Structural design of Pier for support of Aqueduct

1 Design Data
River Bed Level Rlriver 75.199 m
bank levvel Rlba 78.181 m
River Design discharge Q= 4.000 m3/s
Bed slope I= 1:100
Peir seperation distance c/c Ln = 2.75 m
Water depth in River H= 2.982 m
Mean velocity V= 1.00 m/s
Freeboard (without ponding during low flow) Fb = 1.00 m
Low discharge during dry season Ql = 2.00 m3/s
Thickness of walkway slabslab d 0.30 m
Effective thickness of bridge slab de = 0.27 m
Bed Width of River L= 13.00 m
Effective span per slab Le = 3.02 m
Clear width of deck B 1.50 m
side wall Bk 0.30 m
Thickness wearing layer dw 0.01 m
Concrete mix to be used M20
Unit weight of RCC 25.00 KN/m3
Unit weight of Water 10.00 KN/m3
Unit weight of wearing coat 22.00 KN/m3
Unit weight of boulder masonry 22.50 KN/m3
Unit weight PCC (M20) Wc 24.00 KN/m3
Unit weight of bed material s= 26.50 KN
Size of bed material D= 0.0003 m
Permissible stress in Steel 230 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete(M20) 7 N/mm2
Neutral axis factor 0.289
Lever arm factor 0.904
Moment of resistance factor 0.5*7*0.289*0.904 Laf = 0.914
Safe Bearing capacity of the soil SBC 80 KN/m2

2. Design of Scour Depth

According to Lacey's Formula
Mean water way Required Bc = 3.26*Q0.5 Bc = 6.52 m
Mean depth of flow Hc = 0.47*q0.8*D-0.12 Hc = 0.84 m
Discharge per unit width is Q/Bc q = 0.61 m3/s/m
Size of bed material is D D = 0.0003 m

Scour depth below FSL is: R = 1.35 * (q2/f)1/3 Gupta & Guta Vol.II pg.32 & 33
f is silt factor: f = 1.76 Mr1/2
Mr is size of bed material in mm, is D*1000
Therefore, f= 0.96
R= 0.99 m
Hence the scour depth below the bed level is sd-H -2.00 m
I.e. no scour is expected
Minimum pier length required at the top (B+2*Bk)+2*0.10 (straight section) Lp 2.30 m
Provide a top length with semi-circular ends as shown in the figure below. 2.60 m
Take width of pier Bp 0.50 m
Use RCC Material for construction
Total height pier Hp 3.98 m
Depth of foundation (PCC = M15): Df 0.50 m
Length of foundation is: Lp+Bp+2*0.25m Lf 3.30 m
Width of foundation is:Bp+2*0.25 m Bf 2.85 m
Net cross section of Pier foundation Ap 9.41
slenderness ratio=Hp/Bp Sr 7.964 OK
0.25 0.25
0.50

0.25 2.60 0.25

0.40 0.40
4.11 2.30
1.175
2.85
/////////// 0.50 0.50
1.70
1.175
0.50
3.10
2.85

Dead weight of pier at bed level

Weight of Pier (Lp +0.4*2)*(Bp+0.25*2)*(Hp-Df)*25 10.794 KN
Weight of Pier foundation Lf*Bf*Df*25 117.563 KN
DWp= 128.357 KN
Ecentricity e -0.55 m
 Design of pier
The pier shall be checked at two levels:
a) At bed level of canal
b) At foundation level of pier

0.40 2.30 0.40

Y
0.50
X X

Y
Net vertical force Pn = 128.36 KN
Moments due to eccentricity Mxx = -70.60 KNm
a1) At bed level, when water is at FSL
Cross sectional area of pier at bed level is Lp*Bp+ pi*(1/2Bp)2 Apb = 1.35 m2
Moment of inertia about the X-X axis: 1/12*Lp*Bp3+1/64*pi*(Bp)4 Ixx = 0.03 m4
Neglecting Y-Y
Stress is: Pn/Ab + Mxx*0.50*Bp/Ixx -557.70 KN/m2
Stress is: Pn/Ab - Mxx*0.50*Bp/Ixx 748.37 KN/m2

Stress in N/mm2 : compressive stress <0.70 N/mm2 , i.e. acceptable -0.56 N/mm2
Stress in N/mm2 : tension stress =0.10 N/mm2 , i.e. acceptable 0.75 N/mm2
However, min reinf.required is 0.25% of c/s area is to be provided
provied 12mm Bars for nominal reinforcement

Net vertical Load on the foundation soil

Total Load through the pier (all load included) Pn = 128.36 KN
Self Load of the foundation Df*3.1*Wc FL 37.20 KN
Weight of soil above foundation Wsoil 118.58 KN
Total weight 284.13 KN
Pressure on the foundation Total weight/Area Actually Provided 32.16 KN/m2
Safe Bearing Pressure Adopted SBC 80.00 KN/m2

5 Punching shear
Total load on pier Pn = 128.36
Critical section for punching shear is taken at distance 'd/2' from the face of the pier
Length L 3.10 m
Breadth B 2.85 m
Net pressure per running metre Pnet 0.23 KN/m
Punching shear Vp = 126.30
Perimeter of foundation b0 = 11.9
Effective depth of foundation slab d= 450.00 KN
Nominal shear stress =tv= Vp/bo*d tv= 0.02 N/mm2
The permissible shear stress tc for M20 grade of concrete for 1.80 N/mm1
for nominal % of steel 0.3400 N/mm2
Value of a constant K=1.0 for slab thickness>,or=300mm K= 1.00 N/mm2
The permissible shear stress =K* tc 1.80 N/mm2
OK
Flood discharge (Peak Discharge) Estimation by Rational Method for small catchments:

Data :
Catchment area, A = 2 Sq.km.
U/s bed level 212.316 D/s bed level 211.856 at distance of 50m
Hence Slope of drain, s = 1 in 100 0.01
length of principal course, L = 2.5 km.
Return period, T = 25 Yrs.
Topography & Vegetation = Flat Forest Land
Soil type = Clay & silty loam
Runoff coefficient, C = 0.5

Formula used:
1 Rainfall Intensity, I = (100*T^0.2)/(tr+20)^0.7
2 Concentration time, tc = (0.06628*L^0.77)/s^0.385
3 Q peak = 0.278*C.I.A
Where I is rainfall intensity in mm/hr.; T the return period in years; tr the rainfall duration in minutes;
tc the concentration time in hours then converted to minutes; L the length of principal water course in km.
s the slope between maximum and minimum elevation in m/m; A the cathment area in Square km.;
C the runoff coefficient dimensionless and Qpeak the peak flood discharge in Cumecs.

Calculations :
SN A, sq.km. s, m/m L, km. tc in min. I in mm/hr Qpeak in Cumecs For design
1 2 0.01 2.5 47.42 9.99 2.776 4