4.

7 Testing and inspection of welds

[Q4.7-2]
In the JIS Standard qualification procedure for welding technique, a bend test is made, the criterion for
which is stipulated as follows: the crack exceeding 3.0mm or remarkable defects shall not be accepted.
The remarkable defects mentioned here are not only used in the qualification test but are also taken for
granted as a criterion in the general bend test. Explain what is meant by remarkable defects.

[Q4.7-3]
Name three types of destructive test methods used in the testing of welded explaining each method in brief.

[Q4.7-4]
Compare briefly the radiographic testing method and the ultrasonic testing method in terms of their
flaw detecting properties, economy and safety.

[Q4.7-5]
Name four main types of internal defects (flaws) of the weld, giving the non-destructive test methods
most suitable for their detection.

[Q4.7-6]
Name four flaws (defects) that can be detected by radiographic test.

[Q4.7-7]
Explain through a diagram the method of detecting internal defect of a butt welded joint with
reinforcement by using an ultrasonic test.

[Q4.7-8]
Briefly explain through a diagram the suitable non-destructive test method in order to detect internal
defects in a corner joint shown in the Figure.
[Q4.7-9]
Which of the two flaws in magnetic particle inspection can be more easily detected, the long one in
the same direction of the magnetizing current (Fig. A) or the one perpendicular to the direction of the
magnetizing current (Fig. B), supposing the magnetizing conditions to be the same? Give reasons.

[Q4.7-10]
Name the items of caution, giving the reasons, regarding the influence on the parent metal when using
prod (magnetizing) method in the magnetic particle test of high strength steel weld.

[Q4.7-11]
The weld joint of high strength steel was found to have extremely fine cracks, invisible to the naked
eyes, on the surface of the HAZ. Name two types of non-destructive test for detecting the cracks,
giving the reasons in brief.

[Q4.7-12]
Describe the items of caution, from the standpoint of safety, when executing dye penetrant test.

[Q4.7-13]
Is there any sense in visual inspection of the welded joint by a welder after removing the
slag? Give the reasons in brief.

[Q4.7-14]
Explain briefly why undercut is given high importance during the visual inspection of welds.

[Q4.7-15]
Name three items of inspection for the shape and size of the groove of a butt welded joint.

[Q4.7-16]
Explain briefly the method of weld leakage inspection during pressure test and gas tight test of
high pressure gas equipment.

[Q4.7-17]
In visual testing (VT), undercut is treated as serious welding defect. Answer the following
questions regarding to undercut.
(1) What is undercut? Explain the definition or meaning.
(2) Explain the reason why undercut is treated as one of the serious welding defect.
[Q4.7-18]
Compare briefly radiographic testing (RT) and ultrasonic testing (UT) in terms of their flaw
(defect) detectability, economy and safety.
Fill the following table with the answers.
Item RT UT
Flaw detectablility

Economy

Safety

[Q4.7-19]
The following sentences are describing testing methods for detecting in
weld. Choose the relevant one and circle its alphabet.
(1) Blowhole can be easily detected by;
(a) RT
(b) VT
(c) MT
(d) ET
(2) The appropriate testing method for the inspection of height of weld reinforcement is;
(a) RT
(b) VT
(c) MT
(d) ET
(3) For detecting lack of fusion located on welding groove surface, it is desirable to use;
(a) VT
(b) UT
(c) RT
(d) PT
(4) For transverse crack on the surface of high strength steel weld, the most detectable testing method is;
(a) MT
(b) PT
(c) VT
(d) Strain measurement
(5) Tungsten inclusion which occurred in the middle layer of the weld of medium thick stainless steel
pipe welded by one side TIG welding is detectable by;
(a) PT
(b) RT
(c) MT
(d) UT
[Q4.7-20]
The following sentences are describing MT and PT. Choose the relevant and circle its alphabet.
(1) For detecting the surface crack, both MT and PT are available to;
(a) carbon steel
(b) aluminum alloy
(c) titanium alloy
(d) austenitic stainless steel
(2) ;
(a) RT
(b) VT
(c) MT
(d) PT
is the testing method able to detect the misalignment.
(3) The defect able to be detected by MT but not PT for carbon steel is;
(a) surface crack
(b) internal crack close to surface
(c) internal defect nearby middle part of weld
(d) undercut
(4) On application of Yoke method of MT to detect the cracks of carbon steel, the direction of
magnetic flux should be oriented to;
(a) perpendicular to direction of crack
(b) parallel to direction of crack
(c) perpendicular to welding direction
(d) parallel to welding direction
(5) In the application of a solvent removal type PT, the testing procedure should be in accordance
with the order of the following one.
(a) Pre-cleaning >> Developing >> Penetrant treatment >>Removing the excess
penetrant >> Observation.
(b) Pre-cleaning >> Penetrant treatment >> Developing >> Removing the excess
penetrant >> Observation.
(c) Pre-cleaning >> Penetrant treatment >> Removing the excess penetrant >>
Developing >> Observation.
(d) Pre-cleaning >> Developing >> Removing the excess penetrant >> Penetrant
treatment >> Observation.

[Q4.7-21]
Visual testing should be carried out on the surface of the welds during and after welding by welders, welding
operators, welding engineers and/or welding inspectors.
What kinds of imperfections should be examined and inspected during and after welding?
Give five (5) items (imperfections).
[Q4.7-22]
The following part of a device or material is usually used in certain NDT method. Put the name of
NDT method used and give its function in brief according to an example in the Table.

Part or Material NDT method used Function

Wire strain gauge

Contrast meter

Non-aqueous (dry)
developer

Probe

Electrode for Prod method

[Q4.7-23]
The following sentences are describing RT, UT and VT. Choose the relevant one and circle its alphabet.
(1) When blowholes were formed on MAG welding, the part of the defects on X-ray film
might be; (a) light image
(b)dark image
(c) the same image
(d) light image or dark image
compared with around sound area.
(2) RT is advantageous on;
(a) safety
(b) custody of records
(c) workability
(d) testing costs
compared with UT.
(3) On RT for butt joint weld, it is right that;
(a) blowholes look light image compared with around sound area on the film
(b) the contrast indictor is used to control the resolution of the defect in the X- ray film
(c) the position of weld defect to thick direction can not be estimated from the position in the
X- ray film
(d) the penetrameter is used to control the image quality of the X- ray film
(4) The position of the weld defect to thick direction on UT can be estimated by;
(a) the height of the defect echo
(b) the position of defect echo on time base
(c) the height of back echo
(d) the number of defect echo
(5) Usually, VT should be applied at ;
(a) before welding
(b) during welding
(c) after welding
(d) before welding, during welding and after welding