What Does This Block Diagram Mean?: Process Control
What Does This Block Diagram Mean?: Process Control
What Does This Block Diagram Mean?: Process Control
Controller Plant
SP Error OP
PID G(s)
PV
Control Terms - Three Term Control
Proportional ---- Proportional Band
Integral ---- Integral Time Constant
Derivative ---- Derivative Time Constant
Controller Plant
SP Error OP
PID G(s)
PV
Loop Response
Under Damped
Setpoint
Critically Damped
Over Damped
Time
Setpoint x osc
t osc
Time
Rule Of Thumb:
Under Damped
Setpoint
Critically Damped
Over Damped
Time
Proportional Term Analogy
Speed
(mph)
50
46
Proportional Band
40
Ease off gas pedal
Time
Time
50
Proportional Band
48
Time
&
G/B
Th
S
Barrel MP Die S
C
P
D D D D D D
C AB Air board
Tr
C Cage
B Bubble diameter sensing
G/B
Tr treater
B B
Barrel S Die S
C
D D D Th D D
T
Use Of Computer Systems
&
How is my process control equipment connected to a
computer system?
Computer Supervision - 1
Ideal Industrial
Computer
Actual Industrial
Computer
Drive Scanning
Control Frame
Digital Communications
Wrong!
RS (EIA) 232, 422 & 485 Analogy
EIA-232:
3 - wire connection ( plus enable links ): Tx, Rx, Common
Point to point ( one to one )
Short distance transmission ( <50ft / 15m )
EIA-422/485:
5-wire connection (422):Tx+, Tx-, Rx+, Rx-, Common
3-wire connection (485):A (Tx+ & Rx+), B (Tx- & Rx-), Common
Multi drop capability: ( 8 for EIA 422 and 32 for EIA 485 )
Long distance transmission ( 4000ft / 1230m )
EIA-232 & EIA-422/485 are analogous to using the air as the transmission
medium for us to communicate. They do not tell us how we communicate.
EIA-232 / EIA 422 (485) Explained
EIA 232 Noise pulse
Tx Rx
Input signal Recovered signal
+ +
Tx Rx
Input signal _
Recovered signal
-
Signals
subtracted
Noise pulse
Communications Protocol Analogy
Allo! Hola!
Hullo! Hello!