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    NRMC CIP 18p

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    Pedja
    Testing Series - 10 Topics TC Jobsite Addition of Water CIP 26 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Loss of Air Content In Pumped Concrete CIP 21  Acceptance Testing of Concrete  CIP 41 Making Concrete Cylinders in the Field CIP 34 Testing Compressive Strength of Concrete CIP 35 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Strength of In-Place Concrete CIP 10 Flexural Strength of Concrete CIP 16 Concrete Maturity  CIP 39 Troubleshooting Series - 16 Topics TS Cracking Concrete Surfaces CIP 4 Plastic Shrinkage Cracking CIP 5 Crazing Concrete Surfaces CIP 3 Cracks in Concrete Basement Walls CIP 7 Dusting Concrete Surfaces CIP 1 Scaling Concrete Surfaces CIP 2 Concrete Blisters CIP 13  Aggregate Popouts  CIP 40 Delamination of Troweled Surfaces CIP 20 Curling of Concrete Slabs CIP 19 Discoloration CIP 23 Corrosion of Steel in Concrete CIP 25 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Thermal Cracking of Concrete CIP 42 Alkali Aggregate Reactions (AAR) CIP 43 Best Practices Series - 11 Topics BP Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Concrete Pre-Construction Conference CIP 32 Joints in Concrete Slabs on Grade CIP 6 Finishing Concrete Flatwork CIP 14 Curing In-Place Concrete CIP 11 Vapor Barriers Under Slabs On Grade CIP 29 Concrete Slab Moisture CIP 28 Cold Weather Concreting CIP 27 Hot Weather Concreting CIP 12  Alkali Aggregate Reactions CIP 43  Durability Requirements for Concrete CIP 44 RMC Value Series - 10 topics RMCV Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Supplementary Cementitious Materials CIP 30 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete CIP 15 Synthetic Fibers for Concrete CIP 24 High Strength Concrete CIP 33 Self Consolidating Concrete CIP 37 Structural Lightweight Concrete CIP 36  Pervious Concrete CIP 38 Flowable Fill Materials CIP 17 Grout CIP 22

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    NRMC CIP 18p

    Uploaded by

    Pedja
    35 views2 pages
    Testing Series - 10 Topics TC Jobsite Addition of Water CIP 26 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Loss of Air Content In Pumped Concrete CIP 21  Acceptance Testing of Concrete  CIP 41 Making Concrete Cylinders in the Field CIP 34 Testing Compressive Strength of Concrete CIP 35 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Strength of In-Place Concrete CIP 10 Flexural Strength of Concrete CIP 16 Concrete Maturity  CIP 39 Troubleshooting Series - 16 Topics TS Cracking Concrete Surfaces CIP 4 Plastic Shrinkage Cracking CIP 5 Crazing Concrete Surfaces CIP 3 Cracks in Concrete Basement Walls CIP 7 Dusting Concrete Surfaces CIP 1 Scaling Concrete Surfaces CIP 2 Concrete Blisters CIP 13  Aggregate Popouts  CIP 40 Delamination of Troweled Surfaces CIP 20 Curling of Concrete Slabs CIP 19 Discoloration CIP 23 Corrosion of Steel in Concrete CIP 25 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Thermal Cracking of Concrete CIP 42 Alkali Aggregate Reactions (AAR) CIP 43 Best Practices Series - 11 Topics BP Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Concrete Pre-Construction Conference CIP 32 Joints in Concrete Slabs on Grade CIP 6 Finishing Concrete Flatwork CIP 14 Curing In-Place Concrete CIP 11 Vapor Barriers Under Slabs On Grade CIP 29 Concrete Slab Moisture CIP 28 Cold Weather Concreting CIP 27 Hot Weather Concreting CIP 12  Alkali Aggregate Reactions CIP 43  Durability Requirements for Concrete CIP 44 RMC Value Series - 10 topics RMCV Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Supplementary Cementitious Materials CIP 30 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete CIP 15 Synthetic Fibers for Concrete CIP 24 High Strength Concrete CIP 33 Self Consolidating Concrete CIP 37 Structural Lightweight Concrete CIP 36  Pervious Concrete CIP 38 Flowable Fill Materials CIP 17 Grout CIP 22

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    Testing Series - 10 Topics TC Jobsite Addition of Water CIP 26 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Loss of Air Content In Pumped Concrete CIP 21  Acceptance Testing of Concrete  CIP 41 Making Concrete Cylinders in the Field CIP 34 Testing Compressive Strength of Concrete CIP 35 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Strength of In-Place Concrete CIP 10 Flexural Strength of Concrete CIP 16 Concrete Maturity  CIP 39 Troubleshooting Series - 16 Topics TS Cracking Concrete Surfaces CIP 4 Plastic Shrinkage Cracking CIP 5 Crazing Concrete Surfaces CIP 3 Cracks in Concrete Basement Walls CIP 7 Dusting Concrete Surfaces CIP 1 Scaling Concrete Surfaces CIP 2 Concrete Blisters CIP 13  Aggregate Popouts  CIP 40 Delamination of Troweled Surfaces CIP 20 Curling of Concrete Slabs CIP 19 Discoloration CIP 23 Corrosion of Steel in Concrete CIP 25 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Thermal Cracking of Concrete CIP 42 Alkali Aggregate Reactions (AAR) CIP 43 Best Practices Series - 11 Topics BP Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Concrete Pre-Construction Conference CIP 32 Joints in Concrete Slabs on Grade CIP 6 Finishing Concrete Flatwork CIP 14 Curing In-Place Concrete CIP 11 Vapor Barriers Under Slabs On Grade CIP 29 Concrete Slab Moisture CIP 28 Cold Weather Concreting CIP 27 Hot Weather Concreting CIP 12  Alkali Aggregate Reactions CIP 43  Durability Requirements for Concrete CIP 44 RMC Value Series - 10 topics RMCV Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Supplementary Cementitious Materials CIP 30 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete CIP 15 Synthetic Fibers for Concrete CIP 24 High Strength Concrete CIP 33 Self Consolidating Concrete CIP 37 Structural Lightweight Concrete CIP 36  Pervious Concrete CIP 38 Flowable Fill Materials CIP 17 Grout CIP 22

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    35 views2 pages

    NRMC CIP 18p

    Uploaded by

    Pedja
    Testing Series - 10 Topics TC Jobsite Addition of Water CIP 26 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Loss of Air Content In Pumped Concrete CIP 21  Acceptance Testing of Concrete  CIP 41 Making Concrete Cylinders in the Field CIP 34 Testing Compressive Strength of Concrete CIP 35 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Strength of In-Place Concrete CIP 10 Flexural Strength of Concrete CIP 16 Concrete Maturity  CIP 39 Troubleshooting Series - 16 Topics TS Cracking Concrete Surfaces CIP 4 Plastic Shrinkage Cracking CIP 5 Crazing Concrete Surfaces CIP 3 Cracks in Concrete Basement Walls CIP 7 Dusting Concrete Surfaces CIP 1 Scaling Concrete Surfaces CIP 2 Concrete Blisters CIP 13  Aggregate Popouts  CIP 40 Delamination of Troweled Surfaces CIP 20 Curling of Concrete Slabs CIP 19 Discoloration CIP 23 Corrosion of Steel in Concrete CIP 25 Discrepancies in Yield CIP 8 Low Concrete Cylinder Strength CIP 9 Thermal Cracking of Concrete CIP 42 Alkali Aggregate Reactions (AAR) CIP 43 Best Practices Series - 11 Topics BP Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Concrete Pre-Construction Conference CIP 32 Joints in Concrete Slabs on Grade CIP 6 Finishing Concrete Flatwork CIP 14 Curing In-Place Concrete CIP 11 Vapor Barriers Under Slabs On Grade CIP 29 Concrete Slab Moisture CIP 28 Cold Weather Concreting CIP 27 Hot Weather Concreting CIP 12  Alkali Aggregate Reactions CIP 43  Durability Requirements for Concrete CIP 44 RMC Value Series - 10 topics RMCV Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete CIP 31 Supplementary Cementitious Materials CIP 30 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete CIP 15 Synthetic Fibers for Concrete CIP 24 High Strength Concrete CIP 33 Self Consolidating Concrete CIP 37 Structural Lightweight Concrete CIP 36  Pervious Concrete CIP 38 Flowable Fill Materials CIP 17 Grout CIP 22

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    CIP 18 - Radon Resistant Buildings

    WHAT is Radon?
    Radon is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas which
    occurs naturally in soils in amounts dependent upon
    the geology of the location. The rate of movement of
    radon through the soil is dependent primarily upon soil
    permeability and degree of saturation, and differences
    in air pressure within the soil. Soil gas enters buildings
    through cracks or openings in the foundation, slab, or
    basement walls when the air pressure in the building is
    less than that of the soil.
    Radon gas decays to other radioactive elements in
    the uranium series. Called “radon progeny,” they ex-
    ist as solid particles rather than as a gas.
    WHY be Concerned About Radon Levels
    in Buildings?
    The concern is due to an association with the devel-
    opment of lung cancer. Radon progeny can become
    Eliminate Entry Routes for Soil Gases by Proper
    attached to dust particles in the air. If inhaled, they
    Jointing, Sealing, and (When Necessary) Venting.
    can lodge in the lung. Energy emitted during radioac-
    tive decay while in the lung can cause tissue damage, HOW to Construct Radon Resistant
    which has been linked to lung cancer.
    Concrete Buildings?
    The level of health risk associated with radon is
    Solid concrete is an excellent material for use in con-
    related to the concentration of radon in the air and
    structing radon resistant buildings. It is an effective
    the time a person is exposed to that air. The U.S.
    barrier to soil gas penetration if cracks and openings
    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has devel-
    are sealed.
    oped a risk profile for radon exposure at various con-
    centrations, and established an action level concen- Solid concrete slabs and basement walls are com-
    tration above which efforts should be made to reduce monly used in residential buildings. Buildings resis-
    radon levels.1 It is prudent to take measures during tant to radon may be easily constructed with con-
    construction which will reduce the amount of radon crete. In concrete construction, the critical factor is
    entering a building. to eliminate all entry routes through which gases can
    flow from the soil into the building.
    The construction of radon resistant buildings requires aggregate base beneath the slab may be warranted
    adhering to accepted construction practices with at- during construction. These systems provide a posi-
    tention to a few additional details. In instances where tive means of evacuating soil gas from beneath the
    high radon levels are expected, installation of a sub- slab, diverting it directly to the outside.2,3
    slab ventilation system incorporating an open-graded

    References
    1. “A Citizen’s Guide to Radon—What It Is and What To 5. “Guide to Residential Cast-In-Place Concrete Construc-
    Do About It,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, tion,” ACI 332R, American Concrete Institute, Farmington
    OPA-86004, 1986, 13 pp. Available from state radiation Hills, MI.
    protection offices or EPA regional offices.
    6. “Production of Radon-Resistant Foundations,” A. G. Scott
    2. “Radon Reduction in New Construction—An Interim and W. O. Findlay, American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington,
    Guide,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OPA-87- Delaware, 1987, 54 pp. Available from NTIS, Alexandria,
    009,1987, 7 pp. Available from EPA, (513) 569-7771. Virginia, PB89-116149/WBT, (703) 487-4650.
    3. “Radon Reduction Techniques for Detached Houses — 7. Technical information on radon-resistant construction
    Technical Guide,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is available from the National Association of Home Build-
    EPA/625/5-86/019,19N, 50 pp. Available from EPA Center ers, National Research Center, Radon Research Program,
    for Environmental Research Information, (513) 569-7562. (301) 249-4000.
    4. “Production of Radon-Resistant Slab on Grade Founda-
    tions,” Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Bartown,
    Florida, 1987, 9 pp.

    Follow these Guidelines to Reduce Radon Entry


    1. Design to minimize utility openings. Sump openings should be sealed and vented outdoors.2
    2. Minimize random cracking by using control and isolation joints in walls and floors. Planned
    joints can then be easily sealed.5 If done properly, any cracks will occur at the joints and can
    be easily sealed.
    3. Monolithic slab foundations are an effective way to minimize radon entry.2,4,6 For slab on
    grade homes in warm climates, pour foundation and slab as a single monolithic unit.
    4. Use materials which will minimize concrete shrinkage and cracking (larger aggregate sizes
    and proper water-cementitious ratio).
    5. When using polyethylene film beneath the slab, place a layer of sand over the polyethylene.
    See ClP 5 and 7.
    6. Remove grade stakes after striking off the slab. (If left, they can provide entryways through
    the slab.)2
    7. Construct the joints to facilitate caulking.5
    8. Cure the concrete adequately. See CIP 11.
    9. Caulk and seal all joints and openings in the walls or floor. (If cracks occur, they should be
    widened, and then caulked and sealed.)2,3

    1982, 1989 AND 2000

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