Set No.

1
Code No: R41024 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Feb/Mar - 2015
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

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( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions

or
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. a) Sketch the heat rate curve and cost curve of thermal power plants and explain the
significance of them.
b) Explain the procedure for optimal generation allocation between the thermal
generators in a thermal plant.

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2. a) Derive the transmission line loss formula and explain its importance.
b) Discuss the merits and demerits of a method in which optimal generation allocation
of a thermal plant including losses are considered.
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3. a) Discuss the procedure for optimal allocation of generation among the hydrothermal
systems.
b) Discuss the demerits of hydrothermal coordination in optimal generation
scheduling.

4. What is dynamic programming approach? Solve the unit commitment problem using
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dynamic programming with a suitable example.

5. a) Develop the mathematical modelling of speed governing system.

b) What is single area system? Explain its significance.

6. Explain the load frequency control of a two area system and develop its block
diagram.
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7. Explain the role of proportional plus integral control of single area system with neat
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block diagram.

8. a) Discuss the merits and demerits associated with series compensators.

b) Prove that the reactive power flow in a line is more dependent on the bus voltage.

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 Set No. 2
Code No: R41024 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Feb/Mar - 2015

ld
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time : 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

or
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. a) What is incremental fuel cost? Explain how it is plotted and explain its inference.
b) Derive the conditions for optimal power allocation between the generators in a
thermal power plant neglecting losses.

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2. a) Derive the conditions for optimal allocation of generation among the generators in
a thermal plant including transmission losses.
b) Consider the two bus system as shown in below figure. The incremental production
costs at the two generating stations are
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dc1 dc2
0.005 p1 5 and 0.004 p2 7
dp1 dp2
The B - Coefficien ts are given in matrix form as
0.0002 - 0.00005
B
0.0003
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- 0.00005

P1 1 2 P2

Pd1 Pd2
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Determine the penalty factors at both the buses and also the approximate penalty
factors. Given = 8 Rs/MWh.
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3. a) What type of hydro plants are considered for optimal operation of hydro thermal
system? Explain.
b) Explain the advantages of hydrothermal coordination in generation allocation.

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 Set No. 2
Code No: R41024 R10
4. a)What is unit commitment? Explain how it can be done when hydro thermal

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generators are available.
b) Discuss the importance of spinning reserve requirements in the solution of unit
commitment problem.

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5. a) With neat diagram, explain the different parts of a speed governing system.
b) Determine the area frequency response characteristics and the static frequency error
for a system with the following data, when 1% load change occurs.
B = 0.01 P.u MW/Hz
R = 2.5 Hz/P.u MW
Tp = 16 sec
Kp = 100Hz/p.u MW
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6. a) Explain how the tie line power deviation can be incorporated in two area system
block diagram.
b) Two control areas having the following characteristics
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Area-1 R1 = 0.011 p.u

B1 = 0.85 p.u
Base MVA = 1000
Area-2 R2 = 0.018 p.u
B2 = 0.95 p.u
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Base MVA = 1000

A load change of 200 MW occurs in area -1. Find the new steady state frequency.

7. Discuss the importance of combined load frequency control and economic dispatch
control with a neat block diagram.
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8. a) Explain the objectives of reactive power compensation in a transmission system.

b) Explain the behaviour of an uncompensated transmission line under load.
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 Set No. 3
Code No: R41024 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Feb/Mar - 2015

ld
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

or
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. a) Sketch the input and output characteristic of a thermal plant and explain its
significance.

neglecting transmission losses.

W
b) Write an algorithm for optimal power generation in a thermal power plant

2. a) Describe the strategy for generation allocation in a thermal power plant optimally
when including the line losses.
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b) A two bus system with load at bus 2 only. If 50MW is transmitted from plant 1 to
load at bus 2 over the line, the loss is 2.5MW. The incremental production costs at
both the plants are
dc1 dc2
0.03P1 15 and 0.05P2 20
dp1 dp2
The value of is 23 Rs/MWh. Find the generation schedule for economy with
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losses coordinated. What will be the generation schedule if the losses are not
coordinated but considered.

3. a) What is short term hydro thermal scheduling? Explain the difficulties present in the
short term hydro thermal scheduling.
b) Explain the effect of line losses on the optimal hydro thermal scheduling.
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4. a) What is unit commitment? Explain how it can be done when only thermal power
generators are available.
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b) Discuss briefly various constraints imposed while solving unit commitment

problem.

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 Set No. 3
Code No: R41024 R10

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5. a) Draw the block diagram representation of an isolated power system and explain
each block.
b) Explain the steady state analysis of an isolated power system.

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6. a) Represent the two area system in block diagram form and explain its control under
load disturbances.
b) Two control areas having the following characteristics
Area-1 R1 = 0.01 p.u
B1 = 0.8 p.u

Area-2 W
Base MVA = 1000
R2 = 0.015 p.u
B2 = 0.9 p.u
Base MVA = 1000
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A load change of 150 MW occurs in area -2. Find the tie line power deviation.

7. Explain clearly about proportional plus integral load frequency control with a block
diagram and also prove that the steady state change in frequency deviation is zero.

8. a) Derive the relation between reactive power flow and the voltage of bus.
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b) Explain the effect of shunt compensation on the transmission line performance.

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A

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 Set No. 4
Code No: R41024 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Feb/Mar - 2015

ld
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
( Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

or
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. a) Discuss the various factors which will decide the production cost of a thermal
plant.

W
b) Explain the effect of neglecting the transmission losses on the optimal generation
allocation of a thermal plant.

2. a) What is a penalty factor in economic scheduling? Explain its significance.

b) The fuel inputs to two plants are given by
F1 = 0.015+16P1+50 and F2 = 0.02+12P2+30
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The loss coefficients of the system are B11 = 0.005, B12 = 0.0012 and B22 = 0.002
MW-1. The load to be met is 200 MW. Determine the economic operating schedule
and the corresponding cost of generation if the line losses are coordinated.

3. a) Why hydrothermal coordination is required? Explain its need briefly.

b) Using Legrangian multiplier develop mathematical expressions for the solution of
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economic hydrothermal scheduling problem.

4. Using dynamic programming method to determine the most economical units to be

committed to supply a load of 6MW. There are three units with the following data.
1
C1 = 0.9 P1 23P1
2

2
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1
C1 = 0.5P2 22 P2
2

2
1
C1 = 0.6 P3 21P3
2
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2
The maximum and minimum limits for each unit are 5MW and 1 MW
respectively.

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 Set No. 4
Code No: R41024 R10
5. a) Derive the model of a speed governing system and represent it by a block diagram.

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b) Two generators with rating 100 MW and 300MW operate at 50Hz frequency. The
system load increases by 100 MW when both the generators are operating at about
half of their capacity. The frequency then falls to 49.5 Hz.
If the generators are to share the increased load is proportion to their ratings.

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What should be the individual regulations expressed in actual as well as per unit.

6. a) What is area frequency response characteristic? Discuss it in the context of two

area system.
b) Two interconnected areas A and B have capacities 2000 MW and 750 MW

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respectively. The speed regulation coefficients are 0.1 p.u for both the areas on
their own area ratings. The damping torque coefficient are 1.0 p.u also on their
own base. Determine the steady state change in system frequency when a load
increment of 50MW occurs in area A. System frequency is 50Hz.

7. a) Explain the effect of proportional controller on a single area system.

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b) Discuss the requirements of the control strategies in LFC

8. a) What are the specifications of a load compensator?

b) Explain the effect of series compensation on the transmission line performance.
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A

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