EGR System, Fault Tracing
EGR System, Fault Tracing
EGR System, Fault Tracing
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Greensboro, NC USA
W2004292
This information covers fault tracing the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system of the
Volvo D12D engine.
For information on the design and function of the EGR system, refer to Service
Information, group 25.
Contents
General Guide to Fault Tracing page 2
EGR System Overview page 3
EGR System, Fault Tracing page 4
PV776-20047705 USA19673.ihval
Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. Date Group No. Page
Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 2(24)
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You must read and understand the precautions and guidelines in Service Information,
group 20, "General Safety Practices, Engine" before performing any procedure. If
you are not properly trained and certified in a procedure, ask your supervisor for
training before you perform it.
1
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A EGR valves
B EGR cooler
C Reed valves
D Mixing chamber
E Charge air cooler
F Intake Manifold
G Exhaust gases from exhaust manifold
H Main exhaust (EPG housing)
I Charge air
J Air inlet
K Cooled EGR gases
L Cooled charge air
M Charge air/exhaust gas mixture
2
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Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 4(24)
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Vehicle Chassis Number
Symptom:
Refer to:
Low Power 2, 3, 4, 6
Black smoke 2, 6
White/gray smoke 2, 5
Coolant loss 5
EGR valve positions 1 and 2 display 14 3% with engine at idle, coolant temperature > 65 C (149 F)? Clutch pedal released,
and ambient temperature > -4 C (25 F), EGR Temperature > 98 C (208 F).
ROAD TEST:
EGR valve positions 1 and 2 display 0% when under acceleration up to 1100 rpm?
EGR valve positions 1 and 2 display > 80% when engine load > 50%, engine speed > 1200 rpm, and coolant temperature
> 65 C (149 F)?
EGR valves 1 and 2 open and close properly via VCADS Pro?
EGR valve discs and seat are free from leakage when valves are closed?
Does the EGR position sensor output voltage correspond to the actual valve position?
Action:
With engine at normal operating temperature, is EGR temperature within normal range?
Is the EGR temperature approximately 15 C (59 F) lower after the EGR cooler cleaning test has been performed in VCADS
Pro? EGR Cooler Cleaning Test page 18
Is the intake manifold pressure within specifications? (Low intake manifold pressure can result in higher than normal EGR
2
temperatures which in turn sets a fault code.) Refer to Service information specifications for expected values and Intake
3
and Exhaust system fault tracing for troubleshooting help.
Action:
Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. Date Group No. Page
Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 5(24)
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Vehicle Chassis Number
Action:
Is EGR cooler free of corrosion in the coolant cavity and is the coolant circulating properly?
Action:
YES NO
6 EPG, Checking
Notes:
1
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IMPACT or ID-DVD: Info type Diagnostics, group 2500
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IMPACT or ID-DVD: Info type Diagnostics, group 2538
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EGR, Fault Tracing
EGR Valves and Position Sensors, Checking
WARNING
If the engine has been running prior to this check, use
caution around pipes and clamps. It is possible that
high surface temperatures can cause third degree
burns. Do not touch or handle hot components until
they have cooled sufficiently.
2
Start engine. With engine at ambient air temperature,
pipes should not heat up if the valves are closed properly
or are not stuck open.
3
Connect the PC to the vehicles diagnostic connector
and start VCADS Pro. Check that valves can be opened
and closed via VCADS Pro. Select Exhaust Gas
Recirculation Function Check and start the test. Activate
both valves and check that both pipes heat up when
valves are activated to 90%. If both valves do not function
properly, continue with next step.
3
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4
If engine is NOT cold: Remove air filter housing and
fresh air pipe from turbocharger and air compressor.
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5
Remove EGR valve exhaust pipes between EGR cooler
and EGR valves.
WARNING
Wear appropriate eye and ear protection during this
test. Failure to do so can result in personal injury. It
is possible that debris from the exhaust can get into
eyes and ears.
7
EGR valve function and position checking
CAUTION
Use only VCADS Pro to activate the valves. Never
attempt to activate the EGR valves with battery
voltage; doing so will permanently damage the valves.
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8
Close EGR valve 1 with VCADS Pro and check the
position of valve 1.
9
Repeat steps 6 through 8 for valve 2.
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Resistance measurements
Connect breakout box 9998699 and adapter 9990014 to
EB connector ONLY and make resistance check towards
EGR motor and position sensor.
4
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Type 1 and 2
12
Voltage Output Measurements
Connect breakout box 9998699 and adapter 9990014
between EB connector and EECU.
9998699, 9990014
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13
With the ignition key in the ON position, start the EGR
function test in VCADS Pro.
14
With engine not running and EGR valve closed (0%):
15
Activate the EGR valves to 90% in VCADS Pro.
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16
Remove the wiring harness support bracket bolts on
top of the EGR cooler and at the rear EGR valve. Lay
bracket aside.
17
Remove the EGR valve clamps from the exhaust manifold
and separate both valves from the exhaust manifold
enough to provide access to the valve discs.
18
WARNING
Never place fingers near the valve disc and valve seat
during testing. If the ignition key is placed in the ON
position while the valve is open, the valve disc may
close without warning and can cause personal injury.
19
If you suspect that the position sensor does not
correspond to the EGR valve position, measure valve
travel:
With ignition key ON, engine OFF, and EGR valve disc
closed, measure the distance from the valve seat to the
valve disc head (A) and note the value.
Output voltage when valve closed:
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20
Activate the EGR valve. (The position sensor should
indicate 90 3%.)
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21
Calculate valve travel by subtracting the closed
measurement (A) from the open measurement (B).
Valve travel (B A) should be 9.3 11.3 mm (0.366
0.445 in.).
Output voltage when valve open:
22
If an active code exists and the EGR valve cannot be
activated via VCADS Pro, the valve should be checked
with the valve disconnected from the EECU and jumper
wires used to supply the position sensor with 5 volts
supply and 5 volts ground connection.
23
Disconnect 7-pin connector from the engine wiring
harness box (upper connector valve 1 and lower
connector valve 2). Connect measurement box 9998567
to the EGR valve connector only.
9998567
24
With breakout box 9998699 and adapter 9990014
connected between EB connector (upper) and EECU,
install jumper wires to tool 9998567.
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25
Install 5 volt jumper wire from pin EB17 on tool 9998999
to pin 1 on tool 9998567. Install ground wire from pin
EB18 on tool 9998999 to pin 3 on tool 9998567.
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26
Connect multimeter J39200 to tool 9998567. Red test
lead to pin 2 and black lead to pin 3 or engine ground.
J39200, 9998567
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27
Turn the ignition key to the ON position and check voltage
on pin 2 with tool 9998567. With valve fully closed, the
voltage should be 0.2 0.8 volts.
9998567
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28
Grip the valve head with suitable tool and pull the valve
disc until the valve is fully open. The voltage should read
approximately 3.8 volts.
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29
Check the voltage with valve open at maximum operating
opening (approximately 90%). Physically open valve
to approximately 16 mm (0.630 in) "B". Voltage should
be 2.73.7 volts.
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30
If the EGR valves are sluggish, leaking, stuck, or they do
not function properly, or the position sensor does not
correspond to the position of the valve, replace the
valve assembly; refer to Service Information, EGR
valve replacement5
Note: The EGR valves and position sensor must be
replaced as an assembly.
5
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Reed Valves, Checking
Leak Test
Possible fault codes:
MID 128 SID 281 Reed valves
Special tools: 9996662, 85105390
1
Remove EGR pipe and hose between reed valve housing
and mixing chamber.
2
Fit O-ring into connection washer 85105390 and attach
to reed valve using existing clamp.
85105390
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3
Turn reduction valve counterclockwise on pressure gauge
9996662. Open the cut-off valve and connect shop air
hose; check that the gauge is set to 0.
9996662
4
Connect pressure gauge 9996662 to connection washer
85105390.
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5
Slowly increase air pressure on the reduction valve until
gauge shows 100 kPa (14.5 psi). Close the cut-off valve
on the pressure gauge and observe leak-down rate.
6
If pressure drops immediately after valve is closed, this
indicates failed or damaged reed valves. Use soapy water
to verify that there is no leakage at connection washer
and EGR temperature sensor during test.
Note: The reed valves are NOT completely sealed and
some leakage is normal. However if the reed valves will
not hold any air pressure or will not build any pressure
this indicates faulty valves.
7
If reed valves are faulty, the reed valve housing must be
replaced as a complete unit. Refer to service information,
reed valve replacement6
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Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 16(24)
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EGR Temperature Sensor, Checking
Possible fault codes:
MID 128 PID 412 EGR Temperature
MID 128 SID 282 EGR Cooler
Special tools: 9990014, 9998534, 9998699,
J39200
1
EGR temperature sensor function check
With engine cold, connect the VCADS Pro tool to the
vehicles diagnostic connector (if not already connected).
Select Exhaust gas recirculation function check and
start the test. Check to verify that the EGR temperature is
the same as ambient temperature.
2
If EGR temperature sensor reading is approximately
same as ambient air temperature, check the EGR
temperature function. Select "EGR cooler cleaning test"
in VCADS Pro. Engine at ambient temperature, activate
the EGR cooler cleaning, (EGR valves 1 and 2 opened
14%). With the engine idling the EGR temperature should
increase more rapidly than coolant temperature, this
indicates that the sensor is reading EGR temperature.
3
Cold engine (coolant below 65 C, 150 F): Immediately
after activating "EGR cooler, cleaner" the EGR
temperature is expected to be higher (and increasing)
than ambient and lower than coolant temperature. After
the EGR valves have been opened for a time the EGR
temperature is expected to be higher than coolant
temperature.
Warm engine: With the engine shut down for a time, the
EGR temperature is expected to be higher than ambient
and become lower than coolant temperature. When
starting the engine (and idling) with EGR active (coolant
higher than 65 C [150 F]) the EGR temperature is
expected to be higher than coolant.
4
Test drive (or perform a dyno test) and check EGR
temperature.
7
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Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 17(24)
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5
EGR temperature sensor resistance check
Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Disconnect EA
(lower) and EB (upper) connectors from EECU. Attach 2
adapters 9990014 and 2 breakout boxes 9998699
to EA and EB connectors ONLY. (Measurement is
toward sensor.)
9990014, 9998699
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Connect DMM J39200 to breakout box sockets EB18
(ground) and EA30 (signal) and check sensor resistance.
Temperature Expected Value
10 C (50 F)
55.582 - 63.488 k
25 C (77 F)
28.182 - 31.818 k
82 C (180 F)
3.415 - 3.729 k
177 C (350 F)
295 - 355
232 C (450 F)
105 - 130
J39200
7
Cut tie straps on engine wiring harness at air line
support bracket.
8
Remove crankcase breather hose. Remove hose from
valve cover and hose clamp on intake manifold. Pull hose
away from cable box.
9
Remove the 2 main air line support bracket bolts.
10
Remove outer cable box cover and move to the side.
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11
Remove inner cable box panel.
12
Disconnect EGR temperature sensor connector and
connect 9998534 to the sensor only. (blue-white wire
and brown-white wire)
9998534
13
Attach DMM J39200 to test leads 1 and 2 of the 4pin
breakout harness. If values are correct, the sensor
harness should be checked from the EECU to the sensor
connector; refer to wiring diagram.
J39200
14
If sensor values are incorrect, replace the sensor. If no
fault is found with EGR temperature sensor, perform
EGR Cooler Cleaning Test page 18.
Preparation
1
Perform a test drive before conducting the cleaning test;
record the EGR temperature using Sensor values
history in VCADS Pro.
Note: After cooler cleaning, perform this test again to
evaluate cooler cleaning.
2
Shut down engine and allow it to cool to ambient
temperature.
Note: The engine must be cold so that condensation
will occur in the cooler.
2
Start engine and immediately activate EGR and EPG.
Note: EGR valves are opened 14% and the EPG is
activated with 14% air pressure.
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3
Let the engine run at idle until engine temperature is
approximately 80 C (176 F). Let engine continue to
idle for an additional 30 minutes.
4
Turn off EGR and EPG. Turn off the engine.
2
Compare the EGR temperature before and after cleaning.
If the temperature is not approximately 15 C (59 F)
cooler, continue with Soot Check page 22.
Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. Date Group No. Page
Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 20(24)
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EGR Cooler, Checking
Possible fault code:
MID 128 PID 111, Coolant Level Indicator.
Special tools: DBT2V700
Coolant Leak Test (Option 1)
1
Remove EGR pipe between reed valve housing and
mixer chamber.
WARNING
Do not exceed 100 kPa (14 psi) or the system may
rupture, causing serious personal injury.
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DANGER
Exercise caution when working around engine fan.
Cooling fan can engage without warning and cause
severe injury or death.
4
With engine running and EGR valves open, check the
reed valve housing for signs of coolant mixed with
exhaust gasses.
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2
Remove exhaust pipes for EGR valve 1 and 2 between
valves and EGR cooler.
3
Check to verify that the coolant level in the cooling system
is within specifications and fill cap is securely tightened.
DANGER
Do not exceed 100 kPa (14 psi) or the system may
rupture, causing serious personal injury.
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5
Check for signs of coolant leaking from the rear of the
EGR cooler exhaust inlet.
8
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Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 22(24)
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Soot Check
1
Remove the air filter housing and fresh air pipe from
turbocharger and air compressor, if not already removed.
2
Remove EGR exhaust pipes between EGR valves
and EGR cooler.
3
Attach coolant extractor DBT2V700 to drain fitting and
remove the coolant from the cooling system.
4
Remove the upper radiator hose.
5
Cut tie straps loose from the wiring harness bracket on
reed valve housing and remove bracket.
6
Remove the reed valve housing outlet pipe clamp and
separate the pipe from the housing.
7
Remove damper and bracket from reed valve housing.
8
Remove mounting bolts from the reed valve housing
and pull the reed valve housing assembly away from
the EGR cooler.
9
Shine a bright light inside rear of EGR cooler (exhaust
inlet pipes from EGR valves). Check for soot and carbon
build up inside cooler tubes. Light should be seen
through each tube.
Note: Light visible on all tubes does not mean that cooler
cleaning is not required. If there is carbon buildup in the
tubes inside the cooler, cooler efficiency will be reduced.
10
If high EGR temperature is occurring and the EGR
temperature sensor checks okay, the cooler will have
to be removed and physically cleaned; for EGR cooler
cleaning procedure, refer to Service Information, EGR
cooler replacement9.
9
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Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 23(24)
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Flow and Corrosion
1
Attach coolant extractor DBT2V700 to drain fitting and
remove coolant from cooling system.
DBT2V700
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2
Remove coolant outlet pipe between EGR cooler and
thermostat housing.
3
Using a miniature inspection mirror and light, check for
coolant corrosion inside EGR cooler that might affect
coolant flow. If corrosion is found, remove the EGR
cooler; refer to Service Information10.
4
Verify that coolant can flow freely through the EGR cooler
by running water through the coolant cavity.
5
If corrosion was found inside the EGR cooler, or if water
does not flow freely through the cooler, cooler efficiency
will be reduced. Clean or replace cooler as required.
10
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Service Bulletin 2.2006 254 08 24(24)
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EGR Vibration Damper, Checking
1
Remove the vibration damper from the bracket on
the reed valve housing.
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2
Check the condition of the damper by shaking vigorously.
If internal movement is noted, the damper is faulty
and must be replaced.
3
If no movement is noted after shaking the damper, install
the damper to the vibration damper bracket. Torque
mounting bolts to 24 Nm (18 ft-lb).