Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 138 views

    Surveying n4 Measuring Instruments. Irregular Areas and Obstacles To Chain Surveying

    Uploaded by

    tinashemambariza
    The lecture covered various minor measuring instruments used in surveying like leveling rods, staff bubbles, compasses, as well as how to calculate areas of irregular shapes. It also discussed obstacles to chaining measurements and corrections that need to be applied to tape distances for factors like temperature, slope, and sag. The next lesson will focus on practical survey work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Surveying n4 Measuring Instruments. Irregular Areas and Obstacles To Chain Surveying

    Uploaded by

    tinashemambariza
    138 views20 pages
    The lecture covered various minor measuring instruments used in surveying like leveling rods, staff bubbles, compasses, as well as how to calculate areas of irregular shapes. It also discussed obstacles to chaining measurements and corrections that need to be applied to tape distances for factors like temperature, slope, and sag. The next lesson will focus on practical survey work.

    Original Description:

    Measuring Instruments. Irregular Areas and Obstacles to Chain Surveying

    Original Title

    Surveying n4 Measuring Instruments. Irregular Areas and Obstacles to Chain Surveying

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The lecture covered various minor measuring instruments used in surveying like leveling rods, staff bubbles, compasses, as well as how to calculate areas of irregular shapes. It also discussed obstacles to chaining measurements and corrections that need to be applied to tape distances for factors like temperature, slope, and sag. The next lesson will focus on practical survey work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    138 views20 pages

    Surveying n4 Measuring Instruments. Irregular Areas and Obstacles To Chain Surveying

    Uploaded by

    tinashemambariza
    The lecture covered various minor measuring instruments used in surveying like leveling rods, staff bubbles, compasses, as well as how to calculate areas of irregular shapes. It also discussed obstacles to chaining measurements and corrections that need to be applied to tape distances for factors like temperature, slope, and sag. The next lesson will focus on practical survey work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Building & Structural Surveying N4 , Lecture 3

    Minor Measuring Instruments, Irregular Areas & Obstacles to Chaining

    Lecturer: Tinashe Mambariza


    Noticeboard
    Today We will Cover…

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    AT THE END OF THE LECTURE, PARTICIPANTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
    • IDENTIFIY EQUIPMENT USED FOR LEVELING
    – BONNING ROD
    – SURVEYORS STAFF
    – STAFF BUBLE
    – CHANGE PLATE
    – TRIPOD
    – DUMPY LEVEL
    • IDENTIFY EQUIPMENT USED FOR SETTING RIGHT ANGLES
    • IDENTIFY EQUIPMENT USED FOR MEASURING SLOPE ANGLES
    • IDENTIFY EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING DIRECTION
    • IDENTIFY EQUIPMENT FOR MARKING SURVEY STATIONS
    • CALCULATION OF IRREGULAR AREA
    • CORRECTION TO DISTANCES
    – TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
    – SLOPE CORRECTION
    – PULL / TENSION CORRECTION
    – SAG CORRECTION
    • OBSTACLES TO CHAINING
    LEVELLING EQUIPMENT

    BONNING ROD LEVEL BUBBLE CHANGE PLATE


    LEVELLIG EQUIPMENT

    • SIMPLY A LARGE RULER AVAILABLE IN 3,4 OR 5m


    • GRADUATED IN METERS AND CENTIMETERS
    • E – PATTERN DESIGNED TO MAKE IT EASY TO READ
    SMALL SECTIONS OF THE GRADUATIONS
    • MAJOR GRADUATIONS ON THE E- PATTEN OCCUR AT
    100mm INTERVALS & THE E PATTEN IS 50mm HIGH
    LEVELLIG EQUIPMENT

    DUMPY LEVEL

    AUTOMATIC LEVEL

    TILTING LEVEL
    EQUIPMETNT FOR SETTING-OUT RIGHT ANGLES

    • This instrument is used for 3-4-5 METHOD USING A TAPE MEASURE


    setting out lines at right angle
    to main chain line.
    • It is used where greater
    accuracy is required. There are
    two types of optical square,
    one using two mirrors and the
    other a prism.
    ABNEY LEVEL / CLINOMETER
    • This instrument is generally used to obtain
    roughly the slope angle of the ground. It
    consists of a rectangular, telescopic tube
    (without lenses) about 125mm long with a
    graduated arc attached. A small bubble is
    fixed for levelling.
    • Vernier arm, once the image of the bubble
    is seen reflected in the eyepiece the angle
    of the line of sight can be read off with the
    aid of the reading glass.
    • CARE FOR THE ABNEY LEVEL
    – HANDLE WITH CARE
    – CLEAN & DRY THE INSTRUMENT AFTER
    USE
    – KEEP THE INSTRUMENT IN THE STORAGE
    CASE WHEN NOT IN USE
    DIRECTION MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS

    • A COMPASS IS AN INSTRUMENT WHICH


    MEASURES THE DIRECTION OF A LINE OF
    SITE WITH REFERENCE TO THE MAGNETIC
    MERIDIAN
    • 2 TYPES OF MAGNETIC COMPASS
    – PRISMATIC COMPASS ( SMALL HAND
    HELD INSTRUMENTS FOR LESS
    ACCURATE WORK)
    – SURVEYORS COMPASS ( LARGE AND
    MORE ACCURATE AND USUALLY Prismatic compass
    SUPPORTED ON A TRIPOD.)
    STATION MARKING EQUIPMENT
    Ranging Rods:
    • These are poles of circular
    section 2m, 2.5m or 3m long,
    painted with characteristic red
    and white bands which are
    usually 0.5m long and tipped
    with a pointed steel shoe to
    enable them to be driven into
    the ground.
    • They are used in the
    measurement of lines with the
    tape, and for marking any points
    which need to be seen.
    STATION MARKING EQUIPMENT
    PEGS
    • Pegs are made of wood 50mm x
    50mm and some convenient
    length. They are used for points
    which are required to be
    permanently marked, such as
    intersection points of survey lines.
    • Pegs are driven with a mallet and
    nails are set in the tops.
    ARROWS:
    Arrow consists of a piece of steel wire about 0.5m long, and
    are used for marking temporary stations.
    A piece of coloured cloth, white or red ribbon is usually
    attached or tied to the end of the arrow to be clearly seen
    on the field.
    CALCULATION OF AREAS
    INCLUDE THE
    CALCULATION OF AREA
    FOR THE FOLLOWING
    CATEGORIES
    • REGULAR SHAPES
    • IRREGULAR SHAPES
    CALCULATION OF IRREGULAR AREAS
    THE FOLLOWING
    METHODS ARE APPLIED
    • MID ODINATE RULE
    • TRAPEZIUM RULE
    /TRAPEZODIAL
    • SIMPSONS 1/3 RULE
    SIMPSONS 1/3 RULE FOR CALCULATING IRREGULAR AREAS
    PRACTICAL SCENARIO
    • CACULATE THE
    AREA OCCUPIED BY
    THE POND

    • CALCULATE THE
    SQUARE METERS OF
    PAVING REQUIRED

    • CACULATE THE
    TOTAL AREA OF THIS
    STAND
    TAPE CORRECTIONS (TEMPORARILY INCORRECT)
    TAPE CORRECTIONS
    OBSTACLES TO CHAINNING
    OBSTACLES TO CHAINNING
    Next Lesson Preparation & Further study

    • Further study
    – SETTING OUT ANGLES WITH TAPE
    – MAP CALCULATION
    – PLANIMETER
    – VOLUME CALCULATION

    • Next lesson will cover:


    – PRACTICAL SURVEY WORK

    You might also like