sin 2
0.6
1.2
dp
= 0 for P = P max
d
0=
1.1
2
cos +
cos 2
0.6
1.2
1.1 cos + cos 2 = 0
2cos2 1 + 1.1 cos = 0
cos =
1.1 (1.1)2 + 4(2)(1)

= 0.4836
4
= 61.12
T4 : Solution
0.8 p.f. leading,
The current,
kVA =
I=
1280
= 1600 kVA
0.8
1600
= 68.4 A
3 13.5
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The phase voltage =
13
13500
= 7794 V
3
with current as reference,

Terminal voltage = 7794(0.8 j 0.6)
= 6235 j 4676
Impedance drop = 68.4(1.5 + j 30)
= 102.6 +j 2052
Generated voltage= 6338 j 2624 = 6860 22.5

The regulation =
6860 7794
100 = 12%
7794
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Single-Phase Motor & Special

Machine and Energy Conversion
Principles
T1 : Solution
[Ans: 5.22]
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2017

Try Yourself Questions

Dividing equation (2) by (1),

There is a change of flux/pole due to armature reaction

Dividing (i) by (ii),

[230 (10 1.15) (0.1)] 1400 1

[230 (200 1.15) (0.1)] N2 1

210.1 (200 1.15)

a21 = a22 i.e., a1 = a2 = 40 A

The total resistance =

All coils are connected in series,

Two parallel groups of two in series

From (iii) and (v) we get,

From (iv) and (vi) we get

From (vii) and (viii) we get,

HV side phase voltage,

EP1 = 2200 = 1270 V

LV side phase voltage,

Turns per phase on low voltage windings,

Turns per phase on high voltage winding,

sum = 12 + 138 = 150

load at maximum efficiency, then

The load at max = 0.935 25

The total primary current,

= 9(0.8 j 0.6) + 5 (0.71 j 0.70)

Full load current on HV side (rated) =

[as ohmic loss of 45 W is due to 3A short circuit current]

At 0.8 pf and 1/4th of the full load;

at 1/4 of full load = 1

Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines

= 800 36.86 kVA

= 485 38.86 = 377 j304.2

It may be noted that,

smT = 3.73 or 0.27

Neglecting higher value,

External resistance required = 0.054 0.04 = 0.014

With external resistance,

So, percentage improvement in p.f.

Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines

The phase current at full load ( - connected) =

= 3.5 2.25 = 7.86 A

Now, applying the relation,

Power across air gap,

PG = Pin stator i2r loss

Internal torque developed,

The linear torque-slip characteristics is given by

Since, s, V and r2 is constant, Te s

From equations (i) and (ii),

Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines

Nnew = 1500 (1 0.01)

Power output at one-fourth of rated torque

The generated voltage = 3100 + j 3072 V

Generated voltage = (0.8 x + 0.052) + j (0.786 0.6 x)

line voltage = 4.744

Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines

1.1 cos + cos 2 = 0

2cos2 1 + 1.1 cos = 0

1.1 (1.1)2 + 4(2)(1)

The phase voltage =