Home Made Air Cooler

HOME MADE AIR COOLER
A LIVE PROJECT ON
A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of
The requirements for the award of
DIPLOMA
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted To
GUIDE
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
G.J.PAVAN KUMAR B.Tech,( M.Tech)
Asst.Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ASR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
2nd Shift Polytechnic
TETALI, TANUKU 2014
A LIVE PROJECT REPORT
ON
AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 1

HOMEMADE AIR COOLER
Submitted in partial fulfilled of the requirements for the award of degree

of
DIPLOMA
IN
MECANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
N.N.V.S.D.R.SWAMY J.VINAY
KUMAR
A.P.V.NARASIMHA RAO
S.HANUMAN
TH RAO
K.V.NAGENDRA BABU P.SRI RAM

MURTHY
G.PRAKASH K.MANOJ
KUMAR
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Mr. G. J.PAVAN KUMAR B.Tech,( M.Tech)
2011-2014
DEPARTMENT OF MECANICAL ENGINEERING
AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SHIFT POLYTECHNIC (S.B.T.E & T, HYD)
TETALI-TANUKU, W.G.Dt..

TETALI-TANUKU, W.G.Dt.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work titled STUDY OF HOME MADE
AIR COOLER is a bonafied record of project work done by
N.N.V.S.D.R SWAMY (11278-M-044), A.P.V.NARASIMHA RAO
(11278-M-003), K.V.NAGENDRA BABU (11278-M-035),
G.PRAKASH (11278-M-018), J.VINAY KUMAR (11278-M-023),
S.HANUMANTH RAO (11278-M-048), K.MANOJ KUMAR (11278-
M-037) and P.SRI RAM MURTHY (11278-M-402) during the year
2011-2014 under my guidance, this work is submitted to department of
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING during the course of Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering in AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, SHIFT POLYTECHNIC affiliated to State Board of
Technical Education and Training, Hyderabad, A.P.
Project Guide Head of the

Department
External Examiner

TETALI-TANUKU, W.G.Dt.
STRUCTURAL CHART OF ORGANISING BODY
NAME OF THE PROJECT
MEMBERS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT WORK
S.NO NAME OF THE STUDENT PIN NO.
1. N.N.V.S.D.R SWAMY
11278-M-044
2. A.P.V.NARASIMHA RAO
11278-M-003
3. K.V.NAGENDRA BABU
11278-M-035
4. G.PRAKASH
11278-M-018
5. J.VINAY KUMAR
11278-M-023
6. S.HANUMANTH RAO
11278-M-048
7. P.SRI RAM MURTHY

11278-M-402

8. K.MANOJ KUMAR
11278-M-037

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We the students of D.M.E Expressing thanks tour beloved guide

G.J.PAVAN KUMAR B.Tech,(M.Tech) for his active participation and
excellence guidance at every stage and for high dynamic and motivate
encouragement in successfully completing this project.
We express our thanks to the head of the department R.LALITHA

NARAYANA D.M.E, B.E, M.E, and, (Ph.D) for his cooperation in
completing our project.
We are also highly thankful to our beloved A.RAMA.MURTHY

M.Tech,Ph.D principal for his cooperation in completing our project.
We also indebted to other teaching staff members in the section for

their full cooperation and help during the execution of this project.
Finally, we express our thanks to our lab technicians and all those
who are directly or indirectly involved during the execution of this
project.
PROJECT ASSOCIATES.

ABSTRACT
Homemade air cooler is one of the modern and simple

type of air cooler. It is simple in construction and works on simple
principle.
It mainly consists of two Buckets ,a Fan , PVC pipes ,

Ice water Thermo coal sheets and etc. In this homemade air cooler
;whenever supply given to fan it starts rotating then fan sucks air from
atmosphere into buckets through inlet valve of the bucket with some
pressure and temperature.
Then heat exchange from air to water. Then cool air

comes out through outlet valves of the bucket with some pressure. Then
cooling effect is produced. The cooling effect is measured with the help
of temperature indicator .
It is easy in construction and works with simple

principle, it is easy for maintenance and transport. It works with inverter
continuously. It is low cost and power consumption is less. It is especially
used for small babies in summer season.
Objectives
It is easy to operate for anybody.

To minimize the usage of electricity and save for future generation.
It will produce comfort, healthy and cooling effect in any season
especially in summer season.
It is simple and less weight to carry to any place.
It is less in cost.
Low consumption of power.
It works with inverter.
It is easy for maintenance.

Contents
Page no:
i. Abstract
6
ii. Introduction
9-11
iii. Physical principles
12-13
3.1 Other types of phase-change cooling
iv. Applications
14-16
4.1 Other examples
v. Evaporative cooler designs

17-21
5.1Typical installations
5.2Evaporative (wet) cooling towers
5.3Misting systems
vi. Performance
22-23
vii. Comparison to air conditioning
24-26
7.1 Advantages
7.2 Disadvantages
viii. Parts of cooler

27-29


ix. Homemade air cooler

31
x. Components Required
32
xi. Components Explanation
33-36
xii. Construction
37
xiii. Working Principle
38
xiv. Procedure
39
xv. Uses and Advantages
40
xvi. Comparison
41
xvii. Conclusion
42
xviii. Bibliography
43
xix. Notes
44


Introduction
A Home Made Air Cooler (also swamp cooler, desert cooler and
wet air cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of
water. Evaporative cooling differs from typical air conditioning systems
which use vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycles.
Evaporative cooling works by employing water's large enthalpy of
vaporization. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly
through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor (evaporation),
which can cool air using much less energy than refrigeration. In
extremely dry climates, evaporative cooling of air has the added benefit
of conditioning the air with more moisture for the comfort of building
occupants.
Air washers and wet cooling towers use the same principles as Air
coolers but are designed for purposes other than directly cooling the air
inside a building. For example, an evaporative cooler may be designed to
cool the coils of a large air conditioning or refrigeration system to
increase its efficiency.
Fig no: 1

Civilizations throughout the ages have found ingenious ways to

combat the heat in their region. An earlier form of air cooling, the wind
catcher was invented in Persia thousands of years ago in the form of wind
shafts on the roof, which caught the wind, passed it over subterranean
water in a and discharged the cooled air into the building. Nowadays
Iranians have changed the wind catcher into an evaporative cooler and
use it wisely.
fig no :2
A traditional air cooler in Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
The evaporative cooler was the subject of numerous US patents in

the 20th century; many of these, starting in 1906,[2] suggested or assumed
the use of excelsior (wood wool) pads as the elements to bring a large
volume of water in contact with moving air to allow evaporation to occur.
A typical design, as shown in a 1945 patent, includes a water reservoir
(usually with level controlled by a float valve), a pump to circulate water
over the excelsior pads and a squirrel-cage fan to draw air through the
pads and into the house. This design and this material remain dominant in
evaporative coolers in the American Southwest, where they are also used
to increase humidity. In the United States, the use of the term swamp
cooler may be due to the odor of algae produced by early units.
Evaporative cooling was in vogue for aircraft engines in the 1930s,

for example with the Beardmore Tornado airship engine. Here the system
was used to reduce, or eliminate completely, the radiator which would
otherwise create considerable drag. In these systems the water in the
engine was kept under pressure with pumps, allowing it to heat to
temperatures above 100C, as the actual boiling point is a function of the
pressure. The superheated water was then sprayed through a nozzle into
an open tube, where it flashed into steam, releasing its heat. The tubes

could be placed under the skin of the aircraft, resulting in a zero-drag

cooling system.
However these systems also had serious disadvantages. Since the

amount of tubing needed to cool the water was large, the cooling system
covered a significant portion of the plane even though it was hidden. This
added complexity and reliability issues. In addition this large size meant
it was very easy for it to be hit by enemy fire, and practically impossible
to armor. British and U.S. developers used ethylene glycol instead,
cooling the liquid in radiators. The Germans instead used streamlining
and positioning of traditional radiators. Even the method's most ardent
supporters, Henkels Gnter brothers, eventually gave up on it in 1940
Externally-mounted evaporative cooling devices (car coolers) were

used in some automobiles to cool interior airoften as aftermarket
accessoriesuntil modern vapor-compression air conditioning became
widely available.

Physical principles
Evaporative cooling is a physical phenomenon in which

evaporation of a liquid, typically into surrounding air, cools an object or a
liquid in contact with it. Latent heat, the amount of heat that is needed to
evaporate the liquid, is drawn from the air. When considering water
evaporating into air, the wet-bulb temperature which takes both
temperature and humidity into account, as compared to the actual air
temperature (dry-bulb temperature), is a measure of the potential for
evaporative cooling. The greater the difference between the two
temperatures, the greater the evaporative cooling effect. When the
temperatures are the same, no net evaporation of water in air occurs, thus
there is no cooling effect. The wet-bulb temperature is essentially the
lowest temperature which can be attained by evaporative cooling at a
given temperature and humidity.
A simple example of natural evaporative cooling is perspiration, or

sweat, secreted by the body, evaporation of which cools the body. The
amount of heat transfer depends on the evaporation rate, however for
each kilogram of water vaporized 2,257 kJ of energy (about 890 BTU per
pound of pure water, at 95F) are transferred. The evaporation rate
depends on the temperature and humidity of the air, which is why sweat
accumulates more on hot, humid days, as it does not evaporate fast
enough.
Vapor-compression refrigeration uses evaporative cooling, but the

evaporated vapor is within a sealed system, and is then compressed ready
to evaporate again, using energy to do so. Simple evaporative coolers
water is evaporated into the environment, and not recovered. In an
interior space cooling unit, the evaporated water is introduced into the
space along with the now-cooled air; in an evaporative tower the
evaporated water is carried off in the airflow exhaust.

Working of portable air cooler
Evaporative cooling is an entirely natural method of cooling, using

only air and water - no artificial refrigerants. Hot air is drawn into the
cooler and passes through water-moistened pads. Some of the water
evaporates, absorbing the heat as it does so, and cools the air. A fan then
blows this beautifully cooled air throughout the room and forces hot air
out through open windows and doors. Because evaporative cooling is
natural and the units dont require an enclosed space to work, they are
an ideal solution for cooling open areas such as undercover patios and
workshops.
Other types of phase-change cooling
A closely related process, sublimation cooling differs from

evaporative cooling in that a phase transition from solid to vapor, rather
than liquid to vapor occurs.
Sublimation cooling has been observed to operate on a planetary

scale on the planetoid Pluto, where it has been called an anti-greenhouse
effect. Another application of a phase change to cooling is the "self-
refrigerating" beverage can. A separate compartment inside the can
contains a desiccant and a liquid. Just before drinking, a tab is pulled so
that the desiccant comes into contact with the liquid and dissolves. As it
does so it absorbs an amount of heat energy called the latent heat of
fusion. Evaporative cooling works with the phase change of liquid into
vapor and the latent heat of vaporization, but the self-cooling can uses a
change from solid to liquid, and the latent heat of fusion to achieve the
same result.

Applications
Before the advent of refrigeration, evaporative cooling was used

for millennia. A porous earthenware vessel would cool water by
evaporation through its walls; frescoes from about 2500 BC show slaves
fanning jars of water to cool rooms.[7] A vessel could also be placed in a
bowl of water, covered with a wet cloth dipping into the water, to keep
milk or butter as fresh as possible.[8]
California ranch house with evaporative cooler box on roof ridgeline
Evaporative cooling is a common form of cooling buildings for

thermal comfort since it is relatively cheap and requires less energy than
other forms of cooling. However, evaporative cooling is only effective
when the relative humidity is on the low side, limiting its popularity to
dry climates. Evaporative cooling raises the internal humidity level
significantly, which desert inhabitants may appreciate as the moist air re-
hydrate dry skin and sinuses. Exhaust ducts and/or open windows must
be used at all times to allow the cooled humidified air to continually
escape the home or air conditioned area. The evaporative system cannot
function without exhausting the continuous supply of cooled air to the
outside. Depending on the placement of a single 'cooled air' inlet, along
with the layout of the house passages, related doors and room windows,
the system can be used most effectively to direct the cooled air to the
required areas. A well designed layout can very effectively scavenge and
expel the hot air from desired areas without the need for an above ceiling
ducted venting system. Continuous airflow is essential, so the exhaust
windows or vents must not restrict the volume and passage of air being
introduced by the evaporative cooling machine. One must also be mindful
of the outside wind direction, as for example a strong hot southerly wind
will slow or restrict the exhausted air from a south facing window. It is
always best to have the downwind windows open, while the upwind
windows are closed.

Evaporative cooling is especially well suited for climates where the

air is hot and humidity is low. In the United States, the western/mountain
states are good locations, with evaporative coolers prevalent in cities like
Denver, Salt Lake City, Albuquerque, El Paso, Tucson, and Fresno.
Evaporative air conditioning is also popular and well-suited to the
southern (temperate) part of Australia. In dry, arid climates, the
installation and operating cost of an evaporative cooler can be much
lower than that of refrigerative air conditioning, often by 80% or so.
However, evaporative cooling and vapor-compression air conditioning
are sometimes used in combination to yield optimal cooling results. Some
evaporative coolers may also serve as humidifiers in the heating season.
In locations with moderate humidity there are many cost-effective

uses for evaporative cooling, in addition to their widespread use in dry
climates. For example, industrial plants, commercial kitchens, laundries,
dry cleaners, greenhouses, spot cooling (loading docks, warehouses,
factories, construction sites, athletic events, workshops, garages, and
kennels) and confinement farming (poultry ranches, hog, and dairy) often
employ evaporative cooling. In highly humid climates, evaporative
cooling may have little thermal comfort benefit beyond the increased
ventilation and air movement it provides.

Other examples
Trees transpire large amounts of water through pores in their leaves

called stomata, and through this process of evaporative cooling, forests
interact with climate at local and global scales.
Evaporative cooling is commonly used in cryogenic applications.

The vapor above a reservoir of cryogenic liquid is pumped away, and the
liquid continuously evaporates as long as the liquid's vapor pressure is
significant. Evaporative cooling of ordinary helium forms a 1-K pot,
which can cool to at least 1.2 K. Evaporative cooling of helium-3 can
provide temperatures below 300 mK. These techniques can be used to
make cry coolers, or as components of lower-temperature cryostats such
as dilution refrigerators. As the temperature decreases, the vapor pressure
of the liquid also falls, and cooling becomes less effective. This sets a
lower limit to the temperature attainable with a given liquid.
Evaporative cooling is also the last cooling step in order to reach

the ultra-low temperatures required for BoseEinstein condensation
(BEC). Here, so-called forced evaporative cooling is used to selectively
remove high-energetic ("hot") atoms from an atom cloud until the
remaining cloud is cooled below the BEC transition temperature. For a
cloud of 1 million alkali atoms, this temperature is about 1K.
Although robotic spacecraft use thermal radiation almost

exclusively, many manned spacecraft have short missions that permit
open-cycle evaporative cooling. Examples include the Space Shuttle, the
Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM), Lunar Module and Portable
Life Support System. The Apollo CSM and the Space Shuttle also had
radiators, and the Shuttle could evaporate ammonia as well as water. The
Apollo spacecraft used sublimates, compact and largely passive devices
that dump waste heat in water vapor (steam) that is vented to space.
When liquid water is exposed to vacuum it boils vigorously, carrying
away enough heat to freeze the remainder to ice that covers the sublimate
and automatically regulates the feed water flow depending on the heat
load. The water expended is often available in surplus from the fuel cells
used by many manned spacecraft to produce electricity.
However the ice crystals from dumped urine, water etc., which are
flying through space at orbital velocities, have been found to "sand blast"
space craft.

Evaporative cooler designs
Fig no: 3 Evaporative cooler illustration
Most designs take advantage of the fact that water has one of the
highest known enthalpy of vaporization (latent heat of vaporization)
values of any common substance. Because of this, evaporative coolers
use only a fraction of the energy of vapor-compression or absorption air
conditioning systems. Unfortunately, except in very dry climates, the
single-stage (direct) cooler can increase relative humidity (RH) to a level
that makes occupants uncomfortable. Indirect and Two-stage evaporative
coolers keep the RH lower.
Direct evaporative cooling (open circuit) is used to lower the

temperature of air by using latent heat of evaporation, changing liquid
water to water vapor. In this process, the energy in the air does not
change. Warm dry air is changed to cool moist air. The heat of the
outside air is used to evaporate water. The RH increases to 70 to 90%
which reduces the cooling effect of human perspiration. The moist air has
to be continually released to outside or else the air becomes saturated and
evaporation stops.
Indirect evaporative cooling (closed circuit) is similar to direct

evaporative cooling but uses some type of heat exchanger. The cooled
moist air never comes in direct contact with the conditioned air. The
moist air stream is released outside or used to cool other external devices
such as solar cells which are more efficient if kept cool. One indirect
cooler manufacturer uses the so-called Maisotsenko cycle which employs
an iterative (multi-step) heat exchanger that can reduce the temperature to
below the wet-bulb temperature. While no moisture is added to the
incoming air the relative humidity (RH) does rise a little according to the
Temperature-RH formula. Still, the relatively dry air resulting from

indirect evaporative cooling allows inhabitants' perspiration to evaporate

more easily, increasing the relative effectiveness of this technique.
Two-stage evaporative cooling, or indirect-direct. In the first stage

of a two-stage cooler, warm air is pre-cooled indirectly without adding
humidity (by passing inside a heat exchanger that is cooled by
evaporation on the outside). In the direct stage, the pre-cooled air passes
through a water-soaked pad and picks up humidity as it cools. Since the
air supply is pre-cooled in the first stage, less humidity is transferred in
the direct stage, to reach the desired cooling temperatures. The result,
according to manufacturers, is cooler air with a RH between 50-70%,
depending on the climate, compared to a traditional system that produces
about 7080% relative humidity in the conditioned air.
Hybrid. Direct or indirect cooling has been combined with vapor-

compression or absorption air conditioning to increase the overall
efficiency and /or to reduce the temperature below the wet-bulb limit.
Materials. Traditionally, evaporative cooler pads consist of

excelsior (aspen wood fiber) inside containment net, but more modern
materials, such as some plastics and melamine paper, are entering use as
cooler-pad media. Wood absorbs some of the water and has a larger
surface area which allows the wood fibers to cool passing air to a lower
temperature than some synthetic materials, [dubious discuss] but natural fibers
also can pose a problem with harboring or supporting mildew growth.

Typical installations
Typically, residential and industrial evaporative coolers use direct

evaporation, and can be described as an enclosed metal or plastic box
with vented sides. Air is moved by a centrifugal fan or blower, (usually
driven by an electric motor with pulleys known as "sheaves" in HVAC
terminology, or a direct-driven axial fan), and a water pump is used to
wet the evaporative cooling pads. The cooling units can be mounted on
the roof (down draft, or down flow), or exterior walls or windows (side
draft, or horizontal flow) of buildings. To cool, the fan draws ambient air
through vents on the unit's sides and through the damp pads. Heat in the
air evaporates water from the pads which are constantly re-dampened to
continue the cooling process. Then cooled, moist air is delivered into the
building via a vent in the roof or wall.
Because the cooling air originates outside the building, one or

more large vents must exist to allow air to move from inside to outside.
Air should only be allowed to pass once through the system, or the
cooling effect will decrease. This is due to the air reaching the saturation
point. Often 15 or so air changes per hour (ACHs) occur in spaces served
by evaporative coolers, a relatively high rate of air exchange.

Evaporative (wet) cooling towers
Main article: Cooling tower
Fig no:4
Large hyperboloid cooling towers made of structural steel for a power

plant in Kharkov (Ukraine)
Cooling towers are structures for cooling water or other heat

transfer media to near-ambient wet-bulb temperature. Wet cooling towers
operate on the evaporative cooling principle, but are optimized to cool the
water rather than the air. Cooling towers can often be found on large
buildings or on industrial sites. They transfer heat to the environment
from chillers, industrial processes, or the Rankin power cycle, for
example.
Misting systems
Fig no:5
Mist spraying system with water pump beneath
Misting systems work by forcing water via a high pressure pump

and tubing through a brass and stainless steel mist nozzle that has an
orifice of about 5 micrometers, thereby producing a micro-fine mist. The

water droplets that create the mist are so small that they instantly flash
evaporates. Flash evaporation can reduce the surrounding air temperature
by as much as 35 F (20 C) in just seconds. [11] For patio systems, it is
ideal to mount the mist line approximately 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3.0 m)
above the ground for optimum cooling. Misting is used for applications
such as flowerbeds, pets, livestock, kennels, insect control, odor control,
zoos, veterinary clinics, cooling of produce, and greenhouses.
Misting fans
A misting fan is similar to a humidifier. A fan blows a fine mist of

water into the air. If the air is not too humid, the water evaporates,
absorbing heat from the air, allowing the misting fan to also work as an
air cooler. A misting fan may be used outdoors, especially in a dry
climate.
Small portable battery-powered misting fans, consisting of an

electric fan and a hand-operated water spray pump, are sold as novelty
items. Their effectiveness in everyday use is unclear.

Performance
Understanding evaporative cooling performance requires an

understanding of psychometrics. Evaporative cooling performance is
variable due to changes in external temperature and humidity level. A
residential cooler should be able to cool air to within 34 C (57 F) of
the corresponding wet-bulb temperature.
It is simple to predict cooler performance from standard weather

report information. Because weather reports usually contain the dew
point and relative humidity, but not the wet-bulb temperature, a
psychometric chart or a simple computer program must be used to
compute the wet bulb temperature. Once the wet bulb temperature and
the dry bulb temperature are identified, the cooling performance or
leaving air temperature of the cooler may be determined:
TLA = TDB ((TDB TWB) x E)
TLA = Leaving Air Temp
TDB = Dry Bulb Temp
TWB = Wet Bulb Temp
E = Efficiency of the evaporative media.
Evaporative media efficiency usually runs between 80% to 90%

and the evaporation efficiency drops very little over time. Typical aspen
pads used in residential evaporative coolers offer around 85% efficiency
while CELdek [further explanation needed] type of evaporative media offer
efficiencies of >90% depending on air velocity. The CELdek media is
more often used in large commercial and industrial installations.
As an example, in Las Vegas, Nevada, with a typical summer

design day of 108F DB/66F WB or about 8% relative humidity, the
leaving air temperature of a residential cooler would be:
TLA = 108 ((108 66) x 85% efficiency)
TLA = 72.3F
However, either of two methods can be used to estimate performance:

Use a psychometric chart to calculate wet bulb temperature, and

then add 57 F as described above.
Use a rule of thumb which estimates that the wet bulb temperature
is approximately equal to the ambient temperature, minus one third
of the difference between the ambient temperature and the dew
point. As before, add 57 F as described above.
Some examples clarify this relationship:
At 32 C (90 F) and 15% relative humidity, air may be cooled to

nearly 16 C (61 F). The dew point for these conditions is 2 C
(36 F).
about 24 C (75 F). The dew point for these conditions is 20 C
(68 F).
nearly 21 C (70 F). The dew point for these conditions is 8 C
(46 F).
(Cooling examples extracted from the June 25, 2000 University of Idaho
publication, "Home wise").
Because evaporative coolers perform best in dry conditions, they

are widely used and most effective in arid, desert regions such as the
southwestern USA and northern Mexico.
The same equation indicates why evaporative coolers are of limited

use in highly humid environments: for example, a hot August day in
Tokyo may be 30 C (86 F), 85% relative humidity, and 1,005 hPa
pressure. This gives dew point 27.2 C (81.0 F) and wet-bulb
temperature 27.88 C (82.18 F). According to the formula above, at 85%
efficiency air may be cooled only down to 28.2 C (82.8 F) which makes
it quite impractical.

Advantages
Less expensive to install

Estimated cost for installation is about half that of central
refrigerated air conditioning.[12]
Less expensive to operate

Estimated cost of operation is 1/8 that of refrigerated air.[13]
Power consumption is limited to the fan and water pump. Because
the water vapor is not recycled, there is no compressor that
consumes most of the power in closed-cycle refrigeration.
The refrigerant is water. No special refrigerants, such as ammonia,
sulfur dioxide or CFCs, are used that could be toxic, expensive to
replace, contribute to ozone depletion and/or be subject to stringent
licensing and environmental regulations.
Ease of maintenance
The only two mechanical parts in most basic evaporative coolers
are the fan motor and the water pump, both of which can be
repaired at low cost and often by a mechanically inclined
homeowner.
Ventilation air
The constant and high volumetric flow rate of air through the
building reduces the "age-of-air" in the building dramatically.
Evaporative cooling increases humidity. In dry climates, this may
improve comfort and decrease static electricity problems.
The pad itself acts as a rather effective air filter when properly
maintained; it is capable of removing a variety of contaminants in
air, including urban ozone caused by pollution, regardless of very
dry weather. Refrigeration-based cooling systems lose this ability
whenever there is not enough humidity in the air to keep the
evaporator wet while providing a constant trickle of condensate
that washes out dissolved impurities removed from the air.
Disadvantages

Performance
High dew point (humidity) conditions decrease the cooling
capability of the evaporative cooler.
No dehumidification. Traditional air conditioners remove moisture
from the air, except in very dry locations where recirculation can
lead to a buildup of humidity. Evaporative cooling adds moisture,
and in humid climates, dryness may improve thermal comfort at
higher temperatures.
Comfort
The air supplied by the evaporative cooler is typically 8090%
relative humidity; very humid air reduces the evaporation rate of
moisture from the skin, nose, lungs, and eyes.
High humidity in air accelerates corrosion, particularly in the
presence of dust. This can considerably shorten the life of
electronic and other equipment.
High humidity in air may cause condensation of water. This can be
a problem for some situations (e.g., electrical equipment,
computers, paper, books, and old wood).
Water
Evaporative coolers require a constant supply of water to wet the
pads.
Water high in mineral content will leave mineral deposits on the
pads and interior of the cooler. Depending on the type and
concentration of minerals, possible safety hazards during the
replacement and waste removal of the pads could be present.
Bleed-off and refill (purge pump) systems may reduce this
problem.
The water supply line may need protection against freeze bursting
during off-season, winter temperatures. The cooler it needs to be
drained too, as well as cleaned periodically and the pads replaced.
Mosquitoes

An evaporative cooler is a common place for mosquito breeding.

Various authorities consider a poorly maintained cooler to be a big
threat to public health.[14]
Miscellaneous
Evaporative cooling towers are the most common sources of
Legionella and Legionnaires' disease
Odors and other outdoor contaminants may be blown into the
building unless sufficient filtering is in place.
Mold and bacteria may be dispersed into interior air from poorly
maintained or defective systems, causing Sick Building Syndrome.
Asthma patients may need to avoid poorly maintained evaporative
cooled environments.
A sacrificial anode may be required to prevent excessive evaporative
cooler corrosion.
Wood wool of dry cooler pads can catch fire even by small sparks.

PARTS OF AIR COOLER
Condenser
Condenser, device for reducing a gas or vapour to a liquid.
Condensers are employed in power plants to condense exhaust steam
from turbines and in refrigeration plants to condense refrigerant vapors,
such as ammonia and fluorinated hydrocarbons. The petroleum and
chemical industries employ condensers for the condensation of
hydrocarbons and other chemical vapors. In distilling operations, the
device in which the vapour is transformed to a liquid state is called a
condenser.
Fig no:6
All condensers operate by removing heat from the gas or vapour;

once sufficient heat is eliminated, liquefaction occurs. For some
applications, all that is necessary is to pass the gas through a long tube
(usually arranged in a coil or other compact shape) to permit heat to
escape into the surrounding air. A heat-conductive metal, such as
copper, is commonly used to transport the vapour. A condensers
efficiency is often enhanced by attaching fins (i.e., flat sheets of
conductive metal) to the tubing to accelerate heat removal. Commonly,
such condensers employ fans to force air through the fins and carry the
heat away. In many cases, large condensers for industrial applications
use water or some other liquid in place of air to achieve heat removal.

Expander cycle
The expander cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In

this cycle, the fuel is used to cool the engine's combustion chamber,
picking up heat and changing phase. The heated gaseous fuel then powers
the engine's pumps and turbine before being injected into the combustion
chamber and burned.
Because of the necessary phase change, the expander cycle is thrust
limited by the square-cube rule. As the size of a bell-shaped nozzle
increases with increasing thrust, the nozzle surface area (from which heat
can be extracted to expand the fuel) increases as the square of the radius.
However, the volume of fuel that must be heated increases as the cube of
the radius. Thus there exists a maximum engine size of approximately
300 kN of thrust beyond which there is no longer enough nozzle area to
heat enough fuel to drive the turbines and hence the fuel pumps. Higher
thrust levels can be achieved using a bypass expander cycle where a
portion of the fuel bypasses the turbine and or thrust chamber cooling
passages and goes directly to the main chamber injector. Non-
toroidalaerospike engines do not suffer from the same limitations because
the linear shape of the engine is not subject to the square-cube law. As the
width of the engine increases, both the volume of fuel to be heated and
the available thermal energy increase linearly, allowing arbitrarily wide
engines to be constructed. All expander cycle engines need to use

a cryogenic fuel such as hydrogen, methane, or propane that easily reach

their boiling points.
Compressor
Compressor, device for increasing the pressure of a gas by

mechanically decreasing its volume. Air is the most frequently
compressed gas but natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen, and other industrially
important gases are also compressed. The three general types of
compressors are positive displacement, centrifugal, and axial. Positive
displacement compressors are usually of the reciprocating piston type, in
which the gas is drawn in during the suction stroke of the piston,
compressed by decreasing the volume of the gas by moving the piston in
the opposite direction, and, lastly, discharged when the gas pressure
exceeds the pressure acting on the outlet valve. Reciprocating
compressors are useful for supplying small amounts of a gas at relatively
high pressures.
Centrifugal compressors increase the kinetic energy of the gas with

a high-speed impeller and then convert this energy into increased
pressure in a divergent outlet passage called the diffuser. Centrifugal
compressors are particularly suited for compressing large volumes of gas
to moderate pressures. In axial compressors the gas flows parallel to the
axis of rotation of the rotor, which has many rows of aerodynamically
shaped blades extending radically outward. The rotor is surrounded by a
stationary casing that contains a similar number of rows of blades
extending inward and fitting between the rows of rotor blades. As gas
passes through the compressor, its velocity is alternately increased and
decreased. During each increase in velocity the kinetic energy of the gas
is increased, and during each decrease in velocity this kinetic energy is
converted into an increase in pressure. This type of compressor is used
for jet aircraft engines and gas turbines.

Evaporator
Evaporator, industrial apparatus for converting liquid into vapour.

The single-effect evaporator consists of a container or surface and a
heating unit; the multiple-effect evaporator uses the vapor produced in
one unit to heat a succeeding unit. Double-, triple-, or quadruple-effect
evaporators may be required in industrial and steam heating plants.
Some evaporators are used to concentrate a solution by vaporizing

and eliminating water, as, for example, in a concentration plant for sugar
and syrup. In purification processes, such as the desalination of seawater,
evaporators convert the water to vapour, leaving mineral residues in the
evaporator. The vapour then is condensed into (desalinated) water. In a
refrigeration system, the cooling effect is produced as the rapid
evaporation of the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat.

Homemade air cooler
Homemade air cooler is one of the modern and easier types of

portable & simple air cooler. It works on the principle of normal air
coolers. It is used to produce comfort, healthy and cool in any seasons
especially in summer.

Fig no:7

COMPONENTS REQUIRED TO PREPARE
HOME MADE AIR COOLER.
Big plastic bucket - 01

Small plastic bucket - 01
High speed fan - 01
PVC Pipe - 01
Cutter - 01
Drilling machine - 01
Ice - as
required
Thermo coal sheets - 02
Battery - 01
Couplings - 03
Clamps - 04

Homemade air cooler components explanation.
Plastic bucket
This bucket is made up of thermo setting plastics i.e., the plastics
which are hardened on heating and cant be softened is called thermo
setting plastics. These are formed by condensation polymerization.
The bucket required for home made air cooler is carry a

capacity of 20 lit or any dimensioned buckets which are useful are taken.
These buckets are having high strength and hardness. These are
non soluble in organic solvents.
Fig no:8
High speed fan

We use high speed fan because it rotates at high speed and it gives
more air and also it will consumes less power. The fan sizes are about 6
inches to 8 inches and also based on size of bucket.
Fig no:9
PVC Pipe
PVC pipes used in home appliances to carry waste water from one
place to other place. In homemade air cooler we use PVC pipe because
the air produced in bucket is comes atmosphere in various direction. So
we place pipe in to buckets to produce air at one direction. These are
taken as per required dimensions based on holes produced on buckets. Its
cost is less than compared to plastic pipes.
Cutter

Cutter is used to cut the any work jobs, the cutters has high
strength ad hardness. If these are made of steel to protect against
corrosive resistance.
In homemade air cooler we use cutter to cut the cap of bucket to place the
fan.
Fig no:10
Drilling machine
Drilling machine is one of mechanical machine. It works by
using electrical supply power. Drilling machine is used to produce holes
on give jobs. In this homemade air cooler we use drilling machine to
produce holes o large and small plastic buckets. And finishing the drilled
holes by using reamer.
Fig no: 11
Ice

Ice is used to cool the water and in homemade air cooler we used
the ice to produce pre-cooling effect before operation only.
Battery
By using electric power we rotate the fan we use ac/dc supply for
rotation of fan. This fan must rotate at high speed about 230v, 11w, 8A
fan is used.
Without electric power no machine rotates efficiently. So we use

electricity to run machine.
.
Fig no: 12

Construction of Homemade air cooler
First we take a clean and large plastic bucket.

Make 3 holes on given plastic bucket by using give drilling
machine.
The drilled holes must be required diameter.
Then place another small bucket on large bucket with some
clearance between them.
Then make holes with drilling machine according to the hole sizes
are taken as similar to large bucket diameters.
Then cut PVC pipe into required dimensions by using hack saw.
The PVC pipes are inserted in to drilled holes which are present in
buckets.
The cap of large plastic bucket is cut by using a cutter.
This hole used to place high speed fan in to bucket.
Electric supply given in to fan.
Water is poured in to bucket.
This is the constructive of homemade air cooler.
Fig no: 13

Working Principle
This homemade air cooler works o very simple principle it doesnt

require of any condenser, evaporator or any parts.
The fan absorbs air from atmosphere and supply in to tub then the
water preset in bucket used to absorb heat which presents air then this air
comes out through outlet valves.
Fig no: 14

Working procedure
In homemade air cooler, whenever the electric supply given to
the fan and the fan rotates with very high speed in clock wise
direction.
Then the fan receives air from atmosphere.
Then this air passes in to the bucket with high pressure and also
with some temperature.
The ice water present in the bucket used to absorb heat from air.
It is also called thermal transferring.
Then the cool air passes in to outlet valve to atmosphere with
high pressure.
The cool air passes from bucket is to focus at a point by using
PVC pipes the air comes in to object.
Then cool air is produced.
Fig no: 15

Uses and Advantages

The cool air used to produce comfort to peoples.
It is most useful for babies and small Childs in summer season.
It works with inventor 24 hours.
Power consumption is less.
It maintenance is easy.
It is easy to carry from one place to other place.
It is less in weight.
The water tank should clean twice a day.
It is placed at any places.
Its cost is cheap.
It is more useful for middle class people and in villages.
If power is not preset, with help of solar panels the fan is rotated
and the homemade air cooler will work.
These are used to reduce the heat of air and humidity.

COMPARING HOME MADE AIR COOLER
WITH PORTABLE AIR COOLER.
Portable air Homemade air

Cooler cooler
1. It is more expensive. 1. It is less expensive.
2. High maintenance cost. 2. Low maintenance cost.
3. Heavy weight. 3. Less in weight.
4. It consumes more power to 4. It consumes less power to

work. work.
5. It maintenance is hard. 5. It maintenance is easy.
6. It is impossible to carry to 6. It is easy to carry to different

different places. places.

CONCLUSION
BY CONSIDERING ALL THE FACTORS; THAT WE

THINK OUR HOME MADE AIR COOLER IS VERY USEFUL THEN
OTHER COOLERS; BECAUSE IT IS
EASY CONSTRUCTION
LOW COST
LESS POWER CONSUMPTION
ALTERNATE SOURCE (BATTERY ALSO WORKS)

BIBLIOGRAPHY
TE-1 & TE-2. - V.NARESH;PAKIRAPPA

R & AC. - ARORA
WS. - M.ANITHA
TROPICAL R&AC. - COTTEL L.W
MECHANICAL REFRIGIRATION - N.R.SPARKS
STANDARD R&AC. - STEVE ELONKA
ENGG CHEMISTRY - G.V.NARAYANA

NOTES

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HOME MADE AIR COOLER

HOME MADE AIR COOLER

Submitted in partial fulfillment of

The requirements for the award of

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

G.J.PAVAN KUMAR B.Tech,( M.Tech)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ASR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2nd Shift Polytechnic

TETALI, TANUKU 2014

A LIVE PROJECT REPORT

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 1

HOMEMADE AIR COOLER

Submitted in partial fulfilled of the requirements for the award of degree

K.V.NAGENDRA BABU P.SRI RAM

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mr. G. J.PAVAN KUMAR B.Tech,( M.Tech)

DEPARTMENT OF MECANICAL ENGINEERING

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SHIFT POLYTECHNIC (S.B.T.E & T, HYD)

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 2

DEPARTMENT OF MECANICAL ENGINEERING

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SHIFT POLYTECHNIC (S.B.T.E & T, HYD)

Project Guide Head of the

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 3

DEPARTMENT OF MECANICAL ENGINEERING

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SHIFT POLYTECHNIC (S.B.T.E & T, HYD)

STRUCTURAL CHART OF ORGANISING BODY

NAME OF THE PROJECT

HOME MADE AIR COOLER

MEMBERS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT WORK

S.NO NAME OF THE STUDENT PIN NO.

7. P.SRI RAM MURTHY

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 4

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 5

We the students of D.M.E Expressing thanks tour beloved guide

We express our thanks to the head of the department R.LALITHA

We are also highly thankful to our beloved A.RAMA.MURTHY

We also indebted to other teaching staff members in the section for

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 6

Homemade air cooler is one of the modern and simple

It mainly consists of two Buckets ,a Fan , PVC pipes ,

Then heat exchange from air to water. Then cool air

It is easy in construction and works with simple

It is easy to operate for anybody.

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 7

3.1 Other types of phase-change cooling

4.1 Other examples

v. Evaporative cooler designs

5.2Evaporative (wet) cooling towers

viii. Parts of cooler

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 8

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 9

ix. Homemade air cooler

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 10

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 11

AKULA SREE RAMULU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 12

Civilizations throughout the ages have found ingenious ways to